氨_MSDS_用途_密度_氨CAS号【7664-41-7】

【用途一】
用于化工、食品、医药等工业
【用途二】
用于化工、食品、医药等行业
【用途三】
用于制液氨、氨水、硝酸、铵盐和胺类等
【用途四】
用作化肥、冷冻剂、化工原料等
【用途五】
主要用于大规模集成电路减压或等离子体CVD，以生长二氧化硅膜
【用途六】
用作冷冻剂
【用途七】
用于肥料，并用于医药
【用途八】
用于环境监测及分析测试中的质量保证和质量控制，也可用于仪器校准、方法验证和技术仲裁。液氨可作肥料使用，它的含氮量为82.3%。在化学工业中用于制造尿素、氯化铵、硝酸铵、硝酸、丙烯腈、致冷剂等。染料工业用于制造二氨基蒽醌。塑料工业用于制造尼龙1010、氨基塑料。医药工业用于制造安乃近、安基比林。国防工业用作火箭、导弹的推进剂和氧化剂。
【用途九】
用作致冷剂及制取铵盐和氮肥。用于ICP-AES、AAS、AFS、ICP-MS、离子色谱等。滴定分析用标准溶液。

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[ 密度 ]:
1.023 g/mL at 25 °C

[ 沸点 ]:
-33.4±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
−78 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
H₃N

[ 分子量 ]:
17.031

[ 闪点 ]:
52 °F

[ 精确质量 ]:
17.026548

[ PSA ]:
3.24000

[ LogP ]:
0.32390

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色气体(标准条件)

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
0.6 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
5992.5±0.0 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.355

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,轻装轻卸

[ 水溶解性 ]:
soluble

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: BO0875000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Ammonia

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 7664-41-7

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 62

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: H3-N

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 17.04

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: ZH

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 15 uL/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of esophagus

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 20 ppm

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - ulcerated nasal septum Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - conjunctive irritation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 5000 ppm/5M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 132 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2000 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4230 ppm/1H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - ataxia

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 7 gm/m3/1H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral - excitement

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 7 gm/m3/1H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral - excitement

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: 5000 ppm/5M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 ppm/6H/5D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Blood - other changes Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - amino acids (including renal excretion)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 455 mg/m3/8H/90D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 960 mg/m3/4H/17W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 711 ppm/6H/14D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 470 mg/m3/8H/90D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 470 mg/m3/8H/90D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - corneal damage Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 145 ppm/5W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 470 mg/m3/8H/90D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1680 mg/kg/24W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - rat

REFERENCE :: BZARAZ Biologicheskii Zhurnal Armenii. Biological Journal of Armenia. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.19- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(6),102,1974 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-STEL 24 mg/m3 (35 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 17 mg/m3 (25 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: AD-A094-501 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,11,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 35 ppm (27 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 25 ppm (17 mg/m3);STEL 35 ppm (24 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 40 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 50 ppm (36 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 18 mg/m3;STEL 27 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-INDIA:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 35 ppm (27 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 25 ppm (17 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 50 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 20 mg/m3;STEL 20 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 25 ppm;STEL 20 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 50 ppm (36 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 25 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 35 ppm (27 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO AMMONIA-air:10H TWA 25 ppm;STEL 35 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 05250 No. of Facilities: 115139 (estimated) No. of Industries: 363 No. of Occupations: 198 No. of Employees: 1168429 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 05250 No. of Facilities: 42116 (estimated) No. of Industries: 270 No. of Occupations: 174 No. of Employees: 805962 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 287974 (estimated)

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[ 符号 ]:

GHS05, GHS06, GHS09

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H221-H280-H314-H331-H410

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P261-P273-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P310

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Faceshields;Gloves;Goggles;half-mask respirator (US);multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US)

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
F:Flammable

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R10;R11;R23/24/25;R36/37/38;R39/23/24/25

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S26-S7-S45-S36/37/39-S16-S9-S61

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1219 3/PG 2

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
BO0875000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
3

[ 海关编码 ]:
2814100000

详细合成路线

氨上游产品

氨下游产品

1.用水吸收氨后冷却而得。市场上有钢瓶装纯的合成氨出售，因此实验室中就不再用铵盐来制备氨了。市售钢瓶装液态氨(纯度在99.8%以上)，在室温下约有压力0.8MPa，用氨瓶减压阀降至常压放出后，在一般的合成实验室中，完全可以直接使用，其中一些不重要的杂质如油气、痕量的CO2等可将氨气通过热处理过的活性炭除去。欲需要彻底干燥，可将瓶装氨气分别通过装有碱石灰或固体KOH和金属钠丝的两根0.5m长的管子。最后可让它在P2O5上通过，如果此时氨与P2O5不起反应，说明前两步干燥是有效的。

精制方法：一般市售的液氨纯度很高，杂质主要是水。水是在钢瓶进行耐压试验时带入的。其次还有微量的氧化铁等。这些杂质通过重复进行脱水蒸馏可以完全除去。在钢瓶中事先放入金属钠时，可在真空耐压反应管中蒸馏液氨，水可以彻底除去。蒸馏时接受器要充分冷却。用水反复吸收氨后冷却而得。

2.主要原料为煤（或焦炭、天然气等）、空气和水。工业化生产氨的过程一般分为造气、脱硫变换、压缩精制和合成等工序。氮和氢的混合气体加压到15MPa后，由合成塔的上部进入合成塔，经热交换器，由中心管进入接触室，自上而下地通过催化剂层，在480～520℃温度下进行下述反应：

反应后的气体（含氨12%～16%的混合气）经热交换气降低温度后，由塔底出口导出。出塔后经水冷器进一步降温，使氨液化，再经氨分离器分离出液氨。未反应的氮、氢混合气送入合成塔循环使用。

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[ 海关编码 ]: 2814100000

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