Ethyl formate

Modify Date: 2026-06-30 13:38:25

Ethyl formate Structure
Ethyl formate structure
 Common Name Ethyl formate
CAS Number 109-94-4 Molecular Weight 74.078
Density 0.9±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling Point 54.7±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C3H6O2 Melting Point −80 °C(lit.)
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point -19.4±0.0 °C
Symbol GHS02 GHS07
GHS02, GHS07		 Signal Word Danger

Summary: Ethyl formate, Chinese name: 甲酸乙酯, CAS number: 109-94-4, molecular formula: C3H6O2, molecular weight: 74.078. Colorless liquid, melting point -80°C, boiling point 54.7±3.0°C, density 0.9±0.1g/cm3. Mainly used as chromatographic analysis standard, solvent, fungicide, perfume ingredient, and pharmaceutical intermediate. For research-use only, not for medical or clinical usage.

 Names

This table lists Chinese names, IUPAC names and various aliases of this chemical substance.

Name ethyl formate
Synonym More Synonyms

 Chemical & Physical Properties

This table shows physicochemical parameters including melting point, boiling point, density, solubility and optical rotation. Missing data is marked as N/A.

Density 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 54.7±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point −80 °C(lit.)
Molecular Formula C3H6O2
Molecular Weight 74.078
Flash Point -19.4±0.0 °C
Exact Mass 74.036781
PSA 26.30000
LogP 0.30
Vapour density 2.5 (vs air)
Vapour Pressure 242.4±0.1 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.356
InChIKey WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES CCOC=O
Stability Stable. Extremely flammable. May form explosive mixtures with air. Note low flash point and wide explosive limits. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong acids, nitrates.
Water Solubility 11 g/100 mL (18 ºC)

 MSDS

This table provides MSDS information including hazard classification, first‑aid, fire‑fighting, spill handling, operation and storage instructions.

 Toxicological Information

This table summarizes toxicological test data, acute & chronic toxicity and ecological hazard parameters for this chemical.

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
LQ8400000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Formic acid, ethyl ester
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
109-94-4
LAST UPDATED :
199806
DATA ITEMS CITED :
35
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C3-H6-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
74.09
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
VHO2

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Open irritation test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
REFERENCE :
UCDS** Union Carbide Data Sheet. (Union Carbide Corp., 39 Old Ridgebury Rd., Danbury, CT 06817) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4/10/1968 ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1850 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,327,1964
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
8000 ppm/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AMIHBC AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.2-10, 1950-54. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,61,1954
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
2075 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
IMSUAI Industrial Medicine and Surgery. (Northbrook, IL) V.18-42, 1949-73. For publisher information, see IOHSA5. Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,31,1972
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
>20 mL/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AMIHBC AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.2-10, 1950-54. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,61,1954
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,737,1978
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
1110 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal - gastritis
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,327,1964 ** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
110 gm/kg/9W-I
REFERENCE :
BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,177,1955 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 303 mg/m3 (100 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AMIHAB AMA Archives of Industrial Health. (Chicago, IL) V.11-21, 1955-60. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,517,1959 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,107,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 100 ppm (303 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (450 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 100 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3);STEL 200 ppm (600 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ETHYL FORMATE-air:10H TWA 100 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 32610 No. of Facilities: 21 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 124 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 32610 No. of Facilities: 99 (estimated) No. of Industries: 6 No. of Occupations: 19 No. of Employees: 8151 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1169 (estimated)

 Safety Information

This table covers safety warnings, protective measures, incompatible substances and disposal guidelines for this compound.

Symbol GHS02 GHS07
GHS02, GHS07
Signal Word Danger
Hazard Statements H225-H302 + H332-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements P210-P261-P305 + P351 + P338
Personal Protective Equipment Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US)
Hazard Codes F:Flammable
Risk Phrases R11;R20/22;R36/37
Safety Phrases S9-S16-S24-S26-S33
RIDADR UN 1190 3/PG 2
WGK Germany 1
RTECS LQ8400000
Packaging Group II
Hazard Class 3
HS Code 2915130000

 Synthetic Route

This table presents publicly reported synthetic routes, reaction conditions, reactants and product information of the compound.

 Customs

This table shows customs‑related data including HS‑code, tariff and regulatory conditions for import and export.

HS Code 2915120000
Summary 2915120000 salts of formic acid。Supervision conditions:None。VAT:17.0%。Tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tariff:5.5%。General tariff:30.0%

 Articles9

More Articles

This table lists relevant public references with title, journal and publication metadata for this compound.

Antioxidants in heat-processed koji and the production mechanisms.

Food Chem. 187 , 364-9, (2015)

We previously developed antioxidative heat-processed (HP)-koji via two-step heating (55 °C/2days → 75 °C/3 days) of white-koji. In this study, we isolated antioxidants in HP-koji and investigated thei...

Concurrent production of biodiesel and chemicals through wet in situ transesterification of microalgae.

Bioresour. Technol. 193 , 386-92, (2015)

This work addresses an unprecedented way of co-producing biodiesel (FAEE) and valuable chemicals of ethyl levulinate (EL), ethyl formate (EF) and diethyl ether (DEE) from wet in situ transesterificati...

Evaluation of injection methods for fast, high peak capacity separations with low thermal mass gas chromatography.

J. Chromatogr. A. 1392 , 82-90, (2015)

Low thermal mass gas chromatography (LTM-GC) was evaluated for rapid, high peak capacity separations with three injection methods: liquid, headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME), and direct ...

 Ethyl formateBioassay

View more

This table contains target information, in‑vitro & in‑vivo assay data for this compound.

Name: Toxicity determined using Tadpole Narcosis Test
Source: ChEMBL
Target: N/A
External Id: CHEMBL858647
Name: Disruption of mitochondria in insecticide-susceptible Drosophila melanogaster Hikone-...
Source: ChEMBL
Target: Drosophila melanogaster
External Id: CHEMBL3059015
Name: In vitro inhibition against yeast Alcohol dehydrogenase; IA means In active
Source: ChEMBL
Target: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1
External Id: CHEMBL646622
Name: Disruption of mitochondria in insecticide-susceptible Drosophila melanogaster Canton-...
Source: ChEMBL
Target: Drosophila melanogaster
External Id: CHEMBL3059016
Name: Inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase in insecticide-resistance Drosophila melanogaster ...
Source: ChEMBL
Target: N/A
External Id: CHEMBL3059017
Name: Inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase in insecticide-susceptible Drosophila melanogaster...
Source: ChEMBL
Target: N/A
External Id: CHEMBL3059018
Total 6, Current Page 1 of 1
1

 Synonyms

This table collects all English aliases, systematic names and CAS‑related synonyms of the compound.

Formic Acid Ethyl Ester
Ethyl formic ester
ETHYL FORMATE/FORMIC ACID ETHYL ESTER
Aethylformiat
ETHYL FORMATE BAKER ANALYZED REAGENT-500 ML
Ethylformiaat
Ethyl Formate, Reagent
Areginal
Ethylformate
Ethyl formate, , pure
Ethyl Formate
MFCD00003294
ethyl formiate
ethyl ortho-formate
ETHYL FORMATE FOR PHARMA SYNTHESIS
EINECS 203-721-0
Ethyl methanoate
Formic ether
Ethyl formate,AcroSeal,Extra Dry

 Ethyl formate | FAQ

This section contains frequently‑asked‑questions about this compound, including basic parameters, properties, storage conditions and corresponding answers.

Q: What is the melting point of ethyl formate?
A: Melting point of ethyl formate is −80 °C(lit.).
Q: How is the water solubility of ethyl formate?
A: Water solubility of ethyl formate: 11 g/100 mL (18 ºC).
Q: What is the polar surface area (PSA) of ethyl formate?
A: Polar surface area (PSA) of ethyl formate is 26.30000.
Q: What is the LogP of ethyl formate?
A: LogP of ethyl formate is 0.30.
Q: What are the upstream materials of ethyl formate?
A: Related upstream materials(CAS) of ethyl formate: 64-17-5;124-38-9;201230-82-2;617-35-6;122-51-0;539-88-8;39689-37-7;104-01-8;64-18-6;454-31-9.
Q: What is the CAS number of ethyl formate?
A: CAS number of ethyl formate is 109-94-4.
Q: What English synonyms does ethyl formate have?
A: English synonyms of ethyl formate: Formic Acid Ethyl Ester, Ethyl formic ester, ETHYL FORMATE/FORMIC ACID ETHYL ESTER, Aethylformiat, ETHYL FORMATE BAKER ANALYZED REAGENT-500 ML, Ethylformiaat, Ethyl Formate, Reagent, Areginal, Ethylformate, Ethyl formate, , pure, Ethyl Formate, MFCD00003294, ethyl formiate, ethyl ortho-formate, ETHYL FORMATE FOR PHARMA SYNTHESIS, EINECS 203-721-0, Ethyl methanoate, Formic ether, Ethyl formate,AcroSeal,Extra Dry.
Q: What is the English name of ethyl formate?
A: The English name of ethyl formate is ethyl formate.
Q: What are the downstream products of ethyl formate?
A: Related downstream products(CAS) of ethyl formate: 1064678-66-5;104556-86-7;112044-12-9;10472-09-0;111651-85-5;1117-72-2;1113049-90-3;111129-64-7;110339-54-3;112129-25-6.
Q: What is the SMILES notation of ethyl formate?
A: SMILES notation of ethyl formate is CCOC=O.

 Ethyl formatefactory

This table lists manufacturers and suppliers of this compound, including vendor names and product supply reference information.

Shanghai Nianxing Industrial Co., Ltd
Dayang Chem (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd.
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co., Ltd.
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Chemsrc provides Ethyl formate(CAS#:109-94-4) MSDS, density, melting point, boiling point, structure, formula, molecular weight etc. Articles of Ethyl formate are included as well.>> amp version: Ethyl formate

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