环氧丙烷_MSDS_用途_密度_环氧丙烷CAS号【75-56-9】

【用途一】
重要的石油化工原料，用于生产聚醚、丙二醇、表面活性剂、起泡剂、破乳剂、选矿药剂等
【用途二】
用于有机合成和塑料的制造，也用作溶剂、色谱分析标准物
【用途三】
主要用于生产丙二醇、聚醚多元醇、聚丙二醇、丙二醇醚和合成甘油等，也用于制造异丙醇胺、碳酸丙烯酯等
【用途四】
杀菌消毒剂。
【用途五】
环氧丙烷是除草剂异丙甲草胺的中间体，也是重要的有机合成化工原料，可以制造丙二醇、丙烯醇、丙醛、异丙胺、合成甘油、有机酸等，也可以制备非离子型表面活性剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、洗涤剂等。
【用途六】
环氧丙烷是重要的有机化工原料，为丙烯系的第三大产品，最大用途是制聚多元醇（聚醚），进而制造聚氨酯，在美国和西欧的用途分配中，这方面的用途分别占60%和70%以上。环氧丙烷用于制取非离子表面活性剂和丙烯醇、丙二醇、异丙醇胺、丙醛、合成甘油、有机酸、合成树脂、泡沫塑料、增塑剂、乳化剂、湿润剂、洗涤剂、杀菌剂、熏蒸剂等。环氧丙烷衍生的精细化学品几乎应用于所有工业部门和日常生活中。
【用途七】
环氧丙烷是重要的有机化工原料，为丙烯系的第三大产品，最大用途是制聚多元醇（聚醚），进而制造聚氨酯.环氧丙烷用于制取非离子表面活性剂和丙烯醇、丙二醇、异丙醇胺、丙醛、合成甘油、有机酸、合成树脂、泡沫塑料、增塑剂、乳化剂、湿润剂、洗涤剂、杀菌剂、熏蒸剂等。

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[ 密度 ]:
0.9±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
32.9±8.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
-112ºC

[ 分子式 ]:
C₃H₆O

[ 分子量 ]:
58.079

[ 闪点 ]:
-37.2±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
58.041866

[ PSA ]:
12.53000

[ LogP ]:
0.13

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色液体带有一种像醚的气味

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
2 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
572.5±0.1 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.399

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类分开存放

[ 水溶解性 ]:
40 g/100 mL (20 ºC)

[ 凝固点 ]:
-112.13℃

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: TZ2975000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Propane, 1,2-epoxy-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 75-56-9

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0079763

LAST UPDATED :: 199806

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 122

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C3-H6-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 58.09

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T3OTJ B1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 1400 gm/m3/10M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - headache Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 380 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 4000 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 440 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1740 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 175 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 2005 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1500 uL/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 660 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 4000 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - iritis Behavioral - muscle weakness Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: 440 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1170 mg/kg/45D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Liver - other changes Blood - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 457 ppm/7H/28W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1433 ppm/6H/12D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 25 mg/m3/4H/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - changes in surface EEG Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 529 ppm/6H/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 997 ppm/6H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Cardiac - changes in heart weight Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 125 ppm/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 457 ppm/7H/22W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10798 mg/kg/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 ppm/6H/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 ppm/7H/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Endocrine - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1500 mg/kg/46W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - facilitates action of known carcinogen

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 ppm/6H/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 272 mg/kg/95W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 3640 mg/kg/91W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 868 mg/kg/95W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 2912 mg/kg/95W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 6616 mg/kg/95W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2714 mg/kg/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 ppm/6H/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 ppm/6H/2.3Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 500 ppm/7H

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-16 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 500 ppm/7H

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-16 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 500 ppm/7H

SEX/DURATION :: female 15 day(s) pre-mating female 1-16 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 100 ppm/7H

SEX/DURATION :: male 2 year(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: Heritable translocation test

TYPE OF TEST :: Dominant lethal test

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA adduct

TEST SYSTEM :: Mammal - species unspecified Lymphocyte

REFERENCE :: CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 67,275,1988 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 48 mg/m3 (20 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 36,227,1985 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,181,1994 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 36,227,1985 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,181,1994 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,181,1994 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 100 ppm (240 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,219,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 100 ppm (240 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 100 ppm (240 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 100 ppm (240 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 100 ppm (240 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 20 ppm (50 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 20 ppm (48 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 ppm (12 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 5 ppm (12 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 20 ppm (50 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 100 ppm (240 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 100 ppm (240 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 1 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 5 ppm (12 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 2.5 ppm (6 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 100 ppm (240 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 20 ppm (50 mg/m3);STEL 100 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO PROPYLENE OXIDE-air:CA lowest feasible concentrtion REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 63550 No. of Facilities: 9032 (estimated) No. of Industries: 78 No. of Occupations: 60 No. of Employees: 75135 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 63550 No. of Facilities: 5786 (estimated) No. of Industries: 57 No. of Occupations: 67 No. of Employees: 421140 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 317309 (estimated)

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[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS06, GHS08

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H224-H302 + H312-H315-H319-H331-H335-H340-H350

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P201-P210-P280-P308 + P313-P370 + P378-P403 + P235

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;Goggles;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US)

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
T:Toxic

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R12;R20/21/22;R36/37/38;R45;R46

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S45-S53

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1280

[ WGK德国 ]:
3

[ RTECS号 ]:
TZ2975000

[ 包装等级 ]:
I

[ 海关编码 ]:
2910200000

详细合成路线

环氧丙烷上游产品

环氧丙烷下游产品

1.氯醇法：由丙烯和氯气、水在常压和60℃下经次氯酸化生成氯丙醇，再经皂化、凝缩、蒸馏而得。工艺流程：（1）丙烯次氯酸化将丙烯和氯气分别通入水中进行气液相反应，反应温度为35-50℃，丙烯与氯气摩尔比为（1.1-1.2）：1。水与氯气首先反应生成次氯酸，然后丙烯再与次氯酸进行加成反应生成氯丙醇。为减少副反应，避免二氯丙烷的生成，氯丙醇的浓度不宜过高，一般不高于6%-7%；氯气不可过量，除氯气过量将导致副产物二氯乙烷增多外，还有可能引起爆炸的危险性；向反应器通氯气和丙烯时，应尽量避免两种气体的直接接触。一般将氯气入口设在丙烯入口下方，而水的入口设在最下方。

（2）氯丙醇脱氯化氢反应将含水的氯丙醇加入皂化釜中，然后再加10%的石灰乳，搅拌下进行皂化反应，过程中必须注意物料的加入方式，如果将氯丙醇加入到石灰乳中，生成的环氧丙烷处于碱性介质中，会发生水解生成丙二醇厚。因此，对于氯丙醇脱氯化氢反应，必须将碱液加到氯丙醇中，以获得尽可能高的环氧丙烷收率。环氧丙烷生成反应立即蒸出，以避免水解。（3）环氧丙烷的提纯蒸出的环氧丙烷经冷凝后，送入精馏塔进行精馏即得成品。

2.直接氧化法：在银催化作用下，由丙烯与氧或空气进行氧化制得。

3.间接氧化法：由乙苯（或异丁烷、异丙苯等）经氧化制成氢过氧化乙苯（或叔丁基过氧化氢、氢过氧化异丙苯等），在环烷酸钼等催化剂存在下，与丙烯进行环氧化反应而得。

4.电化氯醇法：此法利用氯化钠（或氯化钾、溴化钠、碘化钠）的水溶液，经电解生成氯气和氢氧化钠的原理，在阳极区通入丙烯，生成氯丙醇，在阴极区氯丙醇与氢氧化钠作用生成环氧丙烷。

5.过氧化物法：主要过程为有机过氧化氢的制造，用过氧化物将丙烯氧化。该反应无论是生产有机过氧化氢或在催化剂存在下将过氧化物的氧转移到丙烯分子上都是液相反应，该方法除主产品环氧丙烷外，还有联产品。目前已经实现工业化的有乙苯哈康法和异丁烷哈康法。
（1）乙苯哈康法：以乙苯为原料经氧化制乙苯氢过氧化物，在环烷酸铜等催化剂作用下，进行丙烯环氧化反应，得到环氧丙烷，同时得到α-苯乙醇，经脱水可得到苯乙烯。
乙苯氧化的反应温度为130～150℃，压力为0.07～0.14 MPa，生成乙苯氢过氧化物的选择性达90%，环氧化温度为50～120℃，压力为常压0.1～0.864 MPa。例如将乙苯氢过氧化物14%、丙烯35%、乙苯50%、α-苯乙醇1%(质量分数)的混合物加入0.4%环烷酸锰-环烷酸钠(n_Mo/n_Na=2，摩尔比)作催化剂，在100℃反应1.5 h，得到乙苯氢过氧化物的转化率为99%，生成环氧丙烷的选择性78%，反应产物经蒸馏处理可得环氧丙烷成品，而α-苯乙醇在脱水反应器用TiO₃-Al₂O₃作催化剂，在250～280℃脱水，100%转化为苯乙烯，其选择性为92%。该方法特点：成本低，经济合理，三废少，同时有联产苯乙烯。
（2）异丁烷哈康法：是以异丁烷为原料，经氧化剂叔丁基氢过氧化物再与丙烯反应得环氧丙烷和叔丁醇，工艺过程与乙苯哈康法类似。制取叔丁基氢过氧化物是在100～110℃，不用催化剂，通常用叔丁基氢过氧化物作继引发剂，丙烯环氧化的反应条件是反应温度121℃，压力4.1 MPa。在钼催化剂存在下进行，反应时间0.5 h，环氧丙烷的产率为88%(以过氧化物计)，选择性81%。此法可以联产叔丁醇，产率约60%。

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