甲酸_MSDS_用途_密度_甲酸CAS号【64-18-6】

【用途一】
用于制备甲酸盐、甲酸酯类、甲酰胺等，还在医药、印染、染料、皮革等工业都具有一定用途
【用途二】
用作化学试剂
【用途三】
用作还原剂、缓冲剂，也用于农药制备
【用途四】
作为青饲料添加剂。
【用途五】
香味增强剂。主要用于配制菠萝、朗姆酒和熏烟等型香精。兼有消毒防腐作用。
【用途六】
纸浆制造中的杀菌防霉。
【用途七】
甲酸是基本有机化工原料之一，广泛用于农药，皮革，纺织，印染，医药和橡胶工业等，还可制取各种溶剂，增塑剂，橡胶凝固剂，动物饲料添加剂及新工艺合成胰岛素等。我国的甲酸消费中，医药工业约占45%，化学工业约占30%，轻工，纺织等其它部门约占25%。甲酸是我国重要的出口化工产品之一。目前我国甲酸生产全部采用甲酸钠法。甲酸常用作廉价的，挥发性和腐蚀性较小的无机酸的代用品，广泛用于轻工行业。在纺织和印染工业中，甲酸用作消除印地科素亚硝酸钠法所产生的亚硝酸气用剂，弱酸性染料和中性络合染料染色助剂，活性染料染锦纶的助染剂。甲酸不会在印染过程中残留在织物上，酸性较乙酸强，能使六介铬还原，因此可在铬媒染过程中提高染料的利用率。用甲酸代替硫酸可避免纤维素降解，而且酸度适中，染色均习，因此是一种优良助染剂。甲酸作为无机酸的代用品，用于鞣革中的脱色，脱毛，中和石灰和防止湿皮革的发霉。用甲酸作凝固剂可以提出高天然橡胶的质量，降低生产成本，也可用于废旧橡胶的再生。用甲酸制作饲料添加剂，在青贮饲料方面有很大潜力。甲酸有抑制或防止霉菌生长的功能，对饲料能改变天然的发酵形式，常添加脂酸以增进抗霉效果。用甲酸处理过的青饲料喂奶牛能防止冬季牛奶减产，育肥效果也有明显提高。在食品工业中，甲酸用于酿酒行业的消毒，防腐，用作罐头的清洗消毒剂，果汁和食物的保藏剂。甲酸的大量衍生物是医药，农药，染料，香料，溶剂的中间体，用于制造冰片，氨基比林，咖啡因，维生素B1，安乃近，杀虫脒，粉锈宁，三环唑，二甲基甲酰胺等。甲酸衍生物中以取代的甲酰胺和甲酸酯类在工业上应用较多（甲酰胺的衍生物见该品条目）。甲酸的酯类在香料工业中用途很广，如：甲酸乙酯——桃，莓等果实香精；甲酸异戊酯——果实香精，皮革用香精；甲酸已酯——苹果香精；甲酸庚酯——杏，梅，桃等果实香精；甲酸正癸酯——橙花香精及鸢尾油用；甲酸苄酯——素馨等花香及皂用香精；甲酸桂酯——素馨及月下香等香精用；甲酸香茅酯——用于玫瑰，桂花，野百合等香精；甲酸丁香酯——用于康乃馨香精等；甲酸香叶酯——玫瑰，橙花，香叶等香精；甲酸芳樟酯——薰衣草，香柠檬等香精；甲酸薄荷酯——化妆品香精，喷雾用香精；甲酸苯乙酯——白玫瑰，兰花，菊花等香精；甲酸百里香酯——化妆品香料。
【用途八】
还原剂，测定砷、铋、铝、铜、金、铟、铁、铅、锰、汞、钼、银和锌等，检定铈，铼和钨，检验芳香族伯胺和仲胺，测定分子量及结晶的溶剂，测定甲氧基，显微分析中用作固定剂，制造甲酸盐类。

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[ 密度 ]:
1.2±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
100.6±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
8.2-8.4 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
CH₂O₂

[ 分子量 ]:
46.025

[ 闪点 ]:
29.9±13.4 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
46.005478

[ PSA ]:
37.30000

[ LogP ]:
-0.54

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色液体带有一种辛辣气味

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
1.03 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
36.5±0.2 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.342

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与碱类、氧化剂、H发孔剂、氰化物分开存放

[ 水溶解性 ]:
MISCIBLE

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: LQ4900000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Formic acid

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 64-18-6

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 64

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C-H2-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 46.03

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: VHQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 2200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - sputum Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - hematuria Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - metabolic acidosis

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 7300 ug/m3/8H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 2440 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Vascular - shock Blood - other hemolysis with or without anemia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - metabolic acidosis

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 15 gm/m3/15M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 700 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 6200 mg/m3/15M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 940 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 145 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 4 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 3 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 239 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 22680 mg/kg/9W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 ppm/6H/12D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 64 ppm/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight Liver - changes in liver weight Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 mg/m3/16W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS Liver - liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - proteinuria

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 ppm/6H/12D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 64 ppm/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Ovary

REFERENCE :: MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 240,195,1990 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-STEL 19 mg/m3 (10 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 9.4 mg/m3 (5 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AMIHAB AMA Archives of Industrial Health. (Chicago, IL) V.11-21, 1955-60. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,517,1959 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,299,1978 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,119,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 5 ppm (9.4 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (18 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:STEL 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 5 mg/m3;STEL 8 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 5 ppm (9.4 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 5 ppm;STEL 1 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO FORMIC ACID-air:10H TWA 5 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 33720 No. of Facilities: 3537 (estimated) No. of Industries: 59 No. of Occupations: 48 No. of Employees: 34087 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 33720 No. of Facilities: 6368 (estimated) No. of Industries: 95 No. of Occupations: 77 No. of Employees: 158933 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 37338 (estimated)

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[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS05, GHS06

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H226-H302-H314-H331

[ 补充危害声明 ]:
Corrosive to the respiratory tract.

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P260-P280-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P370 + P378

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;Goggles;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
C:Corrosive

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R35

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S36/37-S45-S26-S23-S36/37/39

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1198 3/PG 3

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
LP8925000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
8

[ 海关编码 ]:
2915110000

详细合成路线

甲酸上游产品

甲酸下游产品

1.甲酸钠法　一氧化碳和氢氧化钠溶液在160-200℃和2MPa压力下反应生成甲酸钠，然后经硫酸酸解、蒸馏即得成品。

2.甲醇羰基合成法（又称甲酸甲酯法）　甲醇和一氧化碳在催化剂甲醇钠存在下反应，生成甲酸甲酯，然后再经水解生成甲酸和甲醇。甲醇可循环送入甲酸甲酯反应器，甲酸再经精馏即可得到不同规格的产品。

3.甲酰胺法　一氧化碳和氨在甲醇溶液中反应生成甲酰胺，再在硫酸存在下水解得甲酸，同时副产硫酸铵。原料消耗定额：甲醇31kg/t、一氧化碳702kg/t、氨314kg/t、硫酸1010kg/t。另外，丁烷枵轻油氧化法主要用来生产乙酸，甲酸作为副产品回收，处于研究阶段的方法有一氧化碳和水直接合成法。

精制方法：无水甲酸可在减压下直接分馏制得，分馏时用冰水冷却凝结。对含水甲酸，可用硼酐或无水硫酸铜做干燥剂。五氧化二磷和氯化钙能与甲酸作用，不宜用作干燥剂。对试剂级88%的甲酸，可用邻苯二甲酸酐回流6小时后蒸馏的方法除去其中的水分。进一步纯化可利用分步结晶法。甲酸与乙酸混在一起时，可加入脂肪烃进行共沸蒸馏分离。

4.将适量的一氧化碳和氢氧化钠水溶液在160～200℃下反应生成甲酸钠，经中和、蒸馏、冷凝而得。或者在三乙胺水溶液中，以钯络合物为催化剂，二氧化碳与氢气于140～160℃反应制得。

5.以甲酸钠与浓硫酸作用制得工业级甲酸，然后可用活性炭吸附后减压蒸馏以制得纯品，也可加入B₂O₃ CuSO₄进行减压蒸馏精制。

6.二氧化碳法　在钯络合物催化下，在三乙胺水溶液中，二氧化碳与氢气于140～160℃反应而得。反应式：

7.主要采用合成酸化法和高压催化法。合成酸化法：用焦炭燃烧产生的一氧化碳与氢氧化钠合成甲酸钠，再用硫酸酸化，经蒸馏而得。高压催化法：将一氧化碳和水蒸气在催化剂存在下，于高温高压下反应而得。

8.制法：将甲酸与五氧化二磷混合，进行减压蒸馏，反复5一10次，方可得到无水甲酸,但得量低，费时长，会造成一些分解。将甲酸与硼酸醉进行蒸馏，操作简便，效果更好。将硼酸置甩沪中高温脱水至不再产生气泡，所得熔融物倒在铁片一上，置干燥器中冷却，然后研磨成粉。将硼酸酚细粉加到甲酸中，放置几日，形成硬块，分出清彻液体进行减压蒸馏，收集22一25℃/12-18mm馏份为产品。蒸馏器应是全磨口接头并有干燥管保护。

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[ 海关编码 ]: 2915110000

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公司名：上海吉至生化科技有限公司

区域：上海市奉贤区

价格：
￥78.0/500g ￥1258.0/500ml ￥118.0/500g

联系人：刘佳

产品详情：无水甲酸

公司名：上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司

区域：上海市浦东新区

价格：
￥需询单/1mg ￥需询单/1g ￥需询单/1g ￥需询单/1g

联系人：阿拉丁李高志

产品详情：甲酸

公司名：济南创世化工有限公司

区域：济南市天桥区

价格：
￥需询单/250kg

联系人：严玲玲

产品详情：甲酸

公司名：济南世纪通达化工有限公司

区域：济南市天桥区

价格：
￥1120.0/250kg ￥4200.0/1ton

联系人：王经理

产品详情：甲酸蚁酸

公司名：山东金悦源新材料有限公司

区域：济南市天桥区

价格：
￥75.0/25kg ￥750.0/250kg ￥3000.0/1ton

联系人：王思兵

产品详情：甲酸

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甲酸沸点多少度？甲酸沸点为什么比乙醇高？

2019-07-17 15:24:02

甲酸（化学式HCOOH，分子式CH2O2，分子量46.03），俗名蚁酸，是最简单的羧酸。无色而有刺激性气味的液体。弱电解质，熔点8.6℃，沸点100.8℃。酸性很强，有腐蚀性，能刺激皮肤起泡。存在于蜂类、某些蚁类和毛虫的分泌物中。是有机化工原料，也用作消毒剂和防腐剂。沸点属于物理性质，甲酸和乙醇都...

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