Patulin

Modify Date: 2024-01-05 22:55:31

Patulin Structure
Patulin structure
Common Name Patulin
CAS Number 149-29-1 Molecular Weight 154.120
Density 1.5±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling Point 513.7±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C7H6O4 Melting Point 108-111 °C
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point 226.8±23.6 °C
Symbol GHS06
GHS06
Signal Word Danger

 Use of Patulin


Patulin (Terinin) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi including the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Byssochlamys species, is suspected to be clastogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and cytotoxic. Patulin (Terinin) induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, and causes DNA damage[1][2][3][4].

 Names

Name patulin
Synonym More Synonyms

 Patulin Biological Activity

Description Patulin (Terinin) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi including the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Byssochlamys species, is suspected to be clastogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and cytotoxic. Patulin (Terinin) induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, and causes DNA damage[1][2][3][4].
Related Catalog
References

[1]. Puel O, et al. Biosynthesis and toxicological effects of patulin. Toxins (Basel). 2010 Apr;2(4):613-31.

[2]. Hayes AW, et al. Acute toxicity of patulin in mice and rats. Toxicology. 1979 Jun-Jul;13(2):91-100.

[3]. Glaser N, et al. Patulin: Mechanism of genotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012 May;50(5):1796-801.

[4]. Sun M, et al. Patulin Induces Autophagy-Dependent Apoptosis through Lysosomal-Mitochondrial Axis and Impaired Mitophagy in HepG2 Cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2018 Nov 21;66(46):12376-12384.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Density 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 513.7±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 108-111 °C
Molecular Formula C7H6O4
Molecular Weight 154.120
Flash Point 226.8±23.6 °C
Exact Mass 154.026611
PSA 55.76000
LogP -0.75
Vapour Pressure 0.0±3.0 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.603

 Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
LV2625000
CHEMICAL NAME :
4H-Furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one, 4-hydroxy-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
149-29-1
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
0149675
LAST UPDATED :
199612
DATA ITEMS CITED :
59
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C7-H6-O4
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
154.13
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
T56 BOV GO IU&TJ FQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
27790 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
4590 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
11 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - food intake (animal) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Skin and Appendages - hair
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
8570 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
17 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema Liver - fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
5 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
10 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
5 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intracerebral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
570 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
8 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
10 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - food intake (animal) Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
12 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - pleural effusion
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION :
31500 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION :
10 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION :
23 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Bird - chicken
DOSE/DURATION :
170 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
392 mg/kg/14D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - alteration in gastric secretion Gastrointestinal - gastritis Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
84 mg/kg/4W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
60 mg/kg/30D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
232 mg/kg/58W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
135 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 5 week(s) pre-mating female 5 week(s) pre-mating - 20 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
675 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 5 week(s) pre-mating female 5 week(s) pre-mating - 20 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
135 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
multigenerations
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
24 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 14-19 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
18 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
24 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
TYPE OF TEST :
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test
TEST SYSTEM :
Mammal - domestic Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION :
500 nmol/L
REFERENCE :
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,219,1993 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,83,1986 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,83,1986 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,56,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW LLOYA2 Lloydia. (Cincinnati, OH) V.1-41, 1938-78. For publisher information, see JNPRDF. Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,21,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,225,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JMFTAT Journal of Milk and Food Technology. (Ames, IA) V.10-39, 1947-76. Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,695,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 22HAAD "Microbial Toxins, 1970-72," Ajil, S.J., et al., eds., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1970-72 Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,409,1971 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ARMIAZ Annual Review of Microbiology. (Annual Reviews, Inc., POB 10139, Palo Alto, CA 94303) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,279,1972

 Safety Information

Symbol GHS06
GHS06
Signal Word Danger
Hazard Statements H300-H315
Precautionary Statements P264-P301 + P310
Personal Protective Equipment Eyeshields;Gloves
Hazard Codes T: Toxic;Xn: Harmful;
Risk Phrases R25
Safety Phrases S45-S36/37
RIDADR UN 3462 6.1/PG 2
WGK Germany 3
RTECS LV2625000
Packaging Group I
Hazard Class 6.1(a)

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 Synonyms

(2,4-Dihydroxy-2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic Acid 3,4-Lactone
4H-Furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one, 4-hydroxy-
DL-Patulin
Mycoin C3
4-Hydroxy-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2(6H)-one,PAT
Clavacin
MFCD00005858
Expansin
Claviformin
Penicidin
Clairformin
Patulin
4-hydroxy-4,6-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-one
Leucopin
EINECS 205-735-2
gigantin
Clavatin
UNII:95X2BV4W8R
Expansine
Patuline
Claviform
4-Hydroxy-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2(6H)-one
4H-Furo[3,2-c]pyran-2(6H)-one, 4-hydroxy-
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