1404-90-6

• 常用中文名：万古霉素
• 常用英文名：Vancomycin
• CAS号：1404-90-6
• 分子式：C₆₆H₇₅Cl₂N₉O₂₄
• 分子量：1449.25
• 相关类别： 原料药 抗生素类药物 多肽类药
• 发布时间：2018-08-04 23:12:46
• 更新时间：2024-01-02 15:40:58
• 【用途一】
  万古霉素通过抑制细菌的生长和繁殖来杀死细菌。这种药物通过干扰细菌细胞壁结构中的一种关键组分来干扰细胞壁的合成，抑制细胞壁中磷脂和多肽的生成。万古霉素主要用在四个方面的感染治疗：首先是耐药菌感染的治疗；另外也用在难辨梭菌酿成的抗生素耐药性的伪膜性肠炎的治疗；万古霉素还可以用于治疗结肠炎和肠道炎症；万古霉素还经常用于安装心脏导管、静脉导管等装置时的预防感染。万古霉素可以单独用药，也可以联合用药。
  【用途二】
  为窄谱抗生素，仅对革兰阳性菌有效，如溶血性链球菌、肺炎球菌、淋球菌及肠球菌等均属敏感，对耐药金葡菌本品尤为敏感。其作用机制是抑制细菌细胞壁的合成，它主要和细菌细胞壁结合，而使某些氨基酸不能进入细胞壁的糖肽中。 敏感革兰阳性菌所致菌血症、心内膜炎、骨髓炎、肺炎、肺脓肿、软组织感染、脑膜炎等。口服用于难辨梭菌所致伪膜性肠炎。

名称

• 中文名: 万古霉素
• 英文名: Vancomycin
• 英文别名: (1S,2R,18R,19R,22S,25R,28R,40S)-22-(2-Amino-2-oxoethyl)-48-{[(5ξ)-2-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-methyl-α-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-β-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy}-5,15-dichloro-2,18,32,35,37-pentahydr oxy-19-[(N-methyl-D-leucyl)amino]-20,23,26,42,44-pentaoxo-7,13-dioxa-21,24,27,41,43-pentaazaoctacyclo[26.14.2.2.2.1.1.0.0]pentaconta-3,5,8(48),9,11,14,16,29(45), 30,32,34,36,38,46,49-pentadecaene-40-carboxy; MFCD05664587; EINECS 215-772-6

物化性质

• 密度: 1.65 g/cm3
• 分子式: C₆₆H₇₅Cl₂N₉O₂₄
• 分子量: 1449.25
• PSA: 530.49000
• LogP: 4.73460
• 外观性状: 近乎于白色粉末
• 储存条件: -20℃

生物活性

• 描述: Vancomycin是用于治疗细菌感染的抗生素。
• 相关类别:
  信号通路 >> 抗感染 >> 细菌
  研究领域 >> 感染
• 体外研究: 万古霉素是一种大的糖肽化合物,分子量为1450 Da [1]。万古霉素是一种独特的糖肽,在结构上与任何目前可用的抗生素无关。它还具有抑制易感细菌的细胞壁合成的第二阶段的独特作用模式。万古霉素对大量革兰氏阳性细菌有活性,例如金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus),金黄色葡萄球菌(Staph)。表皮葡萄球菌无乳链球菌博维斯,Str。变形链球菌,草绿色链球菌,肠球菌[2]。
• 体内研究: 万古霉素静脉内给药,标准输注时间至少为1小时,以最大限度地减少输注相关的不良反应。具有正常肌酸酐清除率的受试者,万古霉素具有30分钟至1小时的α-分布期和6-12小时的β-消除半衰期。分布容积为0.4-1L/kg。万古霉素与蛋白质的结合范围为10％至50％。影响万古霉素总活性的因素包括其组织分布,接种量和蛋白结合效应[1]。感染小鼠的万古霉素治疗与改善临床,腹泻和组织病理学评分以及治疗期间的存活率相关[3]。
• 动物实验: 小鼠：进行一组实验，其中感染的小鼠每天用万古霉素（50mg / kg）治疗1,2,3或5天，并在感染后观察21天或每天用万古霉素（20mg / kg）观察持续5天或10天，并在感染后监测15天[3]。
• 参考文献:

  [1]. Rybak MJ, et al. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of vancomycin. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Jan 1;42 Suppl 1:S35-9.

  [2]. Watanakunakorn C, et al. Mode of action and in-vitro activity of vancomycin. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1984 Dec;14 Suppl D:7-18.

  [3]. Warren CA, et al. Vancomycin treatment's association with delayed intestinal tissue injury, clostridial overgrowth, and recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Feb;57(2):689-96.

毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION RTECS NUMBER : YW4375000 CHEMICAL NAME : Vancomycin CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 1404-90-6 LAST UPDATED : 199612 DATA ITEMS CITED : 12 MOLECULAR FORMULA : C66-H75-Cl2-N9-O24 MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 1449.40 HEALTH HAZARD DATA ACUTE TOXICITY DATA TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - infant DOSE/DURATION : 119 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis REFERENCE : JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,83,1996 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman DOSE/DURATION : 15 mg/kg/90M-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, allergic (after systemic exposure) REFERENCE : NEJMAG New England Journal of Medicine. (Massachusetts Medical Soc., 10 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115) V.198- 1928- Volume(issue)/page/year: 313,756,1985 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman DOSE/DURATION : 170 mg/kg/19D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Blood - agranulocytosis REFERENCE : CMAJAX Canadian Medical Association Journal. (Canadian Medical Assoc., POB 8650, Ottawa, ON K1G 0G8, Canada) V.1- 1911- Volume(issue)/page/year: 132,39,1985 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - infant DOSE/DURATION : 295 mg/kg/3D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - interstitial nephritis REFERENCE : JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,285,1992 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Multiple routes SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman DOSE/DURATION : 30 mg/kg/2D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure) REFERENCE : AIMEAS Annals of Internal Medicine. (American College of Physicians, 4200 Pine St., Philadelphia, PA 19104) V.1- 1927- Volume(issue)/page/year: 115,410,1991 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 1734 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : 85FZAT "Index of Antibiotics from Actinomycetes," Umezawa, H. et al., eds., Tokyo, Univ. of Tokyo Press, 1967 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,675,1967 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 5 gm/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : 85GDA2 "CRC Handbook of Antibiotic Compounds," Vols.1- , Berdy, J., Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,315,1980 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 430 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : JANTAJ Journal of Antibiotics. (Japan Antibiotics Research Assoc., 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141, Japan) V.2-5, 1948-52; V.21- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 43,913,1990 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA ** TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 640 mg/kg/4D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition REFERENCE : NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42,200,1995 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW DICPBB Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy. (POB 42435, Cincinnati, OH 45242) V.3- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,520,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AJMEAZ American Journal of Medicine. (Technical Pub., 875 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,409,1965 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3663 No. of Facilities: 324 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 7 No. of Employees: 14913 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 13290 (estimated)

安全

• 海关编码: 3004209090

合成路线

101485-50-1 755033-86-4 ~% 1404-90-6

文献：Journal of the American Chemical Society, , vol. 127, # 30 p. 10747 - 10752

216668-88-1 ~79% 1404-90-6

文献：Thompson, Christopher; Ge, Min; Kahne, Daniel Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1999 , vol. 121, # 6 p. 1237 - 1244

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