GW4869
GW4869 structure
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Common Name | GW4869 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | 6823-69-4 | Molecular Weight | 577.50 | |
| Density | N/A | Boiling Point | N/A | |
| Molecular Formula | C30H30Cl2N6O2 | Melting Point | N/A | |
| MSDS | USA | Flash Point | N/A | |
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Glutaminase-containing microvesicles from HIV-1-infected macrophages and immune-activated microglia induce neurotoxicity.
Molecular Neurodegeneration 10 , 61, (2015) HIV-1-infected and/or immune-activated microglia and macrophages are pivotal in the pathogenesis of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Glutaminase, a metabolic enzyme that facilitates glutamate generation, is upregulated and may play a pathogen... |
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Regulation of SREBPs by Sphingomyelin in Adipocytes via a Caveolin and Ras-ERK-MAPK-CREB Signaling Pathway.
PLoS ONE 10 , e0133181, (2015) Sterol response element binding protein (SREBP) is a key transcription factor in insulin and glucose metabolism. We previously demonstrated that elevated levels of membrane sphingomyelin (SM) were related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ... |
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Secretion of small/microRNAs including miR-638 into extracellular spaces by sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3.
Oncol. Rep. 33(1) , 67-73, (2014) A recent study demonstrated that intracellular small/microRNAs are released from cells, and some of these extracellular RNAs are embedded in vesicles, such as ceramide-rich exosomes, on lipid-bilayer membranes. In the present study, we examined the effects of... |
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Curcumin induces apoptosis of multidrug-resistant human leukemia HL60 cells by complex pathways leading to ceramide accumulation.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1841(12) , 1672-82, (2015) Most anti-cancer agents induce apoptosis, however, a development of multidrug resistance in cancer cells and defects in apoptosis contribute often to treatment failure. Here, the mechanism of curcumin-induced apoptosis was investigated in human leukemia HL60 ... |
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Sphingomyelin Regulates the Activity of Secretory Phospholipase A2 in the Plasma Membrane.
J. Cell. Biochem. 116 , 1898-907, (2015) We examined the effect of the cellular sphingolipid level on the release of arachidonic acid (AA) and the activity of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2 ) using two Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cell mutants, LY-B and LY-A cells, deficient in sphingolipid syn... |
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Role of Spm-Cer-S1P signalling pathway in MMP-2 mediated U46619-induced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells: protective role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate.
Cell Biochem. Funct. 33 , 463-77, (2015) During remodelling of pulmonary artery, marked proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) occurs, which contributes to pulmonary hypertension. Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) has been shown to produce pulmonary hypertension. The present study invest... |
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Activation of neutral-sphingomyelinase, MAPKs, and p75 NTR-mediating caffeic acid phenethyl ester-induced apoptosis in C6 glioma cells.
J. Biomed. Sci. 21 , 61, (2014) Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a component of propolis, is reported to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-tumor activities. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo bioactivity of CAPE and addressed t... |
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Endothelial disruptive proinflammatory effects of nicotine and e-cigarette vapor exposures.
Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 309 , L175-87, (2015) The increased use of inhaled nicotine via e-cigarettes has unknown risks to lung health. Having previously shown that cigarette smoke (CS) extract disrupts the lung microvasculature barrier function by endothelial cell activation and cytoskeletal rearrangemen... |
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The neutral sphingomyelinase-2 is involved in angiogenic signaling triggered by oxidized LDL.
Free Radic. Biol. Med. 93 , 204-16, (2016) Capillaries of the external part of the normal arterial wall constitute the vasa vasorum network. In atherosclerotic lesions, neovascularization occurs in areas of intimal hyperplasia where it may promote plaque expansion, and intraplaque hemorrhage. Oxidized... |
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Spreading depression transiently disrupts myelin via interferon-gamma signaling.
Exp. Neurol. 264 , 43-54, (2015) Multiple sclerosis and migraine with aura are clinically correlated and both show imaging changes suggestive of myelin disruption. Furthermore, cortical myelin loss in the cuprizone animal model of multiple sclerosis enhances susceptibility to spreading depre... |