硫化氢
硫化氢用途
【用途一】
可用于转化硫黄和硫酸，生产硫化钠和硫氢化钠，或用于生产有机硫化合物如噻吩、硫醇和硫醚等
【用途二】
用于分离和鉴定金属离子、精制盐酸和硫酸、制元素硫
【用途三】
用于合成荧光粉，电放光、光导体、光电曝光计等的制造。有机合成还原剂。用于金属精制、农药、医药、催化剂再生。通用试剂。制取各种硫化物。
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硫化氢名称
[ CAS 号 ]:
7783-06-4
[ 中文名 ]:
氢硫酸
[ 英文名 ]:
hydrogen sulfide
[中文别名 ]:
[英文别名 ]:
- HYDROGEN SULFIDE
- sewergas
- EINECS 231-977-3
- Hepatic gas
- H2S
- stinkdamp
- Siarkowodor
- Hepatic acid
- sourgas
- MFCD00011444
硫化氢物理化学性质
[ 密度 ]:
1.19 (15ºC. vs air)
[ 沸点 ]:
−60 °C(lit.)
[ 熔点 ]:
−85 °C(lit.)
[ 分子式 ]:
H2S
[ 分子量 ]:
34.08090
[ 闪点 ]:
-82ºC
[ 精确质量 ]:
33.98770
[ PSA ]:
25.30000
[ LogP ]:
0.11280
[ 外观性状 ]:
无色气体带有强烈的臭鸡蛋气味
[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
1.19 (15 °C, vs air)
[ 蒸汽压 ]:
252 psi ( 21 °C)
[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与硝酸、强氧化剂分开存放
[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Highly flammable. May form explosive mixture with air. Note wide explosive limits. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, many metals. May react violently with metal oxides, copper, fluorine, sodium, ethanal.
硫化氢MSDS
硫化氢毒性和生态
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
- RTECS NUMBER :
- MX1225000
- CHEMICAL NAME :
- Hydrogen sulfide
- CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
- 7783-06-4
- LAST UPDATED :
- 199712
- DATA ITEMS CITED :
- 50
- MOLECULAR FORMULA :
- H2-S
- MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
- 34.08
- WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
- H2 S
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 600 ppm/30M
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- REFERENCE :
- 29ZWAE "Practical Toxicology of Plastics," Lefaux, R., Cleveland, OH, Chemical Rubber Co., 1968 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,207,1968
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - man
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5700 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - coma Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema
- REFERENCE :
- AMPMAR Archives des Maladies Professionnelles de Medecine du Travail et de Securite Sociale. (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France) V.7- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 44,483,1983
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 800 ppm/5M
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- REFERENCE :
- TABIA2 Tabulae Biologicae. (The Hague, Netherlands) V.1-22, 1925-63. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,231,1933
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 444 ppm
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased
- REFERENCE :
- LacHB# Personal Communication from H.B. Lackey, Chemical Products Div., Crown Zellerbach, Camas, WA 98607, June 9, 1978 Volume(issue)/page/year: 09JUN1978
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 634 ppm/1H
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- REFERENCE :
- AMRL** Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory Report. (Aerospace Technical Div., Air Force Systems Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433) Volume(issue)/page/year: TR-72-62,1972
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - species unspecified
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 800 ppm/5M
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- REFERENCE :
- AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 138,65,1928 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1200 mg/m3/2H/5D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase
- REFERENCE :
- GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 14(1),54,1970
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 100 ppm/8H/5W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - cytochrome oxidases (including oxidative phosphorylation)
- REFERENCE :
- TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,270,1993
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 80 ppm/6H/90D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
- REFERENCE :
- TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,63,1983
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 80 ppm/6H/90D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death
- REFERENCE :
- TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,63,1983
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 40 mg/m3/5H/30W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - conjunctive irritation
- REFERENCE :
- VEOFA6 Vestnik Oftal'mologii. (Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, ul. B. Yakimanka, 39, 117049 Moscow, Russia) V.1-34, 1884-1917; New Series V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year: 78(1),36,1965 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- DOSE :
- 20 ppm
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 6-22 day(s) after conception lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth
- REFERENCE :
- TIHEEC Toxicology and Industrial Health. (Princeton Scientific Pub. Co., POB 2155, Princeton, NJ 08540) V.1- 1985- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,389,1990 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-STEL 21 mg/m3 (15 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 14 mg/m3 (10 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CMTVAS Cahiers de Medecine du Travail. (Association Professionnelle Belge des Medecine du Travail, rue du Bultia, 6280 Gerpinnes, Belgium) V.1- 1963- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(3),49,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JOCMA7 Journal of Occupational Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.1-9, 1957-67. For publisher information, see:JJOMDZ Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,431,1962 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 10 ppm (15 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,132,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):CL 20 ppm;Pk 50/10M CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 10 ppm (15 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 10 ppm (15 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 10 ppm (15 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 10 ppm (14 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 ppm (14 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (21 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 10 ppm (14 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (21 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 10 ppm (15 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 10 ppm (15 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 5 ppm (7 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (14 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 10 ppm (15 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 10 mg/m3;STEL 20 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 10 ppm (14 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 10 ppm (15 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 10 ppm (15 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 10 ppm;STEL 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 10 ppm (14 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (20 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 10 ppm (15 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:STEL 20 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 10 ppm (15 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 10 ppm (14 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (21 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO HYDROGEN SULFIDE-air:CL 10 ppm/10M REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 38620 No. of Facilities: 745 (estimated) No. of Industries: 17 No. of Occupations: 30 No. of Employees: 15422 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 38620 No. of Facilities: 1524 (estimated) No. of Industries: 31 No. of Occupations: 77 No. of Employees: 94923 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 6515 (estimated)
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硫化氢安全信息
[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
T+: Very toxic;F+: Highly flammable;N: Dangerous for the environment;
[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R12
[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S9-S16-S36-S38-S45-S61
[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1053 2.3
[ WGK德国 ]:
2
[ RTECS号 ]:
MX1225000
[ 危险类别 ]:
2.3
[ 海关编码 ]:
2830909000
硫化氢合成路线
硫化氢上下游产品
硫化氢上游产品
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硫化氢制备
1.将20%～30%磷酸慢慢地从分液漏斗滴到Na2S?9RO浓水溶液中，将所产生的气体经无水氯化钙与五氧化二磷干燥，制得硫化氢气体，经液化压入钢瓶。
2.用硫黄和氢直接合成制得硫化氢纯度高
图XVI-3 制备硫化氢的装置
纯氢减压后进入干燥器进一步纯化，然后经计量进入反应器底部与硫黄直接接触反应，生成硫化氢，硫化氢经洗涤器洗涤，再进入硫蒸气冷凝器将其中剩余的硫蒸气冷凝下来。纯净的硫化氢气体经压机压缩后进入硫化氢冷凝器，液体硫化氢收集在贮罐中。
用硫化钙与氯化镁反应制备液态硫化氢的反应装置如图所示，全部操作应在通风橱中进行。
图制备硫化氢的装置
A 为置于水浴中的烧瓶；B，C，D，E，F 为250mL玻璃瓶，分别装有水、饱和Ba（OH）2
(外面用冰盐冷浴)、氯化钙、五氧化二磷、玻璃棉（外面以干冰冷却）；
G为50mL试管，杜瓦瓶中为干冰乙醚冷冻剂；H为汞封；I 为出口
在发生瓶A中装入500mL饱和氯化镁溶液，并加入10g固体氯化镁和50g优质硫化钙。当混合物加热到60℃时，即可平稳和连续地产生硫化氢气体。C瓶中的氢氧化钡吸收最初产生的硫化氢，转变为硫氢化钡后，硫化氢即可通过，而其他挥发性酸性杂质则被吸收。系统中空气未排尽前可使气体不通过汞封H，以加快排空气的过程。反应一段时间后在试管G中即有液态硫化氢凝聚。
3.硫化铝水解法：在烧瓶中放入适量硫化铝固体，从滴液漏斗中慢慢滴入水，即可顺利地产生十分纯的硫化氢气体。
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硫化氢海关
[ 海关编码 ]: 2830909000
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