丙烯酸_MSDS_用途_密度_丙烯酸CAS号【79-10-7】

【用途一】
通过均聚或共聚制备高聚物，用于涂料、粘合剂、固体树脂、模塑料等
【用途二】
丙烯酸及其系列产品，主要是其酯类，近年得到迅速发展。如象乙烯、丙烯、氯乙烯、丙烯腈等那样，发展成为重要的高分子化学工业的原料。丙烯酸及其酯类作为高分子化合物的单体，世界总产量已超过百万t，而由其制成的聚合物和共聚物(主要是乳液型树脂)的产量将近500万t。这些树脂的应用遍及涂料，塑料、纺织、皮革、造纸、建材，以及包装材料等众多部门。丙烯酸及其酯类可供有机合成和高分子合成，而绝大多数是用于后者，并且更多地是与其他单体，如乙酸乙烯、苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等进行共聚，制得各种性能的合成树酯、功能高分子材料和各种助剂等。主要应用领域：(1)经纱上浆料由丙烯酸、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯腈、聚丙烯酸铵等原料配制的经纱上浆料，比聚乙烯醇上浆料容量退浆，节省淀粉。(2)胶粘剂用丙烯酸、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯等共聚乳胶，可作静电植绒、植毛的胶粘剂，其坚牢性和手感好。(3)水稠化剂用丙稀酸和丙烯酸乙酯共聚物制成高分子量的粉末。可作稠化剂，用于油田，每吨产品可增产500t原油，对老井采油效果较好。(4)铜版纸涂饰剂用丙烯酸、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、苯乙烯等四元共聚乳胶作铜版纸涂料，保色不泛黄，印刷性能好，不粘辊，比丁苯胶乳好可节省干酷素。(5)聚丙烯酸盐类利用丙烯酸可生产各种聚丙烯酸盐类产品(如铵盐、钠盐、钾盐、铝盐、镍盐等)。用作凝集剂、水质处理剂、分散剂、增稠剂、食品保鲜剂耐酸碱干燥剂，软化剂等各种高分子助剂。
【用途三】
1．高吸水性树脂 2．高分子聚合的官能单体 3．有机合成4．高分子电解质

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[ 密度 ]:
1.1±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
141.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
13 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C₃H₄O₂

[ 分子量 ]:
72.063

[ 闪点 ]:
54.4±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
72.021126

[ PSA ]:
37.30000

[ LogP ]:
0.28

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色液体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
2.5 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
3.4±0.5 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.422

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂分开储运

[ 水溶解性 ]:
MISCIBLE

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: AS4375000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Acrylic acid

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 79-10-7

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0635743

LAST UPDATED :: 199806

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 55

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C3-H4-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 72.07

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: QV1U1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 33500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 4000 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 22 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1250 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 2400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - active as anti-cancer agent

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 5300 mg/m3/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 144 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1590 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 830 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC - Lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :: >75 ppm/6H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - deviated nasal septum Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - ulcerated nasal septum

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 280 uL/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 250 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 22500 mg/kg/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - fluid intake Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 223 ppm/6H/2W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 75 ppm/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 223 ppm/6H/2W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 25 ppm/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 37440 mg/kg/78W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - leukemia

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 2912 mg/kg/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 37440 mg/kg/78W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 169 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 13 week(s) pre-mating female 13 week(s) pre-mating - 3 week(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 14340 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 5-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 7329 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 5-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Ovary

REFERENCE :: FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,505,1992 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 5.9 mg/m3 (2 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,47,1979 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,47,1979 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,56,1987 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 10 ppm (29 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (45 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm (60 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ACRYLIC ACID-air:10H TWA 2 ppm (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 03570 No. of Facilities: 1679 (estimated) No. of Industries: 44 No. of Occupations: 41 No. of Employees: 28576 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 03570 No. of Facilities: 4826 (estimated) No. of Industries: 74 No. of Occupations: 67 No. of Employees: 96535 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 28146 (estimated)

点击显示

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS05, GHS07, GHS09

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H226-H302 + H312 + H332-H314-H335-H400

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P261-P273-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;Goggles;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
C:Corrosive

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R10;R20/21/22;R35;R50

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S26-S36/37/39-S45-S61

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2218 8/PG 2

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
AS4375000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
8

[ 海关编码 ]:
2916110000

详细合成路线

丙烯酸上游产品

丙烯酸下游产品

1.氰乙醇法该法以氯乙醇和氰化钠为原料，反应生成氰乙醇，氰乙醇在硫酸存在下于175℃水解生成丙烯酸：若水解反应在甲醇中进行，则生成丙烯酸甲酯。

2.丙烯腈水解法丙烯腈先以硫酸水解生成丙烯酰胺的硫酸盐，再水解生成丙烯酸，副产硫酸氢铵。此法在美国罗姆-哈斯公司得到了很大发展。

第一步水解温度为90～100℃。向丙烯腈中加入稍稍过量的55%～85%的硫酸,1h后丙烯腈即完全转化;然后加水进行第二次水解，并将反应温度提高到125～135℃；水解产物经减压蒸馏而得丙烯酸。此法实际上是早期氰乙醇法的发展。由于水解后生成的副产品酸性硫酸铵处理困难，原料丙烯腈的价格较贵，因而影响生产成本。

3.高压雷佩法将溶于四氢呋喃中乙炔，在溴化镍和溴化铜组成的催化剂存在下，与一氧化碳和水反应，制得丙烯酸。此法的特点是：用四氢呋喃为溶剂，可以减少高压处理乙炔的危险；同时催化剂不用原雷佩法所用的羰基镍，只需用镍盐。将丙烯与空气及水蒸气按一定摩尔比混合，在钼-铋等复合催化剂存在下，反应温度310-470℃，常压氧化制得丙烯醛，收率达90%。再将丙烯醛与空气及水蒸气按一定摩尔比混合，在钼-钒等复合催化剂存在下，反应温度300-470℃，常压氧化制得丙烯酸，收率可达98%。此法分一步和两步法。一步法是丙烯在一个反应器内氧化生成丙烯酸；两步法是丙烯先在第一反应器内氧化生成丙烯醛，丙烯醛再进入第二反应器氧化生成丙烯酸。两步法根据反应器结构，又分固定床和流化床法两种。丙烯酸的工业生产方法中，氰乙醇法，高压雷佩法已经基本淘汰，以前采用的以乙酸为原料裂解为乙烯酮，然后与无水甲醛反应生成丙内酯，再与热磷酸接触异构为丙烯酸。称烯酮法或β-丙内酯法也基本淘汰，丙烯腈法只有少数老装置采用。目前工业上采用的主要是改良雷佩法和丙烯氧化法，而后者更为普通且最有发展前途。专利报道中，还有丙酸为原料的生产方法。

4.β -丙内酯法　此法原料为乙烯酮，故又称乙烯酮法，其反应式如下：

先将乙酸裂解为乙烯酮，然后与无水甲醛反应生成β  丙内酯；用作催化剂在140～180℃、2.5～25MPa下，丙内酯再与热的100%磷酸接触，异构为丙烯酸。用β -丙内酯法生产丙烯酸，产品纯度高，收率亦较高，副产物和未反应物料能循环使用，并适于连续生产，但它需用乙酸为原料，特别是由于丙内酯被认为是一种致癌物质，故此法已不在工业上采用。

5.丙烯氧化法　其反应式如下:

将丙烯与空气及水蒸气按一定摩尔比混合，在钼铋系复合催化剂存在下，氧化制得丙烯醛，再将丙烯醛与空气及水蒸气按一定摩尔比混合，在钼-钒-钨系复合催化剂存在下，氧化制得丙烯酸。此法根据反应器结构，又分固定床法和流化床法两种。除美国索亥俄法采用流化床外，其他都采用列管式固定床。
① 固定床法。制法是：第一反应器进料丙烯含量为4%～7%，水蒸气20%～50%，其余为空气，空速1300～2600h－1，反应温度320～340℃，压力0.1～0.3MPa；第二反应器空速为1800～3600h－1，反应温度280～300℃，压力0.1～0.2MPa，丙烯和丙烯醛的转化率都在95%以上，丙烯酸的选择性以丙烯计为85%～90%。工艺过程为：使丙烯、水蒸气与经过预热的空气混合后进入第一反应器。丙烯被氧化成丙烯醛。再进入第二反应器反应，得到丙烯酸。第一、第二反应器均为列管式反应器，用熔盐作热载体，从第二反应器出来的反应气与原料空气换热后进入急冷塔，与塔顶加入的水逆向接触，获得含量为20%～30%的丙烯酸水溶液。该水溶液进入萃取塔，以乙酸丁酯或二甲苯为萃取剂，使水与丙烯酸分离。富含水的萃取液从萃取塔塔顶出来，进入溶剂回收塔，将萃取剂从塔顶蒸出，送回萃取塔循环使用。塔底排出废水。萃取塔中的萃余液进入溶剂蒸馏塔。从塔顶蒸出溶剂（萃取剂），送回萃取塔循环使用；塔底得到粗丙烯酸，再经脱去轻组分和重组分后得到丙烯酸产品。丙烯经气相接触氧化反应制造丙烯酸过程中，除产物丙烯酸外，还存有微量丙烯醛、乙酸、戊酮酸、蚁酸以及其他醛类杂质。醛类是丙烯氧化副产物或由于丙烯原料中含有的杂质氧化而生成的，如乙醛、甲醛、苯甲醛、糠醛、丙烯醛等，含有这些副产物的反应气体，经冷却、抽提蒸馏后，残留于丙烯酸产品中。采用常规方法精制的丙烯酸产品中，仍含有约（50～500） ×10－6的醛物质。为了适应高纯丙烯酸需要，北京东方化工厂以该厂聚合级丙烯酸为原料，开发出一种制备高纯丙烯酸的方法，使其总醛含量小于5×10－6，达到或超过国外有关文献报道的数据要求（国外小于10×10－6）。其实验方法是：向烧瓶中加入一定量的聚合级丙烯酸，添加试剂DL，在常压下经10～80℃范围处理后，再进入填料塔中处理蒸馏，塔釜中温度为60～80℃，塔顶温度为50～70℃，真空93.33～99.99KPa，采用补加阻聚剂及气相阻聚剂方法，可防止丙烯酸在精馏过程中聚合。用此法收集的蒸馏品即为高纯丙烯酸。
② 流化床法。制法是丙烯、空气、水经过第一沸腾床反应器生成丙烯醛，再进入第二沸腾床反应器生成丙烯酸，然后经喷淋、冷却、萃取蒸馏，再在减压塔中脱除乙酸而得丙烯酸。氧化混合物配比为丙烯∶空气∶水＝1∶12∶8（摩尔比）。第一沸腾床反应器温度370℃，接触时间2s；第二沸腾床反应器温度260℃，接触时间2.25s 。丙烯转化率75%～80%，总收率40%，丙烯酸含量97%，平均含量93%。国内在第一反应器中采用七元组分（钼-钒-磷-铁- 钴-镍-钾）的催化剂，丙烯氧化制丙烯醛；在第二反应器中采用三元组分（钼- 钒-钨）的催化剂，丙烯醛氧化制丙烯酸，当丙烯∶空气∶水＝1∶10∶6，接触时间5.5s，线速度0.6m/s反应温度：一段为370-390 ℃，二段为270～300℃时，以进料丙烯计，一段丙烯转化率为78.7%～87%，丙烯醛收率为 51.9%～57.2%，二段丙烯转化率为79.3%～89.4%，丙烯酸收率为48.3%～49.8%，丙烯酸的空时收率为55～60kg/（m3催化剂·h）。

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[ 海关编码 ]: 2916110000

[ 中文概述 ]:
2916110000 丙烯酸及其盐. 增值税率:17.0% 退税率:9.0% 监管条件:无最惠国关税:6.5% 普通关税:30.0%

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2916110000 salts of acrylic acid VAT:17.0% Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:none MFN tariff:6.5% General tariff:30.0%

Curcumin delivery from poly(acrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) hollow microparticles prevents dopamine-induced toxicity in rat brain synaptosomes.

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Air to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and blood to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and drugs.

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Values of in vitro gas to lung partition coefficients, K(lung), of VOCs have been collected from the literature. For 44 VOCs, application of the Abraham solvation equation to log K(lung) yielded a cor...

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In this study, a facile and effective method for the surface functionalization of inert fluoropolymer substrates using surface grafting was demonstrated for the preparation of a new platform for fluor...

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