N-Nitroso-N-methylurea

Modify Date: 2024-01-01 22:30:30

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea Structure
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea structure
Common Name N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
CAS Number 684-93-5 Molecular Weight 103.080
Density 1.5±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling Point 164.3±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C2H5N3O2 Melting Point 119-124°C
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point 53.1±22.6 °C
Symbol GHS02 GHS06 GHS08
GHS02, GHS06, GHS08
Signal Word Danger

 Use of N-Nitroso-N-methylurea


N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU;MNU;NMH) is a potent carcinogen, mutagen and teratogenand. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea is a direct-acting alkylating agent that interacts with DNA. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea targets multiple animal organs to cause various cancer and/or degenerative disease. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea is also a precursor in the synthesis of diazomethane[1][2][3][4].

 Names

Name N-methyl-N-nitrosourea
Synonym More Synonyms

 N-Nitroso-N-methylurea Biological Activity

Description N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU;MNU;NMH) is a potent carcinogen, mutagen and teratogenand. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea is a direct-acting alkylating agent that interacts with DNA. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea targets multiple animal organs to cause various cancer and/or degenerative disease. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea is also a precursor in the synthesis of diazomethane[1][2][3][4].
Related Catalog
In Vitro N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU; 5 μM) treatment increases the cellular NF-κB activity in human malignant keratinocytes. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea also increases the amount of I-κBα phosphorylation[5].
In Vivo N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) gives intravenously to rats at age 50 days induced mammary carcinomas in 89% of BUF/N, 73% of Sprague-Dawley, and 89% of F344 females. Latent periods are, respectively, 77, 86, and 94 days. Doubling times of NMU-induced primary and transplanted carcinomas are similar to 7 days. Cachexia ensues at the 5th week from the onset of the first tumor. When the tumor is larger than 15 g, hypercalcemia is usually observed[1].
References

[1]. Gullino PM, et al. N-nitrosomethylurea as mammary gland carcinogen in rats. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1975 Feb;54(2):401-14.

[2]. Tsubura A, et al. Review: Animal models of N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary cancer and retinal degeneration with special emphasis on therapeutic trials. In Vivo. 2011 Jan-Feb;25(1):11-22.

[3]. Johnson EM, et al. Effects of N-nitroso-N-methylurea on enzymatic ontogeny associated with teratogenesis. Teratology. 1968 May;1(2):179-91.

[4]. Silvia Garbarino, et al. One-pot synthesis of α-haloketones employing a membrane-based semibatch diazomethane generator. Journal of Flow Chemistry volume 6, pages211-217(2016).

[5]. Moon KY. N-nitroso-N-methylurea and N-nitroso-N-ethylurea induce upregulation of cellular NF-kappa B activity through protein kinase C-dependent pathway in human malignant keratinocytes. Arch Pharm Res. 2010 Jan;33(1):133-9.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Density 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 164.3±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 119-124°C
Molecular Formula C2H5N3O2
Molecular Weight 103.080
Flash Point 53.1±22.6 °C
Exact Mass 103.038177
PSA 75.76000
LogP -0.03
Vapour Pressure 2.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.545
Storage condition 2-8°C
Stability Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong acids.

 Safety Information

Symbol GHS02 GHS06 GHS08
GHS02, GHS06, GHS08
Signal Word Danger
Hazard Statements H228-H301-H350-H360
Precautionary Statements P201-P210-P301 + P310-P308 + P313
Personal Protective Equipment Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P2 (EN 143) respirator cartridges;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges
Hazard Codes F:Flammable
Risk Phrases R45;R46;R61;R11;R25
Safety Phrases S53-S45-S24/25-S22
RIDADR UN 1325 4.1/PG 2
WGK Germany -
RTECS YT7875000
Packaging Group III
Hazard Class 6.1(b)

 Synthetic Route

~92%

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea Structure

N-Nitroso-N-met...

CAS#:684-93-5

Literature: Iranpoor, Nasser; Firouzabadi, Habib; Pourali, Ali Reza Synthetic Communications, 2005 , vol. 35, # 11 p. 1517 - 1526

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N-Nitroso-N-methylurea Structure

N-Nitroso-N-met...

CAS#:684-93-5

Literature: Current Science, , vol. 12, p. 228 Chem.Abstr., , p. 2006 Journal of the Chemical Society, , p. 1214 Chemische Berichte, , vol. 73, p. 607

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N-Nitroso-N-methylurea Structure

N-Nitroso-N-met...

CAS#:684-93-5

Literature: Journal of Organic Chemistry, , vol. 38, p. 1325 - 1329

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N-Nitroso-N-methylurea Structure

N-Nitroso-N-met...

CAS#:684-93-5

Literature: Chemische Berichte, , vol. 73, p. 607 Org. Synth. Coll. Vol. II<1943>461 Angewandte Chemie, , vol. 46, p. 48 Angewandte Chemie, , vol. 43, p. 445

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N-Nitroso-N-methylurea Structure

N-Nitroso-N-met...

CAS#:684-93-5

Literature: Chemische Berichte, , vol. 73, p. 607 Org. Synth. Coll. Vol. II<1943>461 Angewandte Chemie, , vol. 46, p. 48 Angewandte Chemie, , vol. 43, p. 445

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N-Nitroso-N-methylurea Structure

N-Nitroso-N-met...

CAS#:684-93-5

Literature: Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, , vol. 253, p. 6

 Articles62

More Articles
A novel toxicogenomics-based approach to categorize (non-)genotoxic carcinogens.

Arch. Toxicol. 89 , 2413-27, (2015)

Alternative methods to detect non-genotoxic carcinogens are urgently needed, as this class of carcinogens goes undetected in the current testing strategy for carcinogenicity under REACH. A complicatin...

Optimal dose selection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea for the rat comet assay to evaluate DNA damage in organs with different susceptibility to cytotoxicity.

Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. 786-788 , 129-36, (2015)

The in vivo rodent alkaline comet assay (comet assay) is a promising technique to evaluate DNA damage in vivo. However, there is no agreement on a method to evaluate DNA damage in organs where cytotox...

Multiple programmed cell death pathways are involved in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced photoreceptor degeneration.

Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 253 , 721-31, (2015)

To identify programmed cell death (PCD) pathways involved in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced photoreceptor (PR) degeneration.Adult C57BL/6 mice received a single MNU i.p. injection (60 mg/kg body...

 Synonyms

EINECS 211-678-4
1-Methyl-1-nitrosourea
Urea, N-methyl-N-nitroso-
N-nitroso-N-methylurea
MFCD00014794
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