N,N-二甲基甲酰胺_MSDS_用途_密度_CAS号【68-12-2】

N、 N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)被广泛用作药物溶剂。N、 N-二甲基甲酰胺是一种具有物理化学性质的偶极亲原溶剂,因此适合作为毛细管电泳(CE)的溶剂[1][2]。

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[ 描述 ]:

N、 N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)被广泛用作药物溶剂。N、 N-二甲基甲酰胺是一种具有物理化学性质的偶极亲原溶剂,因此适合作为毛细管电泳(CE)的溶剂[1][2]。

[ 相关类别 ]:

研究领域 >> 其他

信号通路 >> 其他 >> 其他

[体内研究]

N、 N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF；N-甲酰二甲胺)具有肝毒性[3]。

[参考文献]

[1]. Porras SP, et al. Capillary electrophoresis in N,N-dimethylformamide. Electrophoresis. 2005;26(17):3279-3291.

[2]. Varma RK, et al. Solvent artifacts likely to be induced by dimethylformamide. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1986;30(3):248-254.

[3]. Mráz J, et al. Investigation of the mechanistic basis of N,N-dimethylformamide toxicity. Metabolism of N,N-dimethylformamide and its deuterated isotopomers by cytochrome P450 2E1. Chem Res Toxicol. 1993;6(2):197-207.

[ 密度 ]:
0.948 g/mL at 20 °C

[ 沸点 ]:
153 °C(lit.)

[ 熔点 ]:
-61 °C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₃H₇NO

[ 分子量 ]:
73.09380

[ 闪点 ]:
136 °F

[ 精确质量 ]:
73.05280

[ PSA ]:
20.31000

[ LogP ]:
0.34030

[ 外观性状 ]:
透明无色液体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
2.5 (vs air)

[ 折射率 ]:
n20/D 1.430(lit.)

[ 储存条件 ]:
包装完整、轻装轻卸,库房通风、远离明火、高温、与氧化剂、酸分开存放

[ 水溶解性 ]:
soluble

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: LQ2100000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Formamide, N,N-dimethyl-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 68-12-2

LAST UPDATED :: 199806

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 102

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C3-H7-N-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 73.11

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: VHN1&1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

TYPE OF TEST :: Rinsed with water

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 5000 ppm/6H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD - Lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >3160 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - muscle weakness Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >3 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 3700 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 9400 mg/m3/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - muscle weakness Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 650 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 2500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 3900 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 470 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Blood - changes in cell count (unspecified)

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 4720 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Blood - changes in cell count (unspecified)

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 4 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - fatty liver degeneration

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 1050 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 13 gm/kg/15W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - food intake (animal) Liver - changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 5400 mg/kg/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 ppm/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 mg/m3/4H/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 ug/m3/24H/60D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - porphyrin including bile pigments

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2523 ppm/6H/5D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 800 ppm/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 18 gm/kg/2W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 5030 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 800 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :: female 13 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects Endocrine - effect on menstrual cycle

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 50 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :: male 13 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 4 mg/m3/4H

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-19 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 600 mg/m3/24H

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-19 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 287 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :: female 0-19 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 300 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

DOSE :: 3600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 11-13 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

DOSE :: 7552 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

DOSE :: 20 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

DOSE :: 20 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-20 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed effects

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 1820 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 200 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :: female 13 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects Endocrine - effect on menstrual cycle

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 2100 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 11 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 15120 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-14 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 2600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - body wall Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 2600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 450 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-19 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - body wall Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

DOSE :: 5200 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Dominant lethal test

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Host-mediated assay

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - mouse Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium

REFERENCE :: CHPUA4 Chemicky Prumysl. Chemical Industry. (SNTL-Statni Nakladatelstvi Technicke Literatury, Spalena 51, 113 02 Prague 1, Czechoslovakia) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,548,1981 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 30 mg/m3 (10 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,171,1989 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,171,1989 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,171,1989 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CMTVAS Cahiers de Medecine du Travail. (Association Professionnelle Belge des Medecine du Travail, rue du Bultia, 6280 Gerpinnes, Belgium) V.1- 1963- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(3),49,1973 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,90,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm (60 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 20 ppm (60 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 10 mg/m3;STEL 20 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 10 ppm;STEL 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (45 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE-air:10H TWA 10 ppm (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 26560 No. of Facilities: 3115 (estimated) No. of Industries: 64 No. of Occupations: 71 No. of Employees: 69191 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 26560 No. of Facilities: 6209 (estimated) No. of Industries: 85 No. of Occupations: 93 No. of Employees: 124683 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 16011 (estimated)

点击显示

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS07, GHS08

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H226-H312 + H332-H319-H360D

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P201-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P308 + P313

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
T:Toxic

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R20/21;R36;R61

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S53-S45

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2265 3/PG 3

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
LQ2100000

[ 包装等级 ]:
III

[ 危险类别 ]:
3

[ 海关编码 ]:
2924191000

N,N-二甲基甲酰胺上游产品

N,N-二甲基甲酰胺下游产品

自从1899年用甲酸与二甲胺反应首次合成二甲基甲酰胺以后，发展了以不同原料合成二甲基甲酰胺的工艺方法，如二甲胺-一氧化碳法、甲酰胺-二甲胺法、氰氢酸-甲醇法、乙腈-甲醇法、甲酸甲酯-二甲胺法、三氯乙醛-二甲胺法等等。但目前国外的工业化生产仍以二甲胺-一氧化碳法为主。

1、甲酸甲酯-二甲胺法：由甲酸与甲醇酯化生成甲酸甲酯，然后与二甲胺气相反应生成二甲基甲酰胺，再经蒸馏回收甲醇和未反应的甲酸甲酯后进行减压精馏制得成品。

2、二甲胺-一氧化碳法：由二甲胺与一氧化碳在甲醇钠作用下，直接反应而得。反应条件是1.5-2.5MPa和110-150℃。粗品经精馏制得成品。

3、由一氧化碳和甲醇在高压和80-100℃温度下经羰基合成得甲酸甲酯，然后再与二甲胺反应生成二甲基甲酰胺，精馏后得到成品。

4、三氯乙醛法：由三氯乙醛与二甲胺反应而得。

将氯仿与0.52份的三氯乙醛加入反应釜，冷却至30℃以下，通入气态的二甲胺，同时将其佘0.78份的三氯乙醛滴入反应釜，进行反应。反应结束后进行蒸馏操作，当精馏塔塔顶温度为58-64℃时的馏分为氯仿，64-150℃的馏分为氯仿与二甲基甲酰胺的混合物，将此混合液进行减压蒸馏得粗品二甲基甲酰胺，然后将粗晶再进行精馏，即得成品。

消耗定额（kg/t):二甲胺（40%）2372；三氯乙醛（95%）2543。

精制方法：N,N-二甲基甲酰胺常含有水、乙醇、伯胺、仲胺等杂质，并能与2分子水形成HCON(CH3)2·2H2O。要得到高纯度产品，可使用干燥剂与蒸馏并用的方法。首先加入1/10体积的苯，常压下进行共沸蒸馏以除去水。再按下列方法精制：

① 加入无水硫酸镁(25g/L)干燥，减压下2~2.67KPa蒸馏。

② 加入粉状氧化钡，搅动后倾出液体，减压蒸馏。

③ 加入氧化铝粉末（50g/L，500~600℃烧成），混合摇动，减压下（0.67~1.33KPa）蒸馏。

④ 加入三苯基氯硅烷（5~10g/L），120~140℃加热24小时后减压（0.67KPa）蒸馏。

由以上方法所得产品电导率：(1) (0.9~1.5)×10 ^-7　S/m；(2) (0.4~1.0)×10 ^-7 S/m；(3) (0.3~0.9)×10 ^-7 S/m；(4) (0.2~0.5)×10 ^-7 S/m。

5.以工业品二甲基甲酰胺为原料，经提纯而得试剂二甲基甲酰胺。工业品中若含有少量水，可以通过4A分子筛除去。若水分含量较高，可加适量颗粒氢氧化钾，不进摇动并充分静置分层，分去含有甲酸等杂质的水层后，加入二甲基甲酰胺体积1/5的试剂级苯进行常压精馏，当气相温度达130℃时，在残液中加入适量五氧化二磷，加盖振荡3.5h，静置后滤去固体，然后在充氮条件下用氢氧化钾脱水，再在干燥氮气保护下减压精馏，收集中间馏分，即得高纯度产品。

6.二甲胺与二氧化碳在甲醇钠催化下加压合成或二甲胺与甲酸甲酯气相反应制得,也可由二甲胺与三氯乙醛反应而得。

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