Lead acetate trihydrate

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Danger of cumulative effects. Harmful : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed. May cause harm to the unborn child. Possible risk of impaired fertility. Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.Air sensitive.
Potential Health Effects
Eye:
May result in corneal injury. May cause irreversible eye injury.
Exposure to particulates or solution may cause conjunctivitis, ulceration, and corneal abnormalities.
Skin:
May cause skin irritation.
Ingestion:
May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. May cause kidney damage.
Inhalation:
May cause respiratory tract irritation.
Chronic:
Chronic exposure may cause blood effects. May cause kidney damage.

---

Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.
Skin:
Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.
Ingestion:
If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid.
Inhalation:
Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid.
Notes to Physician:
Antidote: The use of Calcium disodium EDTA as a chelating agent should be determined by qualified medical personnel. The use of d-Penicillamine as a chelating agent should be determined by qualified medical personnel. The use of Dimercaprol or BAL (British Anti-Lewisite) as a chelating agent should be determined by qualified medical personnel.

---

Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Water runoff can cause environmental damage. Dike and collect water used to fight fire. Dusts at sufficient concentrations can form explosive mixtures with air. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion.
Extinguishing Media:
Use alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, or water spray when fighting fires involving this material.

---

Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks:
Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways.
Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Sweep up, then place into a suitable container for disposal. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation.
Place under an inert atmosphere.

---

Section 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE
Handling:
Wash thoroughly after handling. Wash hands before eating. Use with adequate ventilation. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Handle under an inert atmosphere. Store protected from air.
Wash clothing before reuse.
Storage:
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Keep containers tightly closed. Do not expose to air.
Store under an inert atmosphere.

---

Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION
Engineering Controls:
Use process enclosure, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to control airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower.
Exposure Limits CAS# 301-04-2: United States OSHA: 50 g/m3 TWA (as Pb); 30 g/m3 Action Level ( Pb. Poison - see 29 CFR 1910.10 25) (listed under Lead, inorgani compounds).
Belgium - TWA: (listed as lead, inorganic compounds): 0.15 mg/m3 (dust and fume) Malaysia: (listed as lead, inorganic compounds): 0.05 mg/m3 TWA ( Pb) Netherlands: (listed as lead, inorganic compounds): 0.15 mg/m3 MA (dust and smoke, as Pb) Russia: (listed as lead, inorganic compounds): 0.5 mg/m3 TWA (as Spain: (listed as lead, inorganic compounds): 0.15 mg/m3 VLA-ED ( Pb) CAS# 6080-56-4: United Kingdom, WEL - TWA: (listed as lead compounds): 0.15 mg/m3 (as Pb) United Kingdom, WEL - STEL: (listed as lead compounds): 0.45 mg/m TWA (as Pb) France - VME: (listed as lead compounds): 0.1 mg/m3 VME (as Pb) Germany: (listed as lead compounds): 0.1 mg/m3 VME (as Pb) Japan: (listed as lead compounds): 0.1 mg/m3 OEL (except alkyl le compounds, as Pb) CAS# 7439-92-1: United Kingdom, WEL - TWA: 0.15 mg/m3 TWA United Kingdom, WEL - STEL: 0.45 mg/m3 TWA United States OSHA: ; 50 g/m3 PEL (as Pb); 30 g/m3 Action Level Pb. Poison - see 29 CFR 1910.10 25) Belgium - TWA: (listed as lead, inorganic compounds): 0.15 mg/m3 (dust and fume) France - VME: 0.1 mg/m3 VME Germany: 0.1 mg/m3 TWA (inhalable fraction) Japan: 0.1 mg/m3 OEL Malaysia: 0.05 mg/m3 TWA Netherlands: 0.15 mg/m3 MAC Russia: 0.01 mg/m3 TWA Russia: 0.005 mg/m3 STEL Spain: 0.15 mg/m3 VLA-ED Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166.
Skin:
Wear appropriate gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators:
A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant respirator use.

---

Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Physical State: Solid
Color: white
Odor: acetic odor - weak odor
pH: 5.5-6.5 (5% aq soln)
Vapor Pressure: 0 atm at 30 C
Viscosity: Not available.
Boiling Point: decomposes
Freezing/Melting Point: 75 deg C
Autoignition Temperature: Not available.
Flash Point: Not available.
Explosion Limits, lower: Not available.
Explosion Limits, upper: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature: 200 deg C
Solubility in water: Soluble.
Specific Gravity/Density: 2.55
Molecular Formula: Pb(C2H3O2)2.3H2O
Molecular Weight: 379.2798

---

Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical Stability:
Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions. Takes up CO2 from air and becomes incompletely soluble. Slowly effloresces (loses water molecules of hydration) on exposure to air.
Conditions to Avoid:
Dust generation, exposure to air, excess heat.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Strong oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, lead/lead oxides.
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.

---

Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
RTECS#:
CAS# 301-04-2: AI5250000 CAS# 6080-56-4: OF8050000 CAS# 7439-92-1: OF7525000 LD50/LC50:
Not available.
CAS# 6080-56-4: Oral, rat: LD50 = 4665 mg/kg.
CAS# 7439-92-1.
Carcinogenicity:
Lead acetate anhydrous - California: carcinogen, initial date 1/1/88 IARC: Group 2A carcinogen (listed as Lead, inorganic compounds).
Acetic acid, lead(2+) salt trihydrate - California: carcinogen, initial date 10/1/92 (listed as Lead compounds NTP: Suspect carcinogen (listed as Lead compounds).
Lead - ACGIH: A3 - Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to California: carcinogen, initial date 10/1/92 NTP: Suspect carcinogen IARC: Group 2B carcinogen Other:
See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.

---

Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

---

Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations.

---

Section 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION

IATA
Shipping Name: LEAD ACETATE
Hazard Class: 6.1
UN Number: 1616
Packing Group: III
IMO
Shipping Name: LEAD ACETATE
Hazard Class: 6.1
UN Number: 1616
Packing Group: III
RID/ADR
Shipping Name: LEAD ACETATE
Hazard Class: 6.1
UN Number: 1616
Packing group: III
USA RQ: CAS# 301-04-2: 10 lb final RQ; 4.54 kg final RQ
USA RQ: CAS# 7439-92-1: 10 lb final RQ (no reporting of releases of this hazardo

---

Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION

European/International Regulations
European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: T N
Risk Phrases:
R 61 May cause harm to the unborn child.
R 33 Danger of cumulative effects.
R 48/22 Harmful : danger of serious damage to health
by prolonged exposure if swallowed.
R 50/53 Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause
long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
R 62 Possible risk of impaired fertility.
Safety Phrases:
S 53 Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions
before use.
S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek
medical advice immediately (show the label where
possible).
S 60 This material and its container must be
disposed of as hazardous waste.
S 61 Avoid release to the environment. Refer to
special instructions/safety data sheets.
WGK (Water Danger/Protection)
CAS# 301-04-2: 2
CAS# 6080-56-4: 2
CAS# 7439-92-1: No information available.
Canada
CAS# 301-04-2 is listed on Canada's DSL List.
CAS# 7439-92-1 is listed on Canada's DSL List.
CAS# 301-04-2 is listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.
CAS# 6080-56-4 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.
CAS# 7439-92-1 is listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.
US FEDERAL
TSCA
CAS# 301-04-2 is listed on the TSCA inventory.
CAS# 6080-56-4 is not on the TSCA Inventory because it is a hydrate.
It is considered to be listed if the CAS number for the anhydrous form
is on the inventory (40CFR720.3(u)(2)).
CAS# 7439-92-1 is listed on the TSCA inventory.

---

SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C4-H6-O4.Pb

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

325.29

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

QV1 &-PB-

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

714 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

71 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Blood - normocytic anemia Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

140 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

104 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

80 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :

100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

25 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - food intake (animal) Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Bird - pigeon

DOSE/DURATION :

150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :

1600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

122 gm/kg/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - EKG changes not diagnostic of specified effects Vascular - BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in calcium

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

2006 mg/kg/61W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Vascular - BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in metals, not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

43 mg/kg/1.5Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

923 gm/kg/28W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - sensory change involving peripheral nerve Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from peripheral motor nerve Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

192 gm/kg/5W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

126 gm/kg/30W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Endocrine - hypoglycemia

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

344 gm/kg/1Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

2907 mg/kg/36W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Endocrine - changes in spleen weight

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

59 mg/kg/6W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Gastrointestinal - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in sodium Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

4404 mg/kg/8W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

450 mg/kg/6W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - normocytic anemia Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other hydrolases Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - porphyrin including bile pigments

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1920 mg/kg/14W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - methemoglobinemia-carboxyhemoglobin Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

30 mg/kg/30D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

152 mg/kg/4D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Brain and Coverings - changes in surface EEG Blood - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

69 mg/kg/22W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from afferent nerve Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from peripheral motor nerve Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1120 mg/kg/16W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other proteins

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

880 mg/kg/14D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other hydrolases Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other Enzymes

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

11087 mg/kg/26W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other Enzymes

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

4710 mg/kg/30D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - other changes Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other hydrolases

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

37680 ug/kg/5D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Blood - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in metals, not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

286 mg/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Blood - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other Enzymes

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

117 mg/kg/33W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - normocytic anemia Blood - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Bird - pigeon

DOSE/DURATION :

4396 mg/kg/64W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Blood - normocytic anemia Blood - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

900 mg/kg/60D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Endocrine - adrenal cortex tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

250 gm/kg/47W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

2430 mg/kg/23W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Brain and Coverings - tumors Endocrine - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

4605 mg/kg/44W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Endocrine - adrenal cortex tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

7560 mg/kg/72W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Endocrine - tumors Endocrine - thyroid tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

9150 mg/kg/44W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

218 gm/kg/1Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

138 gm/kg/76W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

600 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 30 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Reproductive - Paternal Effects - impotence

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

97 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 5 week(s) pre-mating female 5 week(s) pre-mating - 3 week(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

14700 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-21 day(s) after conception lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1800 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-22 day(s) after conception lactating female 14 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

460 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 49 day(s) pre-mating - 21 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

230 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 49 day(s) pre-mating - 21 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other postnatal measures or effects

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1950 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1413 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - maternal-fetal exchange Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

25 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

120 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 30 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

60 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 13-19 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

1256 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 14 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

2380 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 17 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed effects

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

236 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-16 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

4800 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

9 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - abortion

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

259 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-17 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

35 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

180 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 10-16 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

DOSE :

100 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 11 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

DOSE :

200 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

765 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 90 day(s) pre-mating female 1-23 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1557 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 62 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 57 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects Endocrine - changes in luteinizing hormone

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

110 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 15 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other postnatal measures or effects

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

300 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 22-52 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1108 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 22-52 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - endocrine system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

12500 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 20 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

DOSE :

50 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

DOSE :

25 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intratesticular

DOSE :

10 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

DOSE :

256 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-10 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :

Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :

Unscheduled DNA synthesis

TYPE OF TEST :

Unscheduled DNA synthesis

TYPE OF TEST :

Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :

Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :

Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :

Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :

Dominant lethal test

TYPE OF TEST :

Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :

Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :

Sister chromatid exchange

TYPE OF TEST :

Sister chromatid exchange

TYPE OF TEST :

Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :

Sperm Morphology

TYPE OF TEST :

Sperm Morphology

TYPE OF TEST :

Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :

Cytogenetic analysis

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :

Mammal - domestic

REFERENCE :

IJEBA6 Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. (Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR, Hillside Rd., New Delhi 110 012, India) V.1- 1963- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,143,1973 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,230,1987 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,230,1987 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,230,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ADTEAS Advances in Teratology. (New York, NY) V.1-5, 1966-72. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,51,1972 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ENVRAL Environmental Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,36,1977 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 85DHAX "Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants Series," Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 1972-77 Volume(issue)/page/year: Pb,256,1972 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW NUREA8 Nutrition Reviews. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1942- Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,129,1980 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO LEAD, INORGANIC-air:10H TWA <0.1 mg(Pb)/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X8211 No. of Facilities: 156 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 2145 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 50 (estimated)