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乳酸

乳酸用途

乳酸(乳酸)是糖酵解的产物。乳酸是由体内收缩骨骼肌中的缺氧产生的,在完全有氧条件下可以去除。乳酸可作为危重患者的血流动力学指标[1][2]。

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乳酸名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
50-21-5

[ 中文名 ]:
DL-乳酸

[ 英文名 ]:
Lactic acid

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

2-Hydroxypropionic acid
EINECS 200-018-0
DL-Lactic acid
Lactic acid
MFCD00004520

乳酸生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

乳酸(乳酸)是糖酵解的产物。乳酸是由体内收缩骨骼肌中的缺氧产生的,在完全有氧条件下可以去除。乳酸可作为危重患者的血流动力学指标[1][2]。

[ 相关类别 ]:

研究领域 >> 其他

信号通路 >> 其他 >> 其他

[参考文献]

[1]. Brooks GA. Lactate: link between glycolytic and oxidative metabolism. Sports Med. 2007;37(4-5):341-3.

[2]. Fuller BM, et al. Lactate as a hemodynamic marker in the critically ill. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2012 Jun;18(3):267-72.

乳酸物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.3±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
227.6±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
18ºC

[ 分子式 ]:
C₃H₆O₃

[ 分子量 ]:
90.078

[ 闪点 ]:
109.9±16.3 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
90.031693

[ PSA ]:
57.53000

[ LogP ]:
-0.70

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色至黄色液体

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.451

[ 储存条件 ]:
室温

[ 水溶解性 ]:
水溶性：完全混溶；可溶于：醇；不溶：氯仿

乳酸MSDS

乳酸毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: OD2800000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Lactic acid

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 50-21-5

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 16

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C3-H6-O3

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 90.09

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: QY1&VQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3543 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4875 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: >2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Rectal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 1810 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - quail

DOSE/DURATION :: >2250 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Ovary

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 mmol/L

REFERENCE :: MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 240,195,1990 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 80595 No. of Facilities: 10707 (estimated) No. of Industries: 56 No. of Occupations: 50 No. of Employees: 68982 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 80595 No. of Facilities: 10134 (estimated) No. of Industries: 39 No. of Occupations: 58 No. of Employees: 107962 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 63436 (estimated)

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乳酸安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS05

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H315-H318

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P280-P305 + P351 + P338

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xi: Irritant;C: Corrosive;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R34;R38;R41

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
26-39-45-36/37/39

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1760

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
OD2800000

[ 包装等级 ]:
III

[ 危险类别 ]:
8

[ 海关编码 ]:
2918110000

乳酸合成路线

乳酸上下游产品

乳酸上游产品

乳酸下游产品

乳酸制备

1.以淀粉质原料、糖蜜、淀粉糖等为原料，经糖化后用适宜的酸性乳酸菌或芽孢杆菌在适宜的条件下发酵后，经碳酸钙中和沉淀，再用稀硫酸使其转化为乳酸，再精制后可得乳酸成品。

淀粉糖化↓糖化酶发酵↓乳酸菌中和压滤浓缩冷却酸化脱色↓活性炭↓硫酸抽滤真空浓缩阳离子交换阴离子交换真空浓缩脱色抽滤成品

精制方法：乳酸具有很强的吸湿性，浓缩时部分乳酸变成酸酐，加热时自身容易发生酯化反应。因此，即使在减压下蒸馏，要得到纯品也是困难的。精制时在13.3Pa压力下分馏，馏出物用等量乙醚与异丙醚的混合物进行溶解，在冰盐温度下冷却结晶。过滤后再重复结晶两次。也可以在干冰的温度下进行结晶。溶剂也可用含5%石油醚（b.p. 60~80℃）的等量苯和乙醚的混合溶剂。

2.工业上生产乳酸共有三种方法，发酵法、乙醛法及丙烯腈法。目前应用最广的是发酵法，是以含有淀粉的原料蔗糖、甜菜糖、糖蜜或粮食淀粉为原料，糖化接入乳酸菌，在ph＝5、49℃左右发酵3～4天，用碳酸钙中和，趁热过滤，精制得乳酸钙。再用硫酸酸化，过滤，将滤液浓缩、脱色、除杂即得产品。

3合成法
化学合成有乙醛法和丙烯腈法，制得的乳酸为DL．乳酸。
(1)乙醛法以乙醛与氢氰酸为原料反应生成乳腈，经水解得粗乳酸，粗乳酸经乙醇酯化再水解得乳酸：
将乙醛和冷的氢氰酸连续送入反应器生成乳腈，再用泵压入水解釜，并加入水和硫酸催化水解得乳酸；加乙醇酯化后精馏分出乳酸乙酯；最后送入浓缩罐加热分解而得精乳酸。

(2)丙烯腈法丙烯腈水解得粗乳酸，再经甲醇酯化后水解得乳酸：
将丙烯腈送人反应器，在硫酸的催化下水解生成乳酸和硫酸氢铵的混合物。混合物进入酯化反应器与甲醇酯化，分离出硫酸氢铵后，粗酯送精馏塔，塔底得精酯。精酯再送蒸馏塔，加热分解，得稀乳酸。最后经真空浓缩即得产品。

4. 烟草：BU，26。食品工业中由葡萄糖、淀粉、牛奶发酵制备；乙醛与氢氰酸反应生成氰基乙醇，再水解生成粗乳酸，醋乳酸转化为乳酸乙酯，然后再水解为纯乳酸。

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乳酸海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2918110000

[ 中文概述 ]:
2918110000. 乳酸及其盐和酯. 增值税率:17.0%. 退税率:13.0%. 监管条件:AB(入境货物通关单,出境货物通关单). 最惠国关税:6.5%. 普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途

[ 监管条件 ]: A.入境货物通关单 B.出境货物通关单

[ 检验检疫 ]: R.进口食品卫生监督检验 S.出口食品卫生监督检验 M.进口商品检验 N.出口商品检验

[ Summary ]:
2918110000. lactic acid, its salts and esters. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. Supervision conditions:AB(certificate of inspection for goods inward,certificate of inspection for goods outward). MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:30.0%

乳酸文献

Urinary metabolic fingerprinting of mice with diet-induced metabolic derangements by parallel dual secondary column-dual detection two-dimensional comprehensive gas chromatography.

J. Chromatogr. A. 1361 , 265-76, (2014)

This study investigates the potential of a parallel dual secondary column-dual detection two-dimensional comprehensive GC platform (GC×2GC-MS/FID) for metabolic profiling and fingerprinting of mouse u...

Synergistic activity of tenofovir and nevirapine combinations released from polycaprolactone matrices for potential enhanced prevention of HIV infection through the vaginal route.

Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 88(2) , 406-14, (2014)

Polycaprolactone (PCL) matrices were simultaneously loaded with the antiviral agents, tenofovir (TFV) and nevirapine (NVP), in combination to provide synergistic activity in the prevention of HIV tran...

Improved production of propionic acid in Propionibacterium jensenii via combinational overexpression of glycerol dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 81(7) , 2256-64, (2015)

Microbial production of propionic acid (PA), an important chemical building block used as a preservative and chemical intermediate, has gained increasing attention for its environmental friendliness o...

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乳酸

乳酸用途

乳酸名称

乳酸生物活性

乳酸物理化学性质

乳酸MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

乳酸毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

MUTATION DATA

乳酸安全信息

乳酸合成路线

详细合成路线

乳酸上下游产品

乳酸上游产品

乳酸下游产品

乳酸制备

乳酸海关

乳酸文献

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