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产品名：青霉素G
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61-33-6

61-33-6结构式

常用中文名：青霉素
常用英文名：Penicillin-G
CAS号：61-33-6
分子式：C₁₆H₁₈N₂O₄S
分子量：334.390
相关类别：原料药抗生素类药物青霉素类药
发布时间：2018-02-04 08:00:00
更新时间：2026-07-01 20:23:42
青霉素G是一种有效的青霉素抑制剂。青霉素G可用于细菌感染[1]。
青霉素属窄谱的杀菌性抗生素，抗菌作用很强。青霉素对多种革兰阳性菌(包括链球菌、肺炎球菌、敏感的葡萄球菌和杆菌)、部分革兰阴性球菌(包括脑膜炎球菌、淋球菌)、螺旋体和放线菌有强大抗菌活性，对革兰阳性杆菌包括白喉杆菌、炭疽杆菌及革兰阳性厌氧杆菌，如破伤风杆菌、产气荚膜杆菌等敏感; 但对革兰阴性杆菌作用很弱，对结核杆菌、立克次体、病毒等无效。
青霉素是细菌繁殖期杀菌剂，主要通过干扰细菌细胞壁的合成而产生抗菌作用。它能抑制细菌细胞壁的基础成分黏肽的合成，造成细胞壁缺损，使水分渗入细菌胞浆，导致菌体肿胀、变形，最后裂解而死亡。由于革兰阳性菌的细胞壁黏肽含量较革兰阴性菌高，所以对前者作用较强。人和动物的细胞没有细胞壁，所以青霉素对其几乎无毒性。
临床上主要用于革兰阳性菌引起的各种感染，如败血症、肺炎、肾炎、乳腺炎、子宫内膜炎、创伤感染、猪丹毒、猪淋巴结肿胀、兔和禽葡萄球菌病、链球菌病、炭疽、恶性水肿、气肿疽、马腺疫等。青霉素也可用于治疗放线菌及钩瑞螺旋体病。青霉素还可局部应用，如乳管内、子宫内及关节腔内注入，以治疗乳房炎、子宫内膜炎及关节炎等。另外，我国有人与链霉素合用，注射产后亲鱼，防治继发性感染。青霉素也用于治疗肠球菌感染性心包炎、梭状芽胞杆菌所致的破伤风和气性坏疽、流行性脑脊髓炎、李氏杆菌病等。在手术或术后，为了预防炎症的发生，青霉素也作为首选药物。
本品不耐酸，也不耐酶，不宜内服给药。在水溶液中稳定性差，降解迅速，禽病防治一般不宜采用自由混饮给药，但可采用“口渴法”混饮给药，用于肠道局部感染，如坏死性肠炎、溃疡性肠炎，球虫病以及病毒性疾病的继发细菌感染。
青霉素属窄谱的杀菌性抗生素，抗菌作用很强。青霉素对多种革兰阳性菌(包括链球菌、肺炎球菌、敏感的葡萄球菌和杆菌)、部分革兰阴性球菌(包括脑膜炎球菌、淋球菌)、螺旋体和放线菌有强大抗菌活性，对革兰阳性杆菌包括白喉杆菌、炭疽杆菌及革兰阳性厌氧杆菌，如破伤风杆菌、产气荚膜杆菌等敏感; 但对革兰阴性杆菌作用很弱，对结核杆菌、立克次体、病毒等无效。
青霉素是细菌繁殖期杀菌剂，主要通过干扰细菌细胞壁的合成而产生抗菌作用。它能抑制细菌细胞壁的基础成分黏肽的合成，造成细胞壁缺损，使水分渗入细菌胞浆，导致菌体肿胀、变形，最后裂解而死亡。由于革兰阳性菌的细胞壁黏肽含量较革兰阴性菌高，所以对前者作用较强。人和动物的细胞没有细胞壁，所以青霉素对其几乎无毒性。
临床上主要用于革兰阳性菌引起的各种感染，如败血症、肺炎、肾炎、乳腺炎、子宫内膜炎、创伤感染、猪丹毒、猪淋巴结肿胀、兔和禽葡萄球菌病、链球菌病、炭疽、恶性水肿、气肿疽、马腺疫等。青霉素也可用于治疗放线菌及钩瑞螺旋体病。青霉素还可局部应用，如乳管内、子宫内及关节腔内注入，以治疗乳房炎、子宫内膜炎及关节炎等。另外，我国有人与链霉素合用，注射产后亲鱼，防治继发性感染。青霉素也用于治疗肠球菌感染性心包炎、梭状芽胞杆菌所致的破伤风和气性坏疽、流行性脑脊髓炎、李氏杆菌病等。在手术或术后，为了预防炎症的发生，青霉素也作为首选药物。
本品不耐酸，也不耐酶，不宜内服给药。在水溶液中稳定性差，降解迅速，禽病防治一般不宜采用自由混饮给药，但可采用“口渴法”混饮给药，用于肠道局部感染，如坏死性肠炎、溃疡性肠炎，球虫病以及病毒性疾病的继发细菌感染。

中文名	青霉素
英文名	benzylpenicillin
中文别名	BIOTIN标记的青霉素G抗体苯氧甲基青霉素杂质A 苯氧甲基青霉素杂质1(苯氧甲基青霉素杂质A)(无游离,见钾盐CCAD300359) 盘尼西林 AP标记的青霉素G抗体青霉素(游离态,非钾盐) 青霉素 G 苄青霉素钾盐苄基青霉素青霉素V杂质1 AE标记的青霉素G抗体青霉素V杂质1(青霉素V杂质A) 青霉素(冷藏) 苄青霉素青霉G HRP标记的青霉素G抗体 (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-二甲基-6-(2-苯乙酰氨基)-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-甲酸
英文别名	Specilline G (phenylmethyl)-penicilli 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]htane-2-cboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(phenylacetyl)amino]- [2S-(2α,5α,6β)] benzyl penicillin freenicillinii Phenylacetyl-6-aminopenicillanic acid benzyl-6-aminopenicillinicacid (phenylmethyl)penicillin 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]htane-2-cboxylicacid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]- (2S,5R,6R) freenicilling Penicillin（free，not its kalium salt） henylacetamido) (2S,5R,6R)-6-[(E)-(1-Hydroxy-2-phenylethylidene)amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid BENZYLPENICILLIN POTASSIUM 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]htane-2-cboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenylacetamido)- (8CI) Pencillin G benzopenicillin Ursopen PENICILLIN G K-SALT (phenylmethyl)penicillinicacid (phenylmethyl)-penicillinicaci BENZYLPENICILLIN POTASSIUM SALT gelacillin Penicillin G (6CI) (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid BENZYLPENICILLIN EINECS 204-038-0 BENZYLPENICILLIN, K Penicillin G -6 For Bactericidal Antibiotic (6R)-6-(Phenylacetylamino)penicillanic acid (2S,6R)-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenylacetamido)-4-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[3.2.0]htane-2-cboxylicacid 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo3.2.0htane-2-cboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(phenylacetyl)amino- (2S,5R,6R) pencilling cilloral MFCD00036193 enylacetamido) PENICILIN freebenzylpenicillin cosmopen dropcillin cilopen Penicillin G abbocillin [2S-(2a,5a,6b)]-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic Acid Penicillinic acid, (phenylmethyl) 6-(2-phenylacetamido)penicillanic acid PENICILLIN G POTASSIUM 3,3-DIMETHYL-4-THIA-1-AZABICYCLOHTANE-2-CBOXYLICACID PENICILLIN G BASE galofak benzyl-penicillinicaci Penicillin II phenylacetamidopenicillanicacid pradupen phmacillin penicillin G UNII-Q42T66VG0C (5r,6r)-benzylpenicillin Penicillin G //BP compocilling liquacillin benzylpenicillinicacid (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]htane-2-cboxylic acid benzylpenicilling Penicillin, (phenylmethyl) 5alpha,6beta))-nylacetyl)amino)-(2s-(2alph Benzylpenicillin for system suitability

描述	青霉素G是一种有效的青霉素抑制剂。青霉素G可用于细菌感染[1]。
相关类别	研究领域 >> 感染
参考文献	[1]. Li D, et al. Determination of penicillin G and its degradation products in a penicillin production wastewater treatment plant and the receiving river. Water Res. 2008 Jan;42(1-2):307-17.

密度	1.4±0.1 g/cm3
沸点	663.3±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
分子式	C₁₆H₁₈N₂O₄S
分子量	334.390
闪点	355.0±31.5 °C
精确质量	334.098724
PSA	112.01000
LogP	1.67
外观性状	powder
蒸汽压	0.0±2.1 mmHg at 25°C
折射率	1.655
储存条件	通风低温干燥
水溶解性	H2O: 100 mg/mL
分子结构	1、摩尔折射率：86.34 2、摩尔体积（cm³/mol）：235.1 3、等张比容（90.2K）：675.0 4、表面张力（dyne/cm）：67.8 5、极化率（10-24cm3）：34.22
计算化学	1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:无 2.氢键供体数量:2 3.氢键受体数量:5 4.可旋转化学键数量:4 5.互变异构体数量:4 6.拓扑分子极性表面积112 7.重原子数量:23 8.表面电荷:0 9.复杂度:530 10.同位素原子数量:0 11.确定原子立构中心数量:3 12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0 13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0 14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0 15.共价键单元数量:1

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: XH9400000

CHEMICAL NAME :: 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6- (2-phenylacetamido)-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 61-33-6

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0044740

LAST UPDATED :: 199612

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 24

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C16-H18-N2-O4-S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 334.42

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T45 ANV ESTJ CMV1R& F F GVQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :: 15000 units/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - changes in cochlear structure or function Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 8 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 9 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 3500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 329 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intracerebral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 5700 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 7800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intracerebral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 1118 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 4940 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intracerebral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 653 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 38 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 24 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - food intake (animal) Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 96 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - food intake (animal) Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 104 ku/kg/4D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - dehydrogenases

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 750 units/kg/5D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Immunological Including Allergic - decrease in humoral immune response Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2600 mg/kg/65W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified

TEST SYSTEM :: Microorganism - not otherwise specified

DOSE/DURATION :: 20 ug/L

REFERENCE :: AMACCQ Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. (American Soc. for Microbiology, 1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 17,572,1980 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3134 No. of Facilities: 151 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 2695 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1750 (estimated)

危害码 (欧洲)	Xn
风险声明 (欧洲)	R42/43
安全声明 (欧洲)	S36/37
WGK德国	2
RTECS号	XH9700000
海关编码	32041900

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