8001-54-5

• 常用中文名：苯扎氯铵
• 常用英文名：Benzalkonium chloride
• CAS号：8001-54-5
• 分子式：C₆H₅CH₂N(CH₃)₂RCl(R=C₈H₁₇toC₁₈H₃₇)
• 分子量：354.013
• 相关类别： 表面活性剂 阳离子表面活性剂 季铵盐型
• 发布时间：2018-02-03 08:00:00
• 更新时间：2024-01-02 14:34:35
• Benzalkonium chloride 是一种有效的抗菌剂,在滴眼液中用作防腐剂。

名称

• 中文名: 苯扎氯铵
• 英文名: benzalkonium chloride
• 英文别名: Benzenemethanaminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-tridecyl-, chloride (1:1); MFCD00050250; N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethyltridecan-1-aminium chloride; EINECS 264-151-6; N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethyl-1-tridecanaminium chloride; Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium Chloride; Benzalkonium Chloride

物化性质

• 密度: 0.98
• 沸点: >100°C/760mmHg
• 分子式: C₆H₅CH₂N(CH₃)₂RCl(R=C₈H₁₇toC₁₈H₃₇)
• 分子量: 354.013
• 精确质量: 353.284943
• LogP: 7.76610
• 外观性状: 淡黄色液体
• 储存条件:

  塑料桶包装，储存于室内阴凉通风处。

• 稳定性:

  1.是一种阳离子表面活性剂，属非氧化性杀菌剂，具有光谱、高效的杀菌能力，能有效控制水中藻繁殖和黏泥反应，并具有良好的黏泥剥离作用和一定的分散、渗透作用。

• 更多:

  1. 性状：黄白色蜡状固体或胶状体。具芳香气，味极苦

  2. 密度（g/mL 25ºC）：0.98

  3. 相对蒸汽密度（g/mL,空气=1）：未确定

  4. 熔点（ºC常压）：>100

  5. 沸点（ºC，）：未确定

  6. 沸点（ºC,5.2kPa）：未确定

  7. 折射率（n20/D）：未确定

  8. 闪点（ºC，）：未确定

  9. 比旋光度（º）：未确定

  10. 自燃点或引燃温度（ºC）：未确定

  11. 蒸气压（kPa,25ºC）：未确定

  12. 饱和蒸气压（kPa,60ºC）：未确定

  13. 燃烧热（KJ/mol）：未确定

  14. 临界温度（ºC）：未确定

  15. 临界压力（KPa）：未确定

  16. 油水（辛醇/水）分配系数的对数值（25℃）：未确定

  17. 爆炸上限（%,V/V）：未确定

  18. 爆炸下限（%,V/V）：未确定

  19. 溶解性(mg/mL) ：易溶于水，微溶于乙醇

生物活性

• 描述: Benzalkonium chloride 是一种有效的抗菌剂,在滴眼液中用作防腐剂。
• 相关类别:
  信号通路 >> 抗感染 >> 细菌
  研究领域 >> 感染
• 体外研究: 苯扎氯铵(0.0001％-0.5％)导致细胞中的剂量依赖性细胞毒性。苯扎氯铵还显示出对人角质形成细胞的细胞毒性,50μ％的存活率损失为4μM。苯扎氯铵在NHEK和NB1RGB细胞培养物中显示出不同的结果,并且ED50分别为3.9和62μM。临床使用的浓度(0.01％苯扎氯铵)显着降低细胞活力,只有14％-19％的鼻上皮细胞在治疗中存活[1]。
• 体内研究: 在光学和电子显微镜检查后,苯扎氯铵(0.02％)在猴的鼻上皮中没有引起异常。在4-5周龄SD大鼠中,0.01％和0.1％苯扎氯铵诱导鼻呼吸道上皮厚度随时间的增加[1]。
• 参考文献:

  [1]. Johnson NF. Pulmonary Toxicity of Benzalkonium Chloride. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2017 Jul 6.

MSDS

Section 1. Chemical Product and Company Identification Benzalkonium chloride Common Name/ Trade Name Benzalkonium chloride CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. Potential Chronic Health MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. Effects TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance may be toxic to kidneys, liver, heart, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, central nervous system (CNS). Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Repeated exposure of the eyes to a low level of dust can produce eye irritation. Repeated skin exposure can produce local skin destruction, or dermatitis. Repeated inhalation of dust can produce varying degree of respiratory irritation or lung damage. Section 4. First Aid Measures Eye ContactCheck for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention immediately. Skin ContactIn case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Cold water may be used.Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention immediately. Serious Skin ContactWash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medical attention. InhalationIf inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention immediately. Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or Serious Inhalation waistband. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. WARNING: It may be hazardous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when the inhaled material is toxic, infectious or corrosive. Seek immediate medical attention. IngestionDo NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Serious IngestionNot available. Section 5. Fire and Explosion Data Flammability of the Product May be combustible at high temperature. Auto-Ignition Temperature Not available. Flash PointsOPEN CUP: 250°C (482°F). Flammable LimitsNot available. Products of CombustionNot available. Fire Hazards in Presence of Slightly flammable to flammable in presence of heat. Various Substances Explosion Hazards inRisks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Presence of VariousRisks of explosion of the product in presence of static discharge: Not available. Substances Fire Fighting MediaSMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. and InstructionsLARGE FIRE: Use water spray, fog or foam. Do not use water jet. As with most organic solids, fire is possible at elevated temperatures Special Remarks on Fire Hazards Special Remarks on Explosion Fine dust dispersed in air in sufficient concentrations, and in the presences of an ignition source is a Hazardspotential dust explosion hazard. Benzalkonium chloride Section 6. Accidental Release Measures Small SpillUse appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container. Large SpillCorrosive solid. Stop leak if without risk. Do not get water inside container. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Eliminate all Section 7. Handling and Storage Keep container dry. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Do not ingest. Do not Precautions breathe dust. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, moisture. StorageKeep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Section 8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Engineering ControlsUse process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne contaminants below the exposure limit. Personal ProtectionSplash goggles. Synthetic apron. Vapor and dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves. Personal Protection in Case of Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor and dust respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus a Large Spillshould be used to avoid inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling this product. Exposure LimitsNot available. Section 9. Physical and Chemical Properties Physical state and appearance Solid. (Amorphous solid powder or lumps. OdorAromatic. Gelatinous pieces or thick gel.) TasteBitter. (Strong.) Molecular WeightNot available. White to yellowish. Color pH (1% soln/water)Not available. Boiling PointNot available. Decomposition temperature: >140°C (284°F) Melting Point Critical TemperatureNot available. 0.98 (Water = 1) Specific Gravity Vapor PressureNot applicable. Vapor DensityNot available. VolatilityNot available. Odor ThresholdNot available. Not available. Water/Oil Dist. Coeff. Ionicity (in Water)Not available. See solubility in water, acetone. Dispersion Properties SolubilityEasily soluble in cold water, hot water. Soluble in acetone. Very slightly soluble in diethyl ether. Very soluble in alcohol. Soluble in benzene. Solubility in Benzene: 1 g dissolves in 6 ml of benzene. Solubility in Ether: 1 g dissolves in 100 ml of Ether Benzalkonium chloride Section 10. Stability and Reactivity Data The product is stable. Stability Instability TemperatureNot available. Excess heat, dust generation, moisture, incompatible materials. Conditions of Instability Incompatibility with various Reactive with oxidizing agents. substances Non-corrosive in presence of glass. Corrosivity Special Remarks onHygroscopic. Also incompatible with nitrates, anion detergents Reactivity Special Remarks onNot available. Corrosivity Will not occur. Polymerization Section 11. Toxicological Information Routes of EntryInhalation. Ingestion. Toxicity to AnimalsAcute oral toxicity (LD50): 240 mg/kg [Rat]. Chronic Effects on HumansMay cause damage to the following organs: kidneys, liver, heart, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, central nervous system (CNS). Other Toxic Effects onVery hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion, . HumansHazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive), of eye contact (corrosive), of inhalation (lung corrosive). Special Remarks onNot available. Toxicity to Animals Special Remarks onMay affect genetic material (mutagenic). Chronic Effects on HumansMay cause adverse reproductive effects based on animal test data. Benzalkonium Chloride is an active ingredient in vaginal spermacides. When applied in the vagina of pregnant rats at much higher doses than those used in spermacides, it caused increased resorptions leading to fetal death, and reduced litter size and weight. No adverse reproductive effects have been reported after oral treatment of rats and guinea pigs and dermal administration to rats. Special Remarks on otherAcute Potential Health Effects: Toxic Effects on HumansSkin: Causes severe skin irritation and burns. Eyes: Causes sever eye irritation and burns. Ingestion: Harmful if swallowed. May cause severe and permanent damage to the digestive tract. Causes gastrointestinal (digestive) tract burns. May affect behavior (central nervous system depression, depression) and metabolism. May produce burning pains in the mouth, throat, and abdomen, profuse salivation, muscle weakness. May also affect the respiratory system and cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys. Inhalation: May cause severe irritation of the respiratory tract with sore throat, coughing, shortness of breath, and delayed lung edema. Causes chemical burns to the respiratory tract. Causes irritation of the mucous membranes. Chronic Potential Health Effects: May affect material (mutagenic) and may cause adverse reproductive effects. Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. Repeated or prolonged exposure may cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. May cause cyanosis of the skin and lips caused by lack of oxygen. Section 12. Ecological Information Not available. Ecotoxicity Not available. BOD5 and COD Products of BiodegradationPossibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise. Toxicity of the ProductsNot available. of Biodegradation Benzalkonium chloride Special Remarks on theNot available. Products of Biodegradation Section 13. Disposal Considerations Waste DisposalWaste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations. Section 14. Transport Information DOT ClassificationClass 8: Corrosive material CLASS 6.1: Poisonous material. UNNA: 2923 : Corrosive solid, toxic, n.o.s. (Benzalkonium Chloride) PG: II Identification Special Provisions forNot available. Transport DOT (Pictograms) Section 15. Other Regulatory Information and Pictograms Federal and StateNo products were found. Regulations California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has California Proposition 65found to cause cancer which would require a warning under the statute: No products were found. Warnings California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has found to cause birth defects which would require a warning under the statute: No products were found. Other RegulationsOSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). Canada: Listed on Canadian Domestic Substance List (DSL). China: Listed on National Inventory. Japan: Listed on National Inventory (ENCS). Korea: Listed on Natioinal Inventory (KECI). Philippines: Listed on National Inventory (PICCS). Australia: Listed on AICS. WHMIS (Canada) CLASS D-1B: Material causing immediate and serious toxic effects (TOXIC). Other Classifications CLASS E: Corrosive solid. DSCL (EEC)R21/22- Harmful in contact with skinS26- In case of contact with eyes, rinse and if swallowed.immediately with plenty of water and seek R34- Causes burns.medical advice. R50- Very toxic to aquaticS28- After contact with skin, wash organisms.immediately with plenty of water. S36/37/39- Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S45- In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible). S61- Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/Safety data sheets. Health Hazard HMIS (U.S.A.)3 National Fire Protection 1 Flammability 1 Association (U.S.A.) Fire Hazard 3 0 Reactivity Health Reactivity 0 Specific hazard Personal Protection j Benzalkonium chloride WHMIS (Canada) (Pictograms) DSCL (Europe) (Pictograms) TDG (Canada) (Pictograms) ADR (Europe) (Pictograms) Protective Equipment Gloves. Synthetic apron. Vapor and dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate. SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION N/A

毒性和生态

毒理学数据: 大鼠经口LD50：400mg/kg。 生态学数据: 有一定的腐蚀性和刺激性，刺激皮肤，严重刺激眼睛。操作人员在进行作业时应戴防护用具，避免直接接触。

安全

• 危害码 (欧洲): C;N
• 风险声明 (欧洲): R34;R50;R21/22
• 安全声明 (欧洲): S45;S61;S36/S37/S39
• 危险品运输编码: UN 3261 8/PG 3
• WGK德国: 3
• RTECS号: BO3151000

制备

1.将213 kg二甲基十二烷胺投入反应釜中，升温并开动搅拌，在40℃以下分批投入107 kg苄基氯，在50℃加热3～4 h反应毕，冷却至80℃左右出料灌装，得成品。反应式如下：

2.由十二烷基·二甲基叔胺与氯化苄季铵化缩合制得。或者采用十二醇和二甲胺为原料，在高效催化剂的作用下，催化氨化制得。