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1.脂肪乳化剂；保湿剂；水的软化剂；金属离子螯合剂；组织改进剂(主要用于水产调味品)，用量0.6%～1.2%；干制品；鱼糜制品，用量0.1%；冰淇淋，用量0.03%～0.1%；蛋白沉淀剂等
2.在食品工业中用作脂肪乳化剂、保湿剂、组织改进剂及蛋白沉淀剂。也作水的软化剂、金属离子螯合剂。
| 中文名 | 偏磷酸钾 |
|---|---|
| 英文名 | Potassium Metaphosphate |
| 中文别名 |
多聚磷酸钾
聚偏磷酸钾 |
| 英文别名 |
EINECS 232-212-6
Potassium oxophosphoniumdiolate MFCD00049681 Potassium metaphosphate Phosphorus(1+), diolatooxo-, potassium salt (1:1) |
| 密度 | 2,393 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| 熔点 | 807°C |
| 分子式 | KPO3 |
| 分子量 | 118.06 |
| 精确质量 | 117.922211 |
| 外观性状 | 液体 |
| 储存条件 | 储存于阴凉干燥处 |
| 稳定性 | 1.水溶液呈碱性。由于偏磷酸钾在含有钙、镁等金属离子的溶液中能迅速溶解,用作肥料时,把它看作是水溶性的。 |
| 计算化学 | 1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:无 2.氢键供体数量:0 3.氢键受体数量:3 4.可旋转化学键数量:0 5.互变异构体数量:无 6.拓扑分子极性表面积57.2 7.重原子数量:5 8.表面电荷:0 9.复杂度:49.8 10.同位素原子数量:0 11.确定原子立构中心数量:0 12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0 13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0 14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0 15.共价键单元数量:2 |
| 更多 | 1. 性状：白色玻璃状的块或片 2. 密度（g/mL 25ºC）：2.893 3. 相对蒸汽密度（g/mL,空气=1）：未确定 4. 熔点（ºC）：807 5. 沸点（ºC，常压）：1320 6. 沸点（ºC,5.2kPa）：未确定 7. 折射率（n20/D）：未确定 8. 闪点（ºC，）：未确定 9. 比旋光度（º）：未确定 10. 自燃点或引燃温度（ºC）：未确定 11. 蒸气压（kPa,25ºC）：未确定 12. 饱和蒸气压（kPa,60ºC）：未确定 13. 燃烧热（KJ/mol）：未确定 14. 临界温度（ºC）：未确定 15. 临界压力（KPa）：未确定 16. 油水（辛醇/水）分配系数的对数值（25℃）：未确定 17. 爆炸上限（%,V/V）：未确定 18. 爆炸下限（%,V/V）：未确定 19. 溶解性(mg/mL) ：易溶于稀无机酸，微溶于冷水，不溶于乙醇。 |
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Section 1: Product Identification Chemical Name:Potassium metaphosphate, 98% CAS Registry Number:7790-53-6 Formula:KPO3 EINECS Number:232-212-6 Chemical Family:metal phosphate compound Synonym:Potassium polymetaphosphate, metaphosphoric acid potassium salt
Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients IngredientCAS NumberPercentACGIH (TWA)OSHA (PEL) Title Compound7790-53-6100%no datano data Section 3: Hazards Identification Emergency Overview:May be irritating to eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May be harmful if swallowed Primary Routes of Exposure:Contact with skin and eyes. Dust inhalation. Eye Contact:May cause slight to mild irritation of the eyes. Skin Contact:May cause slight to mild irritation of the skin. Inhalation:May be irritating to the nose, mucous membranes and respiratory tract. Ingestion:No information on the physiological effects of ingestion. Acute Health Affects:May be irritating to skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Chronic Health Affects:No information available on long-term chronic effects. NTP:No IARC:No OSHA:No SECTION 4: First Aid Measures Immediately flush the eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 10-15 minutes. A victim may need Eye Exposure: assistance in keeping their eye lids open. Get immediate medical attention. Wash the affected area with water. Remove contaminated clothes if necessary. Seek medical assistance if Skin Exposure: irritation persists. Remove the victim to fresh air. Closely monitor the victim for signs of respiratory problems, such as difficulty Inhalation: in breathing, coughing, wheezing, or pain. In such cases seek immediate medical assistance. Seek medical attention immediately. Keep the victim calm. Give the victim water (only if conscious). Induce Ingestion: vomiting only if directed by medical personnel. SECTION 5: Fire Fighting Measures Flash Point:not applicable Autoignition Temperature:none Explosion Limits:none Extinguishing Medium:none required If involved in a fire, fire fighters should be equipped with a NIOSH approved positive pressure self-contained Special Fire Fighting Procedures: breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Hazardous Combustion andNone Decomposion Products: Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards: No unusual fire or explosion hazards. SECTION 6: Accidental Release Measures Spill and Leak Procedures:Small spills can be mixed with powdered sodium carbonate or ground limestone and swept up. SECTION 7: Handling and Storage Handling and Storage:Store material in a tightly sealed bottle away from moisture. SECTION 8: Exposure Controls and Personal Protection Eye Protection:Always wear approved safety glasses when handling a chemical substance in the laboratory. Skin Protection:Wear appropriate chemical resistant gloves and protective clothing. Ventilation:If possible, handle the material in an efficient fume hood. In the absence of adequate ventilation a respirator should be worn. The use of a respiratory requires a Respirator: Respirator Protection Program to be in compliance with 29 CFR 1910.134. Ventilation:If possible, handle the material in an efficient fume hood. Additional Protection:No additional protection required. SECTION 9: Physical and Chemical Properties Color and Form:white pwdr. Molecular Weight:118.07 Melting Point:807° Boiling Point:no data Vapor Pressure:not applicable Specific Gravity:2.393 Odor:none Solubility in Water:soluble SECTION 10: Stability and Reactivity Stability:air and moisture stable Hazardous Polymerization:no hazardous polymerization Conditions to Avoid:none Incompatibility:Oxidizing agents and active metals Decomposition Products:none SECTION 11: Toxicological Information RTECS Data:No information available in the RTECS files. Carcinogenic Effects:no data Mutagenic Effects:no data Tetratogenic Effects:no data SECTION 12: Ecological Information Ecological Information:No information available SECTION 13: Disposal Considerations Disposal:Dispose of according to local, state and federal regulations. SECTION 14: Transportation Shipping Name (CFR):Non-hazardous Hazard Class (CFR):NA Additional Hazard Class (CFR):NA Packaging Group (CFR):NA UN ID Number (CFR):NA Shipping Name (IATA):Non-hazardous Hazard Class (IATA):NA Additional Hazard Class (IATA):NA Packaging Group (IATA):NA UN ID Number (IATA):NA SECTION 15: Regulatory Information TSCA:Listed in the TSCA inventory. SARA (Title 313):Title compound not listed Second Ingredient:none SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION N/A |
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毒理学数据: ADI＝0～70mg/kg
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| 危害码 (欧洲) | Xi |
|---|---|
| 安全声明 (欧洲) | S22-S24/25 |
1.一般由磷酸二氢钾加热至400～700℃ (理论上加热至200℃左右即可)并维持数小时以进行分子内脱水缩合作用。成品的聚合度取决于加热的温度和时间。为提高聚合度，亦有用850%：进行缩合。
2.磷酸二氢钾法 将食用磷酸二氢钾加入熔融聚合炉，加热至850～900℃脱水后进行熔融聚合反应，经冷却，制得食用偏磷酸钾成品。其反应式如下。
3.黄磷氯化钾法 将精制液态黄磷和粉状食用氯化钾分别用压缩空气喷入燃烧室，同时通入水蒸气，使磷充分燃烧生成五氧化二磷，氯化钾与水蒸气反应生成氧化钾和氯化氢气体，当燃烧室温度达1000～1050℃时，氧化钾与五氧化二磷反应生成熔融状偏磷酸钾，流入盘式冷却器，经冷却，制得食用偏磷酸钾成品。其反应式如下。
4. 生产偏磷酸钾的方法有S A I法、EMC法和黄磷 - 氯化钾法。
( 1)S A I法 将脱氟湿法磷酸 ( 含2 8 . 6%P 2O 5)3份 ( 质量份)和氯化钾( 含6 0%K 2O)1份相混合,料浆温度维持在6 0℃左右,不断送入转鼓式反应器中,同时将预热的0 . 5~2 mm大小的颗粒偏磷酸钾粒子,作为载热体返料加入该反应器中,料浆即包裹在偏磷酸钾粒子表面,部分被蒸发并脱除氯化氢然后进入转窑,加热至4 8 0~5 0 0℃,使反应完成。经逆流回转冷却器冷却后,得到块状易碎物,经粉碎,筛选出0 . 5~2 mm,制得工业偏磷酸钾成品,达到肥料级成品要求。其反应式如下:
H3P O 4+KC l → K P O 3+H2O+HC I
反应生成的氯化氢气体用水吸收,制得副产品工业盐酸
( 2)EMC法 先将精制湿法磷酸 ( 要求含P 2O 5 在5 0%以上)和氯化钾混合成为悬浮体,随后再进行热分解反应。为保证物料的流动性,避免结块、成团,热分解反应在2个独立的反应器中进行。加热用燃烧气与物料流动的方向相反,即先进入第二级反应器,再到第一级反应器。由于湿法磷酸中带有较多的杂质,物料在第二级反应器中呈熔融状态。反应后的熔融物料,温度在7 0 0℃以上,自反应器流出,经冷却器冷却,再粉碎成0 . 5~2 mm,制得工业偏磷酸钾成品,达到肥料级成品要求。其反应式如下:
H3P O 4+KC l → K P O 3+H2O+HC l
反应生成的氯化氢气体用水吸收成盐酸。