胶霉毒素

胶霉毒素用途

Gliotoxin 是一种次生代谢产物,是 A. fumigatus 分泌的最丰富的霉菌毒素,抑制巨噬细胞的吞噬作用和其他免疫细胞的免疫功能。Gliotoxin 通过阻止 IκB 降解来抑制诱导型 NF-κB 活性,从而诱导宿主细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。Gliotoxin 可以激活 PKA 并增加细胞内 cAMP 浓度; 调节肌动蛋白细胞骨架重排以促进 A. fumigatus 内化到肺上皮细胞。

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胶霉毒素名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
67-99-2

[ 中文名 ]:
胶霉素

[ 英文名 ]:
Gliotoxin

[中文别名 ]:

胶黏毒素

[英文别名 ]:

epithiodiketopiperazine
MFCD00058534
Gliotoxin

胶霉毒素生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

[ 相关类别 ]:

信号通路 >> 细胞凋亡 >> 细胞凋亡

信号通路 >> 蛋白酪氨酸激酶 >> PKA

信号通路 >> 干细胞及 Wnt 通路 >> PKA

研究领域 >> 炎症/免疫

[参考文献]

[1]. Schlam D, et al. Gliotoxin Suppresses Macrophage Immune Function by Subverting Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate Homeostasis. MBio. 2016 Apr 5;7(2):e02242.

[2]. Coméra C, et al. Gliotoxin from Aspergillus fumigatus affects phagocytosis and the organization of the actin cytoskeleton by distinct signalling pathways in human neutrophils. Microbes Infect. 2007 Jan;9(1):47-54. Epub 2006 Dec 12.

[3]. Zhang C, et al. Gliotoxin Induces Cofilin Phosphorylation to Promote Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Internalization of Aspergillus fumigatus Into Type II Human Pneumocyte Cells. Front Microbiol. 2019 Jun 18;10:1345.

胶霉毒素物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.8±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
699.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
153.5ºC

[ 分子式 ]:
C₁₃H₁₄N₂O₄S₂

[ 分子量 ]:
326.391

[ 闪点 ]:
377.0±31.5 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
326.039490

[ PSA ]:
131.68000

[ LogP ]:
0.52

[ 外观性状 ]:
粉末

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.0±5.0 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.814

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与食品原料分开储运

胶霉毒素毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: KB4725000

CHEMICAL NAME :: 10H-3,10a-Epidithiopyrazino(1,2-a)indole-1,4-dione, 2,3,5a,6-hydroxy-3- (hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-, (3R-(3-alpha,5a-beta,6-beta,10a-alpha))-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 67-99-2

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0050675

LAST UPDATED :: 199709

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 9

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C13-H14-N2-O4-S2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 326.41

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T C6 B566/JO A 2BJ O AVN JXSS NNV EU GU MHTT&&J DQ M1Q N

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 45 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 67 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 32 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 25 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 7800 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 45 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 25 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA repair

TEST SYSTEM :: Bacteria - Bacillus subtilis

DOSE/DURATION :: 250 mg/L

REFERENCE :: MYCPAH Mycopathologia. (Kluwer Academic Pub. Group, Distribution Centre, POB 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, Netherlands) V.1- 1938- Volume(issue)/page/year: 87,43,1984

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胶霉毒素安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS07

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H225-H302-H312-H319-H332

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P280-P305 + P351 + P338

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves;type P2 (EN 143) respirator cartridges

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
T

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
25

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S45;S36/S37/S39

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 3462 6.1/PG 3

[ WGK德国 ]:
3

[ RTECS号 ]:
KB4725000

[ 包装等级 ]:
III

[ 危险类别 ]:
6.1(b)

[ 海关编码 ]:
29419090

胶霉毒素合成路线

详细合成路线

胶霉毒素上下游产品

胶霉毒素上游产品

胶霉毒素下游产品

胶霉毒素文献

The MAP kinase MpkA controls cell wall integrity, oxidative stress response, gliotoxin production and iron adaptation in Aspergillus fumigatus.

Mol. Microbiol. 82(1) , 39-53, (2011)

The saprophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is the most important air-borne fungal pathogen. The cell wall of A. fumigatus has been studied intensively as a potential target for development of effect...

Single-pot derivatisation strategy for enhanced gliotoxin detection by HPLC and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry.

Anal. Bioanal. Chem 401(8) , 2519-29, (2011)

Gliotoxin is produced by non-ribosomal peptide synthesis and secreted from certain fungi, including Aspergillus fumigatus. It is an epipolythiodioxopiperazine that contains an intact disulphide bridge...

Individual and combined effects of mycotoxins from typical indoor moulds.

Toxicol. In Vitro 27(6) , 1970-8, (2013)

The mycotoxins patulin, gliotoxin and sterigmatocystin can be produced by common indoor moulds and enter the human body via inhalation of mycotoxin containing spores and particulates. There are variou...

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