Procaine

Modify Date: 2026-07-02 08:44:31

Procaine Structure
Procaine structure
Common Name Procaine
CAS Number 59-46-1 Molecular Weight 236.310
Density 1.1±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling Point 373.6±22.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C13H20N2O2 Melting Point 61ºC
MSDS N/A Flash Point 179.8±22.3 °C

 Use of Procaine


Procaine is a local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group, which acts through multiple targets.Target: OthersProcaine is a local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action.Procaine (0.01-100 microM) inhibited the 5-HT3 receptor-mediated inward current in the whole-cell patch clamp recording. Procaine appears to produce a competitive inhibition on 5-HT3 receptors with a KD of 1.7 microM [1]. Procaine is a DNA-demethylating agent that produces a 40% reduction in 5-methylcytosine DNA content as determined by high-performance capillary electrophoresis or total DNA enzyme digestion. Procaine can also demethylate densely hypermethylated CpG islands. Procaine also has growth-inhibitory effects in these cancer cells, causing mitotic arrest [2]. Procaine functions as an excitant of limbic system cells, and that procaine alters synaptic transmission in some, but not all, output pathways from the amygdale [3].

 Names

This table lists Chinese names, IUPAC names and various aliases of this chemical substance.

Name procaine
Synonym More Synonyms

 Procaine Biological Activity

This table contains bioactivity, target information and biological‑assay experimental data of this compound.

Description Procaine is a local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group, which acts through multiple targets.Target: OthersProcaine is a local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action.Procaine (0.01-100 microM) inhibited the 5-HT3 receptor-mediated inward current in the whole-cell patch clamp recording. Procaine appears to produce a competitive inhibition on 5-HT3 receptors with a KD of 1.7 microM [1]. Procaine is a DNA-demethylating agent that produces a 40% reduction in 5-methylcytosine DNA content as determined by high-performance capillary electrophoresis or total DNA enzyme digestion. Procaine can also demethylate densely hypermethylated CpG islands. Procaine also has growth-inhibitory effects in these cancer cells, causing mitotic arrest [2]. Procaine functions as an excitant of limbic system cells, and that procaine alters synaptic transmission in some, but not all, output pathways from the amygdale [3].
Related Catalog
References

[1]. Fan, P. and F.F. Weight, Procaine impairs the function of 5-HT3 receptor-ion channel complex in rat sensory ganglion neurons. Neuropharmacology, 1994. 33(12): p. 1573-9.

[2]. Villar-Garea, A., et al., Procaine is a DNA-demethylating agent with growth-inhibitory effects in human cancer cells. Cancer Res, 2003. 63(16): p. 4984-9.

[3]. Adamec, R.E. and C. Stark-Adamec, The effects of procaine HCl on population cellular and evoked response activity within the limbic system of the cat. Evidence for differential excitatory action of procaine in a variety of limbic circuits. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 1987. 11(4): p. 345-64.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

This table shows physicochemical parameters including melting point, boiling point, density, solubility and optical rotation. Missing data is marked as N/A.

Density 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 373.6±22.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 61ºC
Molecular Formula C13H20N2O2
Molecular Weight 236.310
Flash Point 179.8±22.3 °C
Exact Mass 236.152481
PSA 55.56000
LogP 2.36
Vapour Pressure 0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.543
InChIKey MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)c1ccc(N)cc1

 MSDS

This table provides MSDS information including hazard classification, first‑aid, fire‑fighting, spill handling, operation and storage instructions.

 Toxicological Information

This table summarizes toxicological test data, acute & chronic toxicity and ecological hazard parameters for this chemical.

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
DG2100000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Benzoic acid, p-amino-, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
59-46-1
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
0913480
LAST UPDATED :
199707
DATA ITEMS CITED :
25
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C13-H20-N2-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
236.35
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
ZR DVO2N2&2

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
147 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970 Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,73,1970
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
1600 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - ataxia Behavioral - stiffness Behavioral - rigidity (including catalepsy)
REFERENCE :
JNNPAU Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. (British Medical Journal, POB 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.7- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,20,1971
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
260 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
KLWOAZ Klinische Wochenscrift. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1922- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,97,1953
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 104,388,1956
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
42 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
KLWOAZ Klinische Wochenscrift. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1922- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,97,1953
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
350 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - rigidity (including catalepsy)
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,1275,1966
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
124 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
RPOBAR Research Progress in Organic-Biological and Medicinal Chemistry. (New York, NY) V.1-3, 1964-72. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,213,1970
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
180 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FATOAO Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2- 1939- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,425,1966
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
45 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - local anesthetic
REFERENCE :
JAPMA8 Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Scientific Edition. (Washington, DC) V.29-49, 1940-60. For publisher information, see JPMSAE. Volume(issue)/page/year: 45,382,1956
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
530 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NYKZAU Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. (Nippon Yakuri Gakkai, c/o Kyoto Daigaku Igakubu Yakurigaku Kyoshitsu, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.40- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year: 53,2S,1957
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
143 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic
REFERENCE :
BDHU** "Nachprufung der Toxicitat von Novocain und Tutocain bei Chloralisierten Tieren, Dissertation," Barke, A., Pharmakologischen Institut der Tierarztlichen Hochschule zu Hannover, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1936 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1936
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
25 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic
REFERENCE :
BDHU** "Nachprufung der Toxicitat von Novocain und Tutocain bei Chloralisierten Tieren, Dissertation," Barke, A., Pharmakologischen Institut der Tierarztlichen Hochschule zu Hannover, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1936 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1936
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION :
225 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic
REFERENCE :
BDHU** "Nachprufung der Toxicitat von Novocain und Tutocain bei Chloralisierten Tieren, Dissertation," Barke, A., Pharmakologischen Institut der Tierarztlichen Hochschule zu Hannover, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1936 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1936
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION :
21500 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic
REFERENCE :
BDHU** "Nachprufung der Toxicitat von Novocain und Tutocain bei Chloralisierten Tieren, Dissertation," Barke, A., Pharmakologischen Institut der Tierarztlichen Hochschule zu Hannover, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1936 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1936
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
230 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic
REFERENCE :
BDHU** "Nachprufung der Toxicitat von Novocain und Tutocain bei Chloralisierten Tieren, Dissertation," Barke, A., Pharmakologischen Institut der Tierarztlichen Hochschule zu Hannover, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1936 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1936
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
41 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 106,37,1952
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraspinal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
18 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,137,1935
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PHREA7 Physiological Reviews. (American Physiological Soc., 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814) V.1- 1921- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,190,1932
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 144,197,1929
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
50 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PHREA7 Physiological Reviews. (American Physiological Soc., 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814) V.1- 1921- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,190,1932
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
50 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 131,171,1928
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Amphibian - frog
DOSE/DURATION :
600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic Behavioral - excitement Cardiac - pulse rate
REFERENCE :
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 144,197,1929
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraspinal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Amphibian - frog
DOSE/DURATION :
220 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 45,291,1932 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PHREA7 Physiological Reviews. (American Physiological Soc., 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814) V.1- 1921- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,190,1932 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X7542 No. of Facilities: 14 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 432 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 203 (estimated)

 Safety Information

This table covers safety warnings, protective measures, incompatible substances and disposal guidelines for this compound.

Hazard Codes Xi
RIDADR UN 3249
Packaging Group III
Hazard Class 6.1(b)
HS Code 2922499100

 Synthetic Route

This table presents publicly reported synthetic routes, reaction conditions, reactants and product information of the compound.

 Customs

This table shows customs‑related data including HS‑code, tariff and regulatory conditions for import and export.

HS Code 2922499990
Summary HS:2922499990 other amino-acids, other than those containing more than one kind of oxygen function, and their esters; salts thereof VAT:17.0% Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:AB(certificate of inspection for goods inward,certificate of inspection for goods outward) MFN tariff:6.5% General tariff:30.0%

 ProcaineBioassay

View more

This table contains target information, in‑vitro & in‑vivo assay data for this compound.

Name: Metabolic stability in human plasma at 5 uM after 120 mins by UPLC-MS/MS analysis
Source: ChEMBL
Target: N/A
External Id: CHEMBL4143263
Name: Primary qHTS assay for inhibitors of alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA) expression
Source: NCGC
External Id: SNCA-p-activity-luciferase
Name: pKa (acid-base dissociation constant) as determined by Avdeef ref: DOI: 10.1002/04714...
Source: ChEMBL
Target: N/A
External Id: CHEMBL2449007
Name: pKa (acid-base dissociation constant) as determined by Liao ref: J Chem Info Model 20...
Source: ChEMBL
Target: N/A
External Id: CHEMBL2449006
Name: Lipophilicity, log K at pH 2 by by hydrophilic interaction chromatography using 100% ...
Source: ChEMBL
Target: N/A
External Id: CHEMBL969649
Name: Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound
Source: ChEMBL
Target: N/A
External Id: CHEMBL969645
Name: Lipophilicity, log K at pH 2 by by hydrophilic interaction chromatography using 95% a...
Source: ChEMBL
Target: N/A
External Id: CHEMBL969648
Name: Octanol-water partition coefficient, log PC of the compound
Source: ChEMBL
Target: N/A
External Id: CHEMBL969647
Name: Displacement of [3H]BTX-B from neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel in rat cerebral ...
Source: ChEMBL
Target: N/A
External Id: CHEMBL3101695
Name: Lipophilicity, log P by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography
Source: ChEMBL
Target: N/A
External Id: CHEMBL1023024
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 Synonyms

This table collects all English aliases, systematic names and CAS‑related synonyms of the compound.

4-aminobenzoic acid 2-diethylaminoethyl ester
2-(Diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoate
Procaine Base
EINECS 200-426-9
β-(Diethylamino)ethyl p-aminobenzoate
Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester
Procaine
Benzoic acid, p-amino-, 2- (diethylamino)ethyl ester
β-Diethylaminoethyl 4-aminobenzoate
Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, 2- (diethylamino)ethyl ester
4-Aminobenzoic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester
MFCD00007893
2-(Diethylamino)ethyl p-aminobenzoate

 Procaine | FAQ

This section contains frequently‑asked‑questions about this compound, including basic parameters, properties, storage conditions and corresponding answers.

Q: What are the upstream materials of procaine?
A: Related upstream materials(CAS) of procaine: 38973-67-0;99-77-4;100-37-8;619-45-4;13456-39-8;94-09-7;100-35-6;122-04-3;869-24-9;150-13-0.
Q: What are the downstream products of procaine?
A: Related downstream products(CAS) of procaine: 54-35-3;21033-42-1;150-13-0;100-37-8;27474-68-6;47662-72-6;59440-80-1;6062-23-3;62276-02-2;63014-02-8.
Q: What English synonyms does procaine have?
A: English synonyms of procaine: 4-aminobenzoic acid 2-diethylaminoethyl ester, 2-(Diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoate, Procaine Base, EINECS 200-426-9, β-(Diethylamino)ethyl p-aminobenzoate, Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester, Procaine, Benzoic acid, p-amino-, 2- (diethylamino)ethyl ester, β-Diethylaminoethyl 4-aminobenzoate, Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, 2- (diethylamino)ethyl ester, 4-Aminobenzoic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester, MFCD00007893, 2-(Diethylamino)ethyl p-aminobenzoate.
Q: What is the CAS number of procaine?
A: CAS number of procaine is 59-46-1.
Q: What is the molecular weight of procaine?
A: Molecular weight of procaine is 236.310.
Q: What is the InChIKey of procaine?
A: InChIKey of procaine is MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N.
Q: What is the melting point of procaine?
A: Melting point of procaine is 61ºC.
Q: What is the molecular formula of procaine?
A: Molecular formula of procaine is C13H20N2O2.
Q: What is the English name of procaine?
A: The English name of procaine is procaine.
Q: What is the LogP of procaine?
A: LogP of procaine is 2.36.

 Procainefactory

This table lists manufacturers and suppliers of this compound, including vendor names and product supply reference information.

Shanghai Nianxing Industrial Co., Ltd
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co., Ltd.
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