1,1-二氯乙烯_MSDS_用途_密度_CAS号【75-35-4】

主要用于制合成纤维等

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[ 密度 ]:
1.218

[ 沸点 ]:
31.2 °C

[ 熔点 ]:
-122 °C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₂H₂Cl₂

[ 分子量 ]:
96.94330

[ 闪点 ]:
−9 °F

[ 精确质量 ]:
95.95340

[ LogP ]:
1.93520

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色液体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
3.46 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
9.68 psi ( 20 °C)

[ 折射率 ]:
n20/D 1.426

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类分开存放

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: KV9275000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Ethylene, 1,1-dichloro-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 75-35-4

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 82

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C2-H2-Cl2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 96.94

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: GYGU1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 25 ppm

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 6350 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - coma

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 194 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 5750 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 225 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD - Lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: >2426 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 3700 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1300 mg/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other transferases Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - amino acids (including renal excretion)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 189 mg/m3/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 189 mg/m3/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Liver - fatty liver degeneration Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :: 189 mg/m3/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - fatty liver degeneration Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 101 mg/m3/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 189 mg/m3/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 55 ppm/6H/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 25 ppm/4H/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors Blood - leukemia

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4840 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 150 ppm/4H/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - leukemia Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 55 ppm/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 55 ppm/6H/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 55 ppm/6H/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 150 ppm/4H/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 55 ppm/6H/28W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 200 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 80 ppm/7H

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 55 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :: female 55 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 160 ppm/7H

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :: Unscheduled DNA synthesis

TYPE OF TEST :: Unscheduled DNA synthesis

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Lung

REFERENCE :: MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 187,157,1987 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-STEL 79 mg/m3 (20 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 20 mg/m3 (5 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,195,1986 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,195,1986 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,376,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher information, see JTCTDW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,633,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CMTVAS Cahiers de Medecine du Travail. (Association Professionnelle Belge des Medecine du Travail, rue du Bultia, 6280 Gerpinnes, Belgium) V.1- 1963- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(3),49,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: ORNL/TIRC-77/3 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW VHTODE Veterinary and Human Toxicology. (American College of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology, Publication Office, Comparative Toxicology, Manhattan, KS 66506) V.19- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,31,1980 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm (80 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm (79 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm (80 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 50 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 50 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3);STEL 4 ppm (16 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE-air:CA lowest feasible conc. REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 83011 No. of Facilities: 879 (estimated) No. of Industries: 22 No. of Occupations: 23 No. of Employees: 10947 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 83011 No. of Facilities: 97 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 13 No. of Employees: 2679 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 291 (estimated)

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[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS06, GHS08

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H224-H301-H315-H319-H332-H351

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P281-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US)

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
F+:Extremelyflammable;Xn:Harmful;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R12;R20;R40

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S7-S16-S29-S36/37-S46-S45

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1303 3/PG 1

[ WGK德国 ]:
3

[ RTECS号 ]:
KV9275000

[ 包装等级 ]:
I

[ 危险类别 ]:
3

1,1-二氯乙烯上游产品

1,1-二氯乙烯下游产品

1.氯乙烯氯化法：氯乙烯氯化后经碱解面得。在氯化反应过程中，有偏二氯乙烷、均四氯乙烷生成；在碱解过程中，有1,2-二氯乙烷生成。其中1,1,2-三氯乙烷经脱除氯化氢生产偏二氯乙烯，这是工业上普遍采用的方法。根据所用的碱不同，又可分为氢氧化钠法、氢氧化钙法和氢氧化铵法。前者最终产物中沸点低于30℃的副产物较多，且氯乙炔钙含量较高，但无环境污染；后者最终新科技中无氯化钙、氯化钠的副产物，后处理容易。在利用氢氧化物时必须进行强烈搅拌，以减少起沫的可能性，相应地增加设备的利用系数，氯乙炔的生成数量也可减少到位1/10。
①氢氧化钠法：此法又可分为两种类型，一是全部反应在一个连续反应器中进行，配料比(NaOH:CH2ClCHCl2)为(1-1.2:1)，氢氧化钠的含量为10%-20%，反应温度在50-70℃，产品含量为94%，收率为93.9%，二是用含氯化钠的氢氧化钠，使用1,1,2-三氯乙烷转化成偏二氯乙烯。此法直接采用电解液，而且脱氯化氢后生成的氯化钠可返回电解系统循环使用。因此，最适合于氯碱厂生产偏二氯乙烯。
②氢氧化钙法：此法又可分为四种类型。其一，原料氢气化钙浓度为200g/L，碳酸钙浓度＜20g/L，氢氧化钙过量50%，反应开始时体系温度为80℃，然后升至90-92℃。反应结束后得到的粗偏二氯乙烯，经蒸馏提纯，收率可达80％以上。其二，由于生成偏二氯乙烯反应的控制步骤为界面上的物质转移，所以要加入少量表面活性剂和水提高接触效果。其三，为简化工艺，将反应和蒸馏合并在一个塔内进行。其四，先将氯乙烯和氯气通过反应器进行加成反应，再加10%的氢氧化钙，使1,1,2-三氯乙烷转化成偏二氯乙烯，精制后即得产品偏二氯乙烯。
③氢氧化铵法：旭道公司提出用氢氧化铵代替氢氧化钠和氢氧化钙，投料比为NH4OH：CH2ClCHCl2=2:1(mol)，反应温度为120℃，压力约为0.86MPa，转化率为52.1%，氯化铵、氨和未反应的1,1,2-三氯乙烷可循环使用。氯化反应在塔式反应器内进行，塔内充有三氯乙烷，用铁环堆砌塔内作催化剂，氯气和氯乙烯按配比1.05：1（mol)从塔底通入，反应温度控制在35-45℃。由于氯乙烯与氯气反应液可以依靠温度差进行自然循环，也可以用泵进行了强制循环。反应温度约75℃，压力为常压，生成的偏二氯乙烯经釜上的粗分塔，再经精馏塔提纯提精产品偏二偏乙烯。目前国内诸厂均采用釜式碱解反应器，大多为间歇操作。过去曾有人使用2.5%-3.0%的石灰乳作碱液，后因堵塞设备而改用稀氢氯化钠溶液。在间歇操作中，碱解后期将反应温度升至85℃，结果是粗偏二氯乙烯的杂质明显增多，给精制带来困难。

2.氯乙烷氯化碱解法：该法采用1,2-二氯乙烷为原料，在温度118℃，压力4.6MPa下，经液相氯化成1,1,2-三氯乙烷，反应物除1,2-二氯乙烷和氯气外，还加入12%乙烯，以加速二氯乙烷的氯化反应。三氯乙烷经低沸塔和高沸塔提纯后与稀碱反应，脱除一分子氯化氢制得偏二氯乙烯；粗偏二氯乙烯经低沸塔、高沸塔精制得纯偏二氯乙烯产品。上述工艺氯化产率95.4%，碱解收率99.8%，产品纯度高达99.9%。

3.甲基氯仿热裂解氯化氢法：此法采用氯乙烯为原料，与氯化氢加成生成1,1-二氯乙烷；二氯乙烷在480℃高温下氯化，所得氯化液产物主要有偏二氯乙烯、甲基氯仿（1,1,1-三氯乙烷）及氯乙烯。副产物有三氯乙烯、顺式二氯乙烯、反式二氯乙烯、多氯乙烷及氯化氢。氯化液经精馏将上述产物分离，氯乙烯和氯化氢返回加成工序，三氯乙烯作为商品出售，甲基氯仿经高温裂解成偏二氯乙烯，裂解混合物与氯化液合并精馏分离，偏二氯乙烯中加入阻聚剂作为商品出售，1,1-二氯乙烷与1,2-二氯乙烯经液相低温氯化成1,1-二氯乙烷与四氯乙烷，再送入高温氯化器。

4.乙烷氯化、热裂解脱氯化氢法：此法采用乙烷为原料，在高温426.6℃下氯化成含氯化氢、氯乙烯、偏二氯乙烯、氯乙烷、1,1-二氯乙烷和甲基氯仿的混合物，用分馏方法将上述产物分开。氯化氢用于氯乙烯氢氯化反应器；甲基氯仿经高温裂解除一分子氯化氢生成偏二氯乙烯，与氯化液合并进行分离提纯，获高纯产品偏二氯乙烯。

5.高温热脱氯化氢法：先将1,1,2-三氯乙烷预热至250℃，然后通入管式反应器进行分解反应。反应温度为350-500℃。本法的优点是分解产物氯化氢可以利用，但副产物1,2-二氯乙烯较多。

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