毒理学数据:
1.急性毒性
LD50：350mg/kg（大鼠经口）
LC50：4230ppm（小鼠吸入，1h）；2000ppm（大鼠吸入，4h）
2.刺激性 家兔经眼：100mg，重度刺激。
3.亚急性与慢性毒性 大鼠，20mg/m3，每天24h，84d，或每天5~6h，7个月，出现神经系统功能紊乱。
4.致突变性 微生物致突变性：大肠杆菌1500ppm（3h）。细胞遗传学分析：大鼠吸入19800μg/m3（16周）。
5.其他
LCLo：5000ppm（人吸入，5min）
TDLo：0.15ml/kg（人经口）
生态学数据:
1.生态毒性
LC50：＞3.58mg/L（24h）（彩鲑，已受精的）；＞3.58mg/L（24h）（彩鲑，幼年的）；0.068mg/L（24h）（彩鲑，85天的鱼苗）；0.097mg/L（24h）（彩鲑，成年的）；24mg/L（48h）（水蚤）
2.生物降解性 暂无资料
3.非生物降解性 能被臭氧氧化，反应速度与氨的浓度成正比例关系，当pH值为7~9时，OH-反应有催化作用。
4.其他有害作用 该物质对环境有严重危害，应特别注意对地表水、土壤、大气和饮用水的污染。
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
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RTECS NUMBER :
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BO0875000
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CHEMICAL NAME :
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Ammonia
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
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7664-41-7
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LAST UPDATED :
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199712
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DATA ITEMS CITED :
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62
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MOLECULAR FORMULA :
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H3-N
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
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17.04
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WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
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ZH
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Oral
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human - man
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DOSE/DURATION :
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15 uL/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of esophagus
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human
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DOSE/DURATION :
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20 ppm
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - ulcerated nasal septum Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - conjunctive irritation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi
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TYPE OF TEST :
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LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human
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DOSE/DURATION :
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5000 ppm/5M
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
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TYPE OF TEST :
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LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Unreported
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human - man
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DOSE/DURATION :
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132 mg/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
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TYPE OF TEST :
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LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - rat
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DOSE/DURATION :
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2000 ppm/4H
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
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TYPE OF TEST :
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LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - mouse
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DOSE/DURATION :
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4230 ppm/1H
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - ataxia
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TYPE OF TEST :
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LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Mammal - cat
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DOSE/DURATION :
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7 gm/m3/1H
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral - excitement
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TYPE OF TEST :
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LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - rabbit
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DOSE/DURATION :
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7 gm/m3/1H
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral - excitement
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TYPE OF TEST :
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LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Mammal - species unspecified
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DOSE/DURATION :
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5000 ppm/5M
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - rat
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DOSE/DURATION :
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300 ppm/6H/5D-I
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Blood - other changes Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - amino acids (including renal excretion)
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - rat
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DOSE/DURATION :
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455 mg/m3/8H/90D-I
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Related to Chronic Data - death
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - rat
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DOSE/DURATION :
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960 mg/m3/4H/17W-I
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - mouse
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DOSE/DURATION :
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711 ppm/6H/14D-I
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Mammal - dog
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DOSE/DURATION :
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470 mg/m3/8H/90D-I
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - rabbit
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DOSE/DURATION :
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470 mg/m3/8H/90D-I
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - corneal damage Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Mammal - pig
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DOSE/DURATION :
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145 ppm/5W-C
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Behavioral - food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - guinea pig
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DOSE/DURATION :
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470 mg/m3/8H/90D-I
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data - death
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Oral
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - rat
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DOSE/DURATION :
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1680 mg/kg/24W-C
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors
MUTATION DATA
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TEST SYSTEM :
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Rodent - rat
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REFERENCE :
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BZARAZ Biologicheskii Zhurnal Armenii. Biological Journal of Armenia. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.19- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(6),102,1974 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-STEL 24 mg/m3 (35 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 17 mg/m3 (25 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: AD-A094-501 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,11,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 35 ppm (27 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 25 ppm (17 mg/m3);STEL 35 ppm (24 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 40 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 50 ppm (36 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 18 mg/m3;STEL 27 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-INDIA:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 35 ppm (27 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 25 ppm (17 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 50 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 20 mg/m3;STEL 20 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 25 ppm;STEL 20 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 50 ppm (36 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 25 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 35 ppm (27 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO AMMONIA-air:10H TWA 25 ppm;STEL 35 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 05250 No. of Facilities: 115139 (estimated) No. of Industries: 363 No. of Occupations: 198 No. of Employees: 1168429 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 05250 No. of Facilities: 42116 (estimated) No. of Industries: 270 No. of Occupations: 174 No. of Employees: 805962 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 287974 (estimated)
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