去甲可待因

Int. J. Legal Med. 123(5) , 387-94, (2009)

This work presents two cases of codeine intoxication in 3-year-old monozygotic twin brothers while treated with a codeine slow-release formulation. One child had to be admitted to the hospital, whereas the other one died at home after aspiration of gastric co...

Arch. Pharm. Res. 33(11) , 1805-11, (2010)

In forensic toxicology, the abuse of various opiate preparations, such as raw opium and heroin, is of interest since the metabolic pathways of these opiates overlap. Although the pharmaco(toxico)kinetics in hair is not clearly understood, melanin is thought t...

Forensic Sci. Int. 96(1) , 29-38, (1998)

The universally accepted 300 ng/ml cut-off limit for opiate assays stated to be mandatory for all drug screening laboratories by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, has been questioned recently due to positive results being obtained...

Forensic Sci. Int. 127(1-2) , 136-41, (2002)

The presence of the heroin metabolite 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) in urine is used to definitively identify recent heroin abuse. A rapid and sensitive GC-MS method for the simultaneous analysis of codeine, norcodeine, morphine, normorphine and 6-MAM in urine...

Forensic Sci. Int. 198(1-3) , 58-61, (2010)

Urine drug testing of pain patients provides objective information to health specialists regarding patient compliance, diversion, and concurrent illicit drug use. Interpretation of urine test results for semi-synthetic opiates can be difficult because of comp...

Drug Metab. Dispos. 24(7) , 761-4, (1996)

Codeine is metabolized by glucuronidation, by O-demethylation to morphine, and by N-demethylation to norcodeine. The enzyme responsible for the O-demethylation to morphine has been identified as cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6). The purpose of the present study wa...

Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 41(4) , 379-82, (1991)

Plasma and urine concentrations of codeine and its measurable metabolites were determined by HPLC in six healthy subjects after a single 30 mg oral dose of codeine either alone or after 7 doses of 1 g paracetamol 8 hourly. After codeine alone, the t1/2 (h), A...

Xenobiotica 20(7) , 683-8, (1990)

1. Metabolites of codeine were determined by use of h.p.l.c. in urine of male mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits injected with 10 mg codeine/kg subcutaneously. 2. In 24 h urines of these species, unchanged codeine, codeine glucuronide, free morphine, and mor...

Forensic Sci. Int. 141(1) , 41-8, (2004)

Oral fluid is an interesting alternative matrix for drug testing in many environments, including law enforcement, workplace drug testing, and drug treatment facilities. Performance characteristics of the FDA-cleared, qualitative, Cozart RapiScan Opiate Oral F...

J. Chromatogr. B, Biomed. Appl. 653(1) , 106-11, (1994)

A rapid and sensitive HPLC method has been developed for the determination of codeine, norcodeine and morphine in small volumes of a biological matrix, using a cyanopropyl column and a combination of coulometric and UV detection. The compounds were isolated u...