氯乙酸
氯乙酸用途
用作聚酰胺的优良阻燃剂，PVC中代替部分三氧化二锑阻燃消烟，润滑性好
【用途二】
染料工业用于生产靛蓝染料，医药工业用于合成咖啡因、巴比妥、肾上腺素等，农药工业用于制造乐果、除草剂等
【用途三】
氯乙酸是一种有机化工原料，在农药生产上广泛应用，可用于合成有机磷杀虫剂乐果、氧乐果的中间体氯乙酸甲酯，喹硫磷的中间体2-羟基喹啉，除草剂2，4-滴、2，4-滴丁酯、2甲4氯、草甘膦、唑吡嘧黄隆(imazosulfuron)以及植物生长调节剂萘乙酸等。也用于染料、医药、树脂及其他有机合成。
【用途四】
用于广泛的有机合成原料。染料工业用于生产靛蓝、萘氨基乙酸类染料；在制药工业用于合成咖啡因、巴比妥、肾上腺素、维生素B6、氨基乙酸、丙二酸酯等药物和中间体；在农药工业用于生产除草剂2,4-D、丁酯、2,4,5-T、硫氰乙酸、α-萘乙酸、草甘磷、甲草胺、乙草胺、丁草胺及杀虫剂乐果等20多种农药；在合成纤维工业用于生产羧甲基纤维素（CMC）和有色金属浮选剂Z-200＃，还可用作色层分析试剂等，也可用于食品添加剂、洗涤剂、冷烫精等产品。详见本条附表氯乙酸系列产品。
氯乙酸名称
[ CAS 号 ]:
79-11-8
[ 中文名 ]:
氯乙酸
[ 英文名 ]:
Chloroacetic acid
[中文别名 ]:
[英文别名 ]:
- Acetic acid,chloro
- Monochloroethanoic acid
- Acide chloracetique
- 2 chloroacetate
- 2-chloro acetic acid
- Monochloressigsaeure
- Chloracetic acid
- Chloroethanoic acid
- EINECS 201-178-4
- MFCD00002683
氯乙酸物理化学性质
[ 密度 ]:
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
[ 沸点 ]:
189.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
[ 熔点 ]:
61 °C
[ 分子式 ]:
C2H3ClO2
[ 分子量 ]:
94.497
[ 闪点 ]:
71.5±19.8 °C
[ 精确质量 ]:
93.982155
[ PSA ]:
37.30000
[ LogP ]:
-0.05
[ 外观性状 ]:
白色片状
[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
3.26 (vs air)
[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.3±0.7 mmHg at 25°C
[ 折射率 ]:
1.438
[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、碱类分开存放
[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Deliquescent. Incompatible with strong bases, alkalies, most common metals, strong oxidizing agents.
[ 水溶解性 ]:
SOLUBLE
氯乙酸MSDS
氯乙酸毒性和生态
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
- RTECS NUMBER :
- AF8575000
- CHEMICAL NAME :
- Acetic acid, chloro-
- CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
- 79-11-8
- BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
- 0605438
- LAST UPDATED :
- 199710
- DATA ITEMS CITED :
- 25
- MOLECULAR FORMULA :
- C2-H3-Cl-O2
- MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
- 94.50
- WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
- QV1G
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 55 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 180 mg/m3
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 16600 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 250 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 9750 mg/kg/13W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Cardiac - other changes Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Related to Chronic Data - death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 20800 ug/m3/17W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 13 gm/kg/13W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Liver - other changes Liver - changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data - death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 3840 mg/kg/16D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - ataxia Related to Chronic Data - death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - guinea pig
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 20800 ug/m3/17W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 100 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Liver - tumors
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1300 mg/kg/65W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
MUTATION DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Sister chromatid exchange
- TEST SYSTEM :
- Rodent - hamster Ovary
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 160 mg/L
- REFERENCE :
- EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW APTOA6 Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. (Copenhagen, Denmark) V.1-59, 1945-86. For publisher information, see PHTOEH Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,13,1955 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.3 ppm;STEL 1 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 18070 No. of Facilities: 1196 (estimated) No. of Industries: 9 No. of Occupations: 14 No. of Employees: 4726 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 18070 No. of Facilities: 265 (estimated) No. of Industries: 12 No. of Occupations: 20 No. of Employees: 10912 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1723 (estimated)
氯乙酸安全信息
[ 符号 ]:
GHS02, GHS07
[ 信号词 ]:
Danger
[ 危害声明 ]:
H225-H315
[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P403 + P235
[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
T:Toxic
[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R25;R34;R50
[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S23-S37-S45-S61-S36-S26-S16
[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1751 6.1/PG 2
[ WGK德国 ]:
2
[ RTECS号 ]:
AF8575000
[ 包装等级 ]:
II
[ 危险类别 ]:
6.1
[ 海关编码 ]:
29154000
氯乙酸合成路线
氯乙酸上下游产品
氯乙酸上游产品
氯乙酸下游产品
氯乙酸制备
1.工业生产氯乙酸有三种主要方法。
（1）乙酸氯化法是在碘、磷、硫或磷和硫的卤化物等催化剂存在下，用氯气将乙酸直接氯化而得。除生成氯乙酸外，还有深度氯化的副产物如二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸。此法原料消耗较低，工艺简单，氯乙酸产率可达92%。
（2）三氯乙烯水合法是以93%的硫酸为催化剂，反应温度约160-180℃。此法可得高纯度的氯乙酸，产率可达90%，但副产盐酸较多。
（3）氯乙醇氧化法是在60℃用60%的硝酸氧化，氯乙酸收率超过90%。在北美洲以乙酸氯化法为主，西欧以三氯乙烯水合法为主。我国采用乙酸氯化法生产：将定量的冰醋酸加入反应锅，以冰醋酸重量的3.5%硫黄粉作催化剂，预热至90℃以上，开始通入适量的氯气，两只反应锅串联通氯，主锅控制温度为98±2℃，副锅为85-90℃，通氯速度约70kg/h，待反应锅内物料的相对密度为1.350（80℃）时，即反应到达终点。将反应物抽至酸罐，冷却结晶，液相为少量乙酸、二氯乙酸、氯化硫和少量氯乙酸，分离出结晶体，再在38℃以下把母液抽尽即为成品。每吨产品约产生150公斤母液，可进一步氯化制成二氯乙酸、二氯乙酸甲酯及氯仿。三氯乙烯水合法同时进行水的加成和水解：反应温度160-180℃，反应中硫酸浓度应保持在93%，控制三氯乙烯和水的比例。硫酸消耗不超过50kg，副产30%的盐酸2.57t。工业品氯乙酸为无色或略带淡黄色结晶体。原料消耗定额：冰醋酸（98%）730kg/t、氯气860kg/t、硫磺26kg/t。
精制方法：用氯仿、四氯化碳、苯或水重结晶后，放入真空干燥器中用五氧化二磷或浓硫酸干燥。若需进一步纯化可在硫酸镁存在下蒸馏。馏出物熔化后分步结晶，产品在真空或干燥氮气中贮存。
（4）在乙酸酐存在下往乙酸中通入氯气即可制取氯乙酸：
经蒸馏精制即得氯乙酸成品。
（5）取工业氯乙酸于35～40℃下放置约半个月，渗析出结晶中的液态乙酸和二氯乙酸，然后溶于苯中，蒸出部分苯，停止加热后冷却重结晶，过滤结晶，以去除三氯乙酸，用苯和少量乙醚洗涤，即得无水纯氯乙酸。
2.制法：
于装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝器（连一道气管至氯化氢气体吸收装置）、通气导管（伸入瓶底）的反应瓶（预先称重）中，加入冰醋酸（2）150g（2.5mol），红磷6g，加热至100℃，慢慢通入氯气，保持反应℃在105～110℃之间。直至质量增加约85g，大约需要5h。蒸馏，先收集沸点较低的乙酰氯和未反应的乙酸，再收集150～200℃的馏分。此馏分的液体冷却后固化。尽可能的倾去未固化的液体，将固体物重新蒸馏，收集182～192℃的馏分，冷却后固化mp63℃，得氯乙酸（1）150～175g，收率64%～74%。
氯乙酸海关
[ 海关编码 ]: 29154000
氯乙酸文献
Sci. Rep. 5 , 16369, (2015)
Carboxylic acid functionalized graphene oxide-copper (II) sulfide nanoparticle composite (GO-COOH-CuS) was prepared from carboxylated graphene oxide and copper precursor in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) b...
Stable chlorine isotope analysis of chlorinated acetic acids using gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectrometry.Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 29 , 2341-8, (2015)
The environmental occurrence of chlorinated acetic acids (CAAs) has been extensively studied, but the sources and transport are still not yet fully understood. A promising approach for source apportio...
Side selective surface modification of chitin nanofibers on anionically modified cotton fabrics.Carbohydr. Polym. 109 , 56-63, (2014)
Chitin nanofibers have been prepared from crab shell as a chitin source using ultrasound assisted fibrillation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) study showed that the prepared nanofibers were having diam...
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