硫酸二甲酯

硫酸二甲酯用途

【用途一】
用于制造二甲基亚砜、咖啡因、可待因、香草醛、氨基比林、甲氧苄氨嘧啶以及农药乙酰甲胺磷等
【用途二】
用作测定煤焦油类的试剂，在有机合成中用作甲基取代剂，还可用作芳香族烃的溶剂
【用途三】
用作甲基化剂，用于制造二甲基亚砜、咖啡因、香草醛、氨基比林、甲氧苄氨嘧啶以及农药乙酰甲胺磷等
【用途四】
硫酸二甲酯是一种重要的有机中间体，在农药生产中主要作为甲基化试剂，在分子中引入甲基，用途很广，如杀菌剂霜脲氰、福美甲胂、田安，杀虫剂甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、胺甲硫磷、倍硫磷、抗蚜威，除草剂西草净、异丙净、扑草净、野燕枯、百草枯、环嗪酮、麦草畏、吡嘧磺隆等。
【用途五】
硫酸二甲酯是农药、染料、医药、香料工业等有机合成中广泛应用的甲基化剂。用以制造甲酯、甲醚、甲胺等。是二甲基亚砜、咖啡因、可待因、安乃近、氨基吡啉、甲氧苄氨嘧啶、香草醛以及农药乙酰甲胺磷等的原料。

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硫酸二甲酯名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
77-78-1

[ 中文名 ]:
硫酸二甲酯

[ 英文名 ]:
Dimethyl sulfate

[中文别名 ]:

硫酸甲酯

[英文别名 ]:

Sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester
dimethylsulfate
Methylsulphate
dimethyl sulafte
Sulfuricacid, dimethyl ester
Dimethyl sulfate
EINECS 201-058-1
MFCD00008416
METHYL SULFATE
Dimethylsulfaat

硫酸二甲酯物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.3±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
188.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
-32ºC

[ 分子式 ]:
C₂H₆O₄S

[ 分子量 ]:
126.132

[ 闪点 ]:
83.3±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
125.998680

[ PSA ]:
60.98000

[ LogP ]:
0.08

[ 外观性状 ]:
透明油性液体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
4.3 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.8±0.3 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.410

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、氨、食品添加剂分开存放

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable; combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases including ammonia. Moisture-sensitive.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
ethanol: 0.26 g/mL, clear, colorless | 2.8 g/100 mL (18 ºC)

硫酸二甲酯MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

硫酸二甲酯毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: WS8225000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 77-78-1

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0635994

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 116

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C2-H6-O4-S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 126.14

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: 1OSWO1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Rinsed with water

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 97 ppm/10M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 205 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 45 mg/m3/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis Blood - hemorrhage

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 140 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 280 mg/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 45 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - food intake (animal)

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 53 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 32 ppm/1H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 17 mg/m3/19W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 20 mg/kg female 15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - transplacental tumorigenesis Brain and Coverings - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

DOSE :: 100 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :: Specific locus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA inhibition

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA inhibition

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation in mammalian somatic cells

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Lung

REFERENCE :: CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,175,1980 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.52 mg/m3 (0.1 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,271,1974 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,271,1974 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2A IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,200,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 85CVA2 "Oncology 1970, Proceedings of the Tenth International Cancer Congress," Chicago, Year Book Medical Pub., 1971 Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,63,1970 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,92,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.52 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.01 ppm (0.05 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:STEL 0.01 ppm (0.05 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 0.1 mg/m3;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.52 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:.TWA 1 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 0.1 ppm;STEL 0.1 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.02 ppm (0.1 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);STEL 0.1 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO DIMETHYL SULFATE-air:8H CA TWA 0.1 ppm (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 26880 No. of Facilities: 83 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 1249 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 26880 No. of Facilities: 185 (estimated) No. of Industries: 5 No. of Occupations: 23 No. of Employees: 10481 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 2455 (estimated)

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硫酸二甲酯安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS05, GHS06, GHS08

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H301-H314-H317-H330-H341-H350

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P201-P260-P280-P301 + P310 + P330-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P308 + P313-P403 + P233

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;Goggles;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
T+:Verytoxic;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R25;R26;R34;R43;R45;R68

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S45-S53

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1595

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
WS8225000

[ 包装等级 ]:
I

[ 危险类别 ]:
6.1(a)

[ 海关编码 ]:
2920909090

硫酸二甲酯合成路线

详细合成路线

硫酸二甲酯上下游产品

硫酸二甲酯上游产品

硫酸二甲酯下游产品

硫酸二甲酯制备

硫酸二甲酯的合成方法很多，如钠盐法、无水硫酸与甲醇直接反应法、二甲醚与三氧化硫合成法、氯磺酸合成法、硫酸氢甲酯法等。但除二甲醚与三氧化硫合成法外，都存在着产品收率低，原材料消耗大、设备腐蚀严重等题。

1.工业上主要采用二甲醚和三氧化硫反应来生产硫酸二甲酯。先由甲醇脱水得到二甲醚。再将25%发烟硫酸加热蒸出三氧化硫气体，用硫酸二甲酯喷淋吸收。吸收了三氧化硫的硫酸二甲酯与二甲醚气体在合成塔反应，即生成硫酸二甲酯。工业品硫酸二甲酯的纯度≥98%。
原料消耗定额：甲醇550kg/t、发烟硫酸（25%）3000kg/t。

将适量发烟硫酸压入蒸发罐中，加热使之温度逐渐上升。当升温至140℃时，三氧化硫开始放出。待发生完毕，将蒸发罐中的剩余硫酸取走，发生的三氧化硫通入酯化罐中。再将适量的转化剂加入醚化罐，以蒸汽加热使其升温至130～140℃。同时以一定流速通入甲醇，即产生二甲醚气体。经硫酸洗涤除去水分后，流入酯化罐中。在酯化罐中，三氧化硫和二甲醚反应，产生硫酸二甲酯粗品，反应温度控制在88～92℃。将粗品硫酸二甲酯送入蒸发釜，在110～140℃，真空度94.7KPa下蒸出硫酸二甲酯，再经冷凝后收集在精酯贮罐中。蒸馏残液加氨水中和，使之生成硫酸铵，压入贮罐，为回收的副产物，用作化肥。

2.用甲醇与硫酸反应，生成硫酸氢甲酯，然后继续与甲醇反应生成二甲醚气体，与三氧化硫作用生成硫酸二甲酯：

2.制法：

于装有搅拌器、温度计、滴液漏斗的反应瓶中，加入氯磺酸200g（1.71mol），冰浴冷却至0℃，搅拌下慢慢滴加甲醇（2）54g（1.74mol）。加完后继续搅拌反应1h。加入无水氯化钙干燥。减压蒸馏，收集138～140℃/2.66kPa的馏分，得硫酸二甲酯（1）84～90g，收率80%～85%。

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硫酸二甲酯海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2920909090

[ 中文概述 ]:
2920909090 其他无机酸酯（不包括卤化氢的酯）（包括其盐及它们的卤化，磺化，硝化和亚硝化衍生物）。监管条件:无。增值税率:17.0%。退税率:9.0%。最惠国关税:6.5%。普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途

[ Summary ]:
2920909090 esters of other inorganic acids of non-metals (excluding esters of hydrogen halides) and their salts; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives。Supervision conditions:None。VAT:17.0%。Tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tariff:6.5%。General tariff:30.0%

硫酸二甲酯文献

Molecularly imprinted polymers with synthetic dummy template for simultaneously selective removal and enrichment of ginkgolic acids from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extracts.

J. Chromatogr. A. 1368 , 44-51, (2014)

Dummy molecularly imprinted polymers (DMIPs) for simultaneously selective removal and enrichment of ginkgolic acids (GAs) during the processing of Ginkgo biloba leaves have been prepared. Two dummy te...

Genome-wide profiling of in vivo RNA structure at single-nucleotide resolution using structure-seq.

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Structure-seq is a high-throughput and quantitative method that provides genome-wide information on RNA structure at single-nucleotide resolution. Structure-seq can be performed both in vivo and in vi...

Simultaneous quantification of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids in cheese by on-line static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

J. Chromatogr. A. 1408 , 22-9, (2015)

Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are the two most prevalent classes of disinfection by-products (DBPs) that are present in treated water. Four THMs and six HAAs are regulated by seve...

更多文献

硫酸二甲酯

硫酸二甲酯用途

硫酸二甲酯名称

硫酸二甲酯物理化学性质

硫酸二甲酯MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

硫酸二甲酯毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

MUTATION DATA

硫酸二甲酯安全信息

硫酸二甲酯合成路线

详细合成路线

硫酸二甲酯上下游产品

硫酸二甲酯上游产品

硫酸二甲酯下游产品

硫酸二甲酯制备

硫酸二甲酯海关

硫酸二甲酯文献

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