7439-92-1

• 常用中文名：铅片
• 常用英文名：Lead
• CAS号：7439-92-1
• 分子式：Pb
• 分子量：207.20000
• 相关类别： 无机化工 单质
• 发布时间：2018-02-08 08:00:00
• 更新时间：2026-07-01 23:43:56
• 1.主要用作电缆、蓄电池、铅冶炼、废杂铜冶炼、印刷、焊锡等。用于化合物半导体、致冷元件、红外光电转换器件、高效温差元件以及焊料，分析试剂、还原剂等。 2.用于制造化合物半导体、红外光电转换器件、温差元件等。还用于制备蓄电池、熔断保险丝、铅板、冶金和化工设备衬里及X射线的防护层等。用于化合物半导体、致冷元件、红外光电转换器件、高效温差元件以及焊料等。 3.用于制造化合物半导体、红外光电转换器件、温差元件等。
  4.用作分析试剂，如作还原剂，铱与铂和铷分离用试剂。蓄电池材料。X射线防护材料。合金制造。

名称

• 中文名: 铅
• 英文名: Lead
• 中文别名: 高纯铅(铅片/铅粉/铅粒)/铅片; 铅丸; 铅棒, APPROXIMATELY 1.35X2.54X30.5CM (0.53X1.0X12.0IN), 99; 铅块,6.35MM(0.25IN)DIAX6.35MM(0.25IN)LENGTH,PURATRONIC|R,(METALSBASIS); 铅带, 76.2MM (3.0IN) 宽, 0.15MM (0.006IN) 厚, 低银; 铅棒, 6.35MM (0.25IN) DIA; 水质铅标样; 铅线, 2.0MM (0.08IN) 直径, PURATRONIC; 铅线, 0.25MM (0.01IN) 直径; 铅丝, 2.0MM (0.08IN) DIA; 铅箔, 0.25MM (0.01IN) 厚, PURATRONIC; 铅箔,0.25MM(0.01IN)THICK,PURATRONIC|R,(METALSBASIS); 铅,粒状; 铅丝, 0.75MM (0.03IN) DIA; 铅锭, ^=36MM (1.4IN) DIA X 8MM (0.3IN) THICK; 铅颗粒; 铅粉, -200 目; 铅丝,0.5MM(0.02IN)DIA,PURATRONIC|R,(METALSBASIS); 铅粒, 3MM (0.1IN); 铅,PLASMASTANDDSOLUTION,SPEURE|R,PB10,000MG/ML; 铅粉, -100目; 锑铅粒, 2MM (0.08IN); 铅,粉状; 铅箔, 1.0MM (0.04IN)厚, PURATRONIC; 铅丝, 1.0MM (0.04IN) 直径, PURATRONIC; 铅粉, MM, (IN); 铅棒, 约 1.35X2.54X30.5CM (0.53X1.0X12.0IN); 铅箔, 0.5MM (0.02IN) 厚, PURATRONIC; 电解铅,铅PB; 铅棒; 铅块, 6.35MM (0.25IN) DIA X 6.35MM (0.25IN) LENGTH, PURATR; 铅靶; 热分析标准物质(铅); 铅粉, -200 MESH; 铅丝, 0.25MM (0.01IN) DIA; 铅单元素溶液标准物质; 含杂质的铅(微量元素); 铅颗粒 最低; 铅棒, 10MM (0.39IN) 直径, PURATRONIC; 铅 锭/块, ≈36MM (1.4IN) 直径 X 8MM (0.3IN) 厚; 鉛標準液; 铅颗粒, +30 MESH; 铅棒, 6.35MM (0.25IN) 直径; 铅棒,APPROXIMATELY1.35X2.54X30.5CM(0.53X1.0X12.0IN),(METALSBASIS); 铅PB,导线; 精炼纯铅 (O); 电解精铅(微量元素); 铅线, 0.75MM (0.03IN) 直径; 铅丝; 铅箔,1.0MM(0.04IN)THICK,PURATRONIC|R,(METALSBASIS); 铅箔, 1.0MM (0.04IN) 厚, PURATRONIC; 铅棒, 5MM (0.2IN) 直径, PURATRONIC; 铅板, 6.35MM (0.25IN)厚; 铅粉; 1铅丝; 精炼铅(微量元素); 铅棒, 9.5MM (0.37IN) 直径; 电解铅
• 英文别名: Leadsticks; PTICULATELEAD; Lead wire 5N5; LEAD, WIRE, 0.5MM DIAM; Lead rod 5N; LEAD POWDER: , 2N5; Blei; LeadpowderNmesh; Thermally refined lead (trace elements); LEAD , powder -325 mesh; LeadingotN; ci77575; LEADMETAL,ANUL; Leadshot; c.i; PB STANDD; Lead with added impurities (trace elements); Lead rod 6N; Lead in Isooctane standds; lead cation; LEAD ANULES: , 5N; Electrolytically refined lead (trace elements); Lead shot, 3mm (0.1in); LeadrodNmmdiacam; Lead ingot 5N5; lead for high purity; MFCD00134050; c.i.pigmentmetal4; Refined lead (O); 38021, Electrolytically refined lead (tr ace elements); Lead wire, 2.0mm (0.08 in.) dia; LEAD, FOIL, 2.0MM THICK; Lead, powder, #325 mesh; LEAD, ANUL, CA. 30 MESH; Lead, foil, 0.25mm-0.3mm thick; Lead metal foil; LEAD-210; 94650, Lead with added impurities (trace elements); Lead solution 1000 ppm; LEADGLAZE; LEAD ANULES: , 4N; Leadpowdermesh; Lead in B5; LeadanulesNmm; LEAD, POWDER, -100 MESH; LEAD ANULATED; LEAD, FOIL, 0.127MM THICK; LeadwireNmmdiacagm; Lead in B100; Lead rod, 5mm (0.2 in.) dia; Lead (all forms); Lead solution 10 000 ppm; 62938, Lead with added impurities (trace elements); LEAD: , SHOT, CA. 3MM; LEADMETAL,SHEET; lead powder; EINECS 231-100-4; LeadanulesNmesh; Lead metal powder; Lead in B20

物化性质

• 密度: 11.340 g/cm3
• 沸点: 1740 °C(lit.)
• 熔点: 600.6 ºC
• 分子式: Pb
• 分子量: 207.20000
• 精确质量: 207.97700
• 外观性状: 灰色金属颗粒,闪光的,金属薄片,片或粉末
• 折射率: 2.881 (632.8 nm)
• 储存条件:

  应存放于清洁、干燥和无酸、碱气氛的库房内。产品在运输过程中应防雨淋和防潮，不得剧烈碰撞。

• 稳定性:

  1.常温下，化学性质稳定。在空气中变暗，有延展性。

  2.沸腾时，其蒸气有剧毒，易溶于稀硝酸，在碱溶液中能逐渐溶解并形成亚铅酸盐。可与多种; 金属共熔为合金。

• 水溶解性: H2O: soluble
• 计算化学:

  1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:无

  2.氢键供体数量:0

  3.氢键受体数量:0

  4.可旋转化学键数量:0

  5.互变异构体数量:无

  6.拓扑分子极性表面积0

  7.重原子数量:1

  8.表面电荷:0

  9.复杂度:0

  10.同位素原子数量:0

  11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

  12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

  13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

  14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

  15.共价键单元数量:1

• 更多:

  1. 性状：带蓝灰色、有金属光泽的软金属(面心立方)。

  2. 密度（g/mL,18℃）：11.343

  3. 相对蒸汽密度（g/mL,空气=1）：未确定

  4. 熔点（ºC）：327.46

  5. 沸点（ºC,常压）：1740

  6. 沸点（ºC,5.2kPa）：未确定

  7. 折射率：未确定

  8. 闪点（ºC）：未确定

  9. 比旋光度（º）：未确定

  10. 自燃点或引燃温度（ºC）：790（粉）

  11. 蒸气压（mmHg,ºC）：未确定

  12. 饱和蒸气压（kPa, 970ºC）：0.13

  13. 燃烧热（KJ/mol）：未确定

  14. 临界温度（ºC）：未确定

  15. 临界压力（KPa）：未确定

  16. 油水（辛醇/水）分配系数的对数值：未确定

  17. 爆炸上限（%,V/V）：未确定

  18. 爆炸下限（%,V/V）：未确定

  19. 溶解性：不溶于水，溶于硝酸、热浓硫酸、碱液，不溶于稀盐酸。

MSDS

第一部分：化学品名称 化学品中文名称: 铅 化学品英文名称: Lead；Lead flake CAS No.: 7439-92-1 分子式: Pb 分子量: 207.2 第二部分：成分/组成信息 化学品名称：铅 第三部分：危险性概述 侵入途径: 吸入 食入 健康危害: 损害造血、神经、消化系统及肾脏。职业中毒主要为慢性。神经系统主要表现为神经衰弱综合征、周围神经病(以运动功能受累较明显)，重者出现铅中毒性脑病。消化系统表现有齿龈铅线、食欲不振、恶心、腹胀、腹泻或便秘，腹绞痛见于中等及较重病例。造血系统损害出现卟啉代谢障碍、贫血等。短时接触大剂量可发生急性或亚急性铅中毒，表现类似重症慢性铅中毒。 环境危害: 对环境有严重危害，对水体、土壤和大气可造成污染。 燃爆危险: 本品可燃。 第四部分：急救措施 皮肤接触: 脱去污染的衣着，用肥皂水及流动清水彻底冲洗。 眼睛接触: 立即翻开上下眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。 吸入: 迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。呼吸困难时给输氧。呼吸停止时，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。 食入: 给饮足量温水，催吐，就医。 第五部分：消防措施 危险特性: 粉体在受热、遇明火或接触氧化剂时会引起燃烧爆炸。 有害燃烧产物: 氧化铅。 灭火方法及灭火剂: 干粉、砂土。 消防员的个体防护: 消防人员须佩戴防毒面具、穿全身消防服，在上风向灭火。 闪点(℃): 无资料 自燃温度(℃): 引燃温度(℃)：790(粉) 爆炸下限[%(V/V)]: 无资料 爆炸上限[%(V/V)]: 无资料 第六部分：泄漏应急处理 应急处理: 切断火源。戴好防毒面具，穿一般消防防护服。用洁净的铲子收集于干燥净洁有盖的容器中，用水泥、沥青或适当的热塑性材料固化处理再废弃。如大量泄漏，收集回收或无害处理后废弃。 第七部分：操作处置与储存 操作注意事项: 操作人员必须经过专门培训，严格遵守操作规程。建议操作人员佩戴自吸过滤式防尘口罩，戴化学安全防护眼镜，穿防毒物渗透工作服，戴乳胶手套。远离火种、热源，工作场所严禁吸烟。使用防爆型的通风系统和设备。避免产生粉尘。避免与酸类接触。搬运时要轻装轻卸，防止包装及容器损坏。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材及泄漏应急处理设备。倒空的容器可能残留有害物。 储存注意事项: 储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。应与酸类分开存放，切忌混储。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材。储区应备有合适的材料收容泄漏物。 第八部分：接触控制/个体防护 最高容许浓度: 中 国 MAC：0．03mg／m3[铅烟] 0．05mg／m3[铅尘] 前苏联MAC：0．01 工程控制: 一般不需特殊防护，但需防止烟尘危害。 呼吸系统防护: 作业工人应该佩戴防尘口罩。 眼睛防护: 必要时可采用安全面罩。 身体防护: 穿工作服。 手防护: 必要时戴防护手套。 其他防护: 工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作后，淋浴更衣。实行就业前和定期的体检。保持良好的卫生习惯。 第九部分：理化特性 外观与性状: 灰白色质软的粉末，切削面有光泽，延性弱，展性强。 熔点(℃): 327 沸点(℃): 1620 相对密度(水=1): 11．34(20℃) 饱和蒸气压(kPa): 0．13(970℃) 临界压力(MPa): 最大爆炸压力(102kPa)：0.2,最大爆炸压力上升速率(100 闪点(℃): 无资料 引燃温度(℃): 引燃温度(℃)：790(粉) 爆炸上限%(V/V): 无资料 爆炸下限%(V/V): 无资料 分子式: Pb 分子量: 207.2 溶解性: 不溶于水，溶于硝酸、热浓硫酸、碱液，不溶于稀盐酸。 主要用途: 主要用作电缆、蓄电池、铅冶炼、废杂铜冶炼、印刷、焊锡等。 第十部分：稳定性和反应活性 稳定性: 在常温常压下 稳定 禁配物: 强酸。 聚合危害: 不能出现 分解产物: 氧化铅。 第十二部分：生态学资料 生态毒理毒性: 水中浓度 0.1mg/L时，水体的生化自净能力受抑制，浓度 1mg/L时，使BOD5降低 23％。 第十四部分：运输信息 运输注意事项: 储存于阴凉、通风仓间内。远离火种、热源。保持容器密封。应与氧化剂、酸类分开存放。搬运时要轻装轻卸，防止包装及容器损坏。起运时包装要完整，装载应稳妥。运输过程中要确保容器不泄漏、不倒塌、不坠落、不损坏。严禁与酸类等混装混运。运输途中应防曝晒、雨淋，防高温。 第十五部分：法规信息 国内化学品安全管理法规: 化学危险物品安全管理条例 (1987年2月17日国务院发布)，化学危险物品安全管理条例实施细则 (化劳发[1992] 677号)，工作场所安全使用化学品规定 ([1996]劳部发423号)等法规，针对化学危险品的安全使用、生产、储存、运输、装卸等方面均作了相应规定；大气中铅及其无机化合物的卫生标准(GB 7355-87)，规定了车间空气中该物质的最高容许浓度及检测方法。 第十六部分：其他信息 参考文献: 1.周国泰，化学危险品安全技术全书，化学工业出版社，1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编，化学品毒性法规环境数据手册，中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989 填表时间: 年月日 其他信息: 4 MSDS修改日期: 年月日

毒性和生态

毒理学数据: 吸入粉尘可损害造血、神经、消化系统及肾脏。表现为慢性中毒。短时接触大剂量可发生急性或亚急性铅中毒 生态学数据: 水中浓度 0.1mg/L时，水体的生化自净能力受抑制，浓度 1mg/L时，使BOD5降低 23%。水中嗅觉阈浓度: 水中铅浓度 2mg/L时，有金属味。 CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION RTECS NUMBER : OF7525000 CHEMICAL NAME : Lead CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 7439-92-1 LAST UPDATED : 199712 DATA ITEMS CITED : 77 MOLECULAR FORMULA : Pb MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 207.19 WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : PB HEALTH HAZARD DATA ACUTE TOXICITY DATA TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman DOSE/DURATION : 450 mg/kg/6Y TOXIC EFFECTS : Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions Behavioral - muscle weakness TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Human DOSE/DURATION : 10 ug/m3 TOXIC EFFECTS : Gastrointestinal - gastritis Liver - other changes TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - pigeon DOSE/DURATION : 160 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 1050 ug/kg/30W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Behavioral - alteration of classical conditioning Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in metals, not otherwise specified TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 6879 mg/kg/5W-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - other changes Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 790 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : multigenerations TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 1140 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 14 day(s) pre-mating - 21 day(s) post-birth TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 520 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 7-22 day(s) after conception lactating female 10 day(s) post-birth TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 1100 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 1-22 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation DOSE : 10 mg/m3/24H SEX/DURATION : female 1-21 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow) TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation DOSE : 3 mg/m3/24H SEX/DURATION : female 1-21 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 1120 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : multigenerations TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 6300 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 1-21 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 300 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 1-2 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 4800 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 1-16 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 662 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 1-21 week(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 2118 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : lactating female 15 day(s) post-birth TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis MUTATION DATA TEST SYSTEM : Primate - monkey REFERENCE : TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,165,1981 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.05(Pb)/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,325,1980 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,325,1980 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,230,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW TRBMAV Texas Reports on Biology and Medicine. (Galveston, TX) V.1-41(2), 1943-81/82. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,85,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PGMJAO Postgraduate Medical Journal. (Blackwell Scientific Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.1- 1925- Volume(issue)/page/year: 51,783,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JDSCAE Journal of Dairy Science. (American Dairy Science Assoc., 309 W. Clark St., Champaign, IL 61820) V.1- 1917- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,1767,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW IRXPAT International Review of Experimental Pathology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1962- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,1,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CTPHBG Current Topics in Pathology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.51- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 55,147,1971 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher information, see JTCTDW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,377,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW QURBAW Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics. (Cambridge Univ. Press, The Edinburgh Bldg., Shaftesbury Rd., Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,75,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW RREVAH Residue Reviews. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1962- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,55,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JAVMA4 Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. (American Veterinary Medical Assoc., 930 N. Meacham Rd., Schaumburg, IL 60196) V.48- 1915- Volume(issue)/page/year: 164,277,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AEMBAP Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,239,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher information, see JTCTDW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,151,1972 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FOREAE Food Research. (Champaign, IL) V.1-25, 1936-60. For publisher information, see JFDSAZ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,313,1942 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW KOTTAM Kogai to Taisaku. Journal of Environmental Pollution Control. (Kogai Taisaku Gijutsu Dokokai, Shuwa-Akasaka Bldg., 9-1-244, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107, Japan) V.1- 1965- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,1300,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW GEIGAI Gendai Igaku. Current Medicine. (Aichi-ken Ishikai, 14-28, Sakae 4-chome, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460, Japan) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,291,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW STEVA8 Science of the Total Environment. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,341,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CLCHAU Clinical Chemistry (Winston-Salem, NC). (American Assoc. for Clinical Chemistry, 1725 K St., NW, Washington, DC 20006) V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,361,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AJMEAZ American Journal of Medicine. (Technical Pub., 875 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,409,1965 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 85DHAX "Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants Series," Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 1972-77 Volume(issue)/page/year: Pb,254,1972 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PDTNBH Paediatrician. (S. Karger AG, Postfach CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,204,1977 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AMTODM Advances in Modern Toxicology. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1, 1976-79. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,209,1977 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 76,115,1980 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 49DXAV "Health Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Infant Formula and Junior Food, Proceedings of the Symposium, 1981," Schmidt, E.H.F., and A.G. Hildebrandt, eds., Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1983 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,57,1983 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St., NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,396,1975 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 0.15 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,143,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):see CFR 29,1910.1025 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 0.2 mg(Pb)/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 0.2 mg(Pb)/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-FRANCE:TWA 150 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO LEAD, INORGANIC-air:10H TWA <0.1 mg(Pb)/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 42490 No. of Facilities: 8256 (estimated) No. of Industries: 107 No. of Occupations: 81 No. of Employees: 103308 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3272 No. of Facilities: 149 (estimated) No. of Industries: 5 No. of Occupations: 15 No. of Employees: 4226 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 777 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X5909 No. of Facilities: 53 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 7 No. of Employees: 857 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 437 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X8307 No. of Facilities: 13 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 616 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 42490 No. of Facilities: 43061 (estimated) No. of Industries: 235 No. of Occupations: 146 No. of Employees: 767619 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 236378 (estimated)

安全

• 符号: GHS07, GHS08, GHS09
• 信号词: Danger
• 危害声明: H302 + H332-H351-H360Df-H373-H410
• 警示性声明: P201-P261-P273-P304 + P340 + P312-P308 + P313-P391
• 个人防护装备: Eyeshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges
• 危害码 (欧洲): T:Toxic
• 风险声明 (欧洲): R20/22;R33;R50/53;R61;R62
• 安全声明 (欧洲): S53-S45-S61-S36/37-S36-S26
• 危险品运输编码: UN 3082 9/PG 3
• WGK德国: 3
• RTECS号: OF7525000
• 包装等级: III
• 危险类别: 8

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制备

1.电解法以1号铅锭为原料，采用贝特(Bett)炼铅法，以氟硅酸作为电解浴。其电解精炼的条件为：电解液组成含铅80～100 g/L、氟硅酸90～140 g/L，电解液温度34～40℃，槽电压0.6～0.7 V，电流密度0.98～2 A/cm²。经电解精炼后，制得99.999%高纯铅。再以99.999％高纯铅为原料，经电解精炼进一步提纯，制得99.9999%高纯铅。

2.向5kg分析纯冰醋酸和500g分析纯醋酸酐的混合液中加入10kg分析纯的PbAc2·3H2O，微微加热使其溶解。冷至室温后，将100g纯硫代乙酸或100g纯硫脲溶于热的无水乙醇形成的溶液迅速而均匀地搅溶。再置水浴上加热，直至PbS凝结析出完毕。放置沉降之后，用玻璃砂芯漏斗将PbS抽滤除去；用二次蒸馏水将滤液稀释，使绝大部分的PbAc2·3H2O再沉淀析出。将糊状微细结晶吸滤，然后再按上述方法操作一次或两次。随后把纯制的盐干燥。将它分作若干份置于有盖的瓷坩埚中加热，即生成金属铅与少量的氧化铅。加热温度不得过高，勿使PbO熔融。待醋酸铅分解完毕后，小心除去铅表面氧化物的膜，并将熔成液态的铅浇铸到适当形状的容器中。

上述操作中所用的一切器皿、仪器装置均在使用前用溴和硝酸的混合物及二次蒸馏水彻底洗涤。

3.以含铅100g/L和硅氟酸 （ 游离）130g/L的溶液为电解液，电解 温 度 为 30～35℃，电 流 密 度100A/m2以上，阳极应用隔膜以防阳极分散，该电解法可获得较高纯度铅。

4.电导水使硝酸铅 （ 或醋酸铅）重结晶三次，然后制成电解液进行电解。电解温度18～20℃，电
度强度1.2A。该电解法可制得试剂铅。