Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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4-oxo-4-HPR

4-Oxofenretinide (4-Oxo-4-HPR) is a metabolite of Fenretinide (HY-15373). 4-Oxofenretinide induces cell growth inhibition in ovarian, breast, and neuroblastoma tumor cell lines. 4-Oxofenretinide causes a marked accumulation of cells in G2-M. 4-Oxofenretinide induces cancer cell apoptosis through caspase-9[1].

  • CAS Number: 865536-65-8
  • MF: C26H31NO3
  • MW: 405.53
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.131g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 641.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 341.9ºC

Panaxydol

Panaxydol is isolated from Panax ginseng roots. Panaxydol induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Panaxydol has the potential to be an anticancer agent, especially for EGFR-addicted cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 72800-72-7
  • MF: C17H24O2
  • MW: 260.37100
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Samuraciclib

Samuraciclib (CT7001) is a potent, selective, ATP-competitive and orally active CDK7 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 41 nM. Samuraciclib displays 45-, 15-, 230- and 30-fold selectivity over CDK1, CDK2 (IC50 of 578 nM), CDK5 and CDK9, respectively. Samuraciclib inhibits the growth of breast cancer cell lines with GI50 values between 0.2-0.3 µM. Samuraciclib has anti-tumor effects[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1805833-75-3
  • MF: C22H30N6O
  • MW: 394.51
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SC75741

SC75741 is a broad and efficient NF-κB inhibitor with an IC50 of 200 nM for p65[1]. SC75741 blocks influenza viruses (IV) replication in non-toxic concentrations. SC75741 impairs DNA binding of the NF-κB subunit p65, resulting in reduced expression of cytokines, chemokines, and pro-apoptotic factors. SC75741 subsequently inhibits caspase activation and blocks caspase-mediated nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins[2].

  • CAS Number: 913822-46-5
  • MF: C29H23N7O2S2
  • MW: 567.68400
  • Catalog: Influenza Virus
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lenalidomide-d5

Lenalidomide-d5 is deuterium labeled Lenalidomide. Lenalidomide (CC-5013), a derivative of Thalidomide, acts as molecular glue. Lenalidomide is an orally active immunomodulator. Lenalidomide (CC-5013) is a ligand of ubiquitin E3 ligase cereblon (CRBN), and it causes selective ubiquitination and degradation of two lymphoid transcription factors, IKZF1 and IKZF3, by the CRBN-CRL4 ubiquitin ligase. Lenalidomide (CC-5013) specifically inhibits growth of mature B-cell lymphomas, including multiple myeloma, and induces IL-2 release from T cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1227162-34-6
  • MF: C13H8D5N3O3
  • MW: 264.29
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 614.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 325.1±31.5 °C

Lithocholic acid-d5

Lithocholic acid-d5 is deuterium labeled Lithocholic acid.

  • CAS Number: 52840-06-9
  • MF: C24H35D5O3
  • MW: 381.60
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Prexasertib Mesylate Hydrate

Prexasertib Mesylate Hydrate (LY2606368 Mesylate Hydrate) is a potent, selective, ATP competitive CHK1 and CHK2 inhibitor, with a Ki of 0.9 nM for CHK1 and IC50s of <1 nM, 8 nM for CHK1 and CHK2, respectively. Prexasertib Mesylate Hydrate inhibits HT-29 CHK1 autophosphorylation (S296) and HT-29 CHK2 autophosphorylation (S516). Prexasertib Mesylate Hydrate shows potent anti-tumor activity, significantly abrogates the G2/M checkpoint in p53 deficient HeLa cells with an EC50 of 9 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 1234015-57-6
  • MF: C19H25N7O6S
  • MW: 479.51
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-HBA

2-HBA is a potent inducer of NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) which can also activate caspase-3 and caspase-10.

  • CAS Number: 131359-24-5
  • MF: C17H14O3
  • MW: 266.291
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 495.5±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 267.6±23.8 °C

Methylstat

Methylstat is a potent histone demethylases inhibitor. Methylstat shows anti-proliferative activity with low cytotoxicity. Methylstat induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Methylstat increases the expression of p53 and p21 protein levels. Methylstat inhibits angiogenesis induced by various cytokines. Methylstat can be used as a chemical probe for addressing its role in angiogenesis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1310877-95-2
  • MF: C28H31N3O6
  • MW: 505.562
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Alisertib sodium

Alisertib (MLN 8237) sodium is an orally active and selective Aurora A kinase inhibitor (IC50=1.2 nM), which binds to Aurora A kinase resulting in mitotic spindle abnormalities, mitotic accumulation. Alisertib sodium induces apoptosis and autophagy through targeting the AKT/mTOR/AMPK/p38 pathway in leukemic cells. Antitumor activity[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 1028486-06-7
  • MF: C27H19ClFN4NaO4
  • MW: 540.90500
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Antitumor agent-62

Antitumor agent-62 (Compound 47) is a NO-releasing antitumor agent. Antitumor agent-62 shows antiproliferative activity against four cancer cell lines. Antitumor agent-62 activates mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase[1].

  • CAS Number: 2460735-29-7
  • MF: C21H19N3O9S
  • MW: 489.46
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CID755673

CID755673 is a potent and selective PKD1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 182 nM.

  • CAS Number: 521937-07-5
  • MF: C12H11NO3
  • MW: 217.221
  • Catalog: PKD
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 531.8±38.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 275.4±26.8 °C

Desethylamiodarone

Desethylamiodarone (N-Deethylamiodarone) is the major metabolite of antiarrhythmic compound Amiodarone (HY-14187). Desethylamiodarone has antiarrhythmic activity. Desethylamiodaron also induces cancer cell apoptosis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 83409-32-9
  • MF: C23H25I2NO3
  • MW: 617.25800
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.638 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 630.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 335ºC

Pentosan Polysulfate

Pentosan Polysulfate is a semi-synthetic drug used to treat various medical conditions including thrombi and interstitial cystitis.

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SIRT6 activator 12q

SIRT6 activator 12q is potent, selective and orally active SIRT6 activator with IC50 values of 171.20, >200, >200, >200, 0.58 µM for SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT5, SIRT6, respectively. SIRT6 activator 12q inhibits cell growth and migration. SIRT6 activator 12q induces Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2 phase. SIRT6 activator 12q shows anticancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2601734-99-8
  • MF: C31H22N2O2
  • MW: 454.53
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Methyl (2Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylate

(E)-Methyl 4-coumarate (Methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate), found in several plants, such as green onion (Allium cepa) or noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) leaves. (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate cooperates with Carnosic Acid in inducing apoptosis and killing acute myeloid leukemia cells, but not normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

  • CAS Number: 19367-38-5
  • MF: C10H10O3
  • MW: 178.185
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 306.6±17.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 138-140ºC
  • Flash Point: 132.8±13.7 °C

Fenobucarb-d3

Fenobucarb-d3 is the deuterium labeled Fenobucarb. Fenobucarb is a carbamate insecticide. Fenobucarb induces zebrafish developmental neurotoxicity through pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, degeneration and apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2662756-72-9
  • MF: C12H14D3NO2
  • MW: 210.29
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Dcg066

DCG066 is a G9a inhibitor in vitro.

  • CAS Number: 494786-13-9
  • MF: C30H31F6N3O2
  • MW: 579.58
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Antitumor agent-110

Antitumor agent-110 (compound 13) is an anticancer imidazotetrazine with good permeability properties. Antitumor agent-110 arrests cell cycel at G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2563879-93-4
  • MF: C10H6N6OS
  • MW: 258.26
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ferric ammonium citrate

Ammonium iron(III) citrate (Ammonium ferric citrate), a physiological form of nonetransferrin-bound iron, induces intracellular iron overload to cause ferroptosis[1]. Ammonium iron(III) citrate can enhance protein production[2].

  • CAS Number: 1185-57-5
  • MF: C6H8FeNO7
  • MW: 261.975
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: 1.8 g/cm3 (20ºC)
  • Boiling Point: 197ºC
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Anticancer agent 83

Anticancer agent 83 is a potent anticancer agent, inhibits LOX IMVI cells growth with a GI50 value of 0.15 mM. Anticancer agent 83 reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and induces DNA damage to induces leukemia cells apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 904815-29-8
  • MF: C20H19N5OS
  • MW: 377.46
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Shizukaol D

Shizukaol D is a dimeric sesquiterpene isolated from Chloranthus serratus. Shizukaol D induces apoptosis and attenuated Wnt signalling[1].

  • CAS Number: 142279-42-3
  • MF: C33H38O9
  • MW: 578.65
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 780.8±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 253.4±26.4 °C

MI-1061

MI-1061 is a potent, orally bioavailable, and chemically stable MDM2 (MDM2-p53 interaction) inhibitor (IC50=4.4 nM; Ki=0.16 nM). MI-1061 potently activates p53, induces apoptosis, and has anti-tumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 1410737-34-6
  • MF: C30H26Cl2FN3O4
  • MW: 582.45
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

viFSP1

viFSP1 is a species-independent inhibitor of FSP1 that induces ferroptosis in FSP1-dependent cells. viFSP1 targets the highly conserved NAD(P)H binding pocket of FSP1 and directly inhibits FSP1. viFSP1 induces lipid peroxidation and has anticancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 951945-67-8
  • MF: C16H17N3O3S
  • MW: 331.39
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Anticancer agent 56

Anticancer agent 56 (compound 4d) is a potent anti-cancer agent with drug-likeness properties, possessing anticancer activity against several cancer cell lines (IC50<3 μM). Anticancer agent 56 induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and triggers mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Anticancer agent 56 acts by accumulation of ROS, up regulation of BAX, down regulation of Bcl-2 and activation of caspases 3, 7, 9[1].

  • CAS Number: 2241915-59-1
  • MF: C20H18ClN3O3
  • MW: 383.83
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CITCO

CITCO, an imidazothiazole derivative, is a selective Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) agonist. CITCO inhibits growth and expansion of brain tumour stem cells (BTSCs) and has an EC50 of 49 nM over pregnane X receptor (PXR), and no activity on other nuclear receptors[1].

  • CAS Number: 338404-52-7
  • MF: C19H12Cl3N3OS
  • MW: 436.74200
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.48g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LCH-7749944

LCH-7749944 (GNF-PF-2356) is a potent PAK4 inhibitor with an IC50 of 14.93 μM. LCH-7749944 effectively suppresses the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells through downregulation of PAK4/c-Src/EGFR/cyclin D1 pathway and induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 796888-12-5
  • MF: C20H22N4O2
  • MW: 350.414
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 580.0±58.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 304.6±32.3 °C

Roxadustat-d5

Roxadustat-d5 is deuterium labeled Roxadustat. Roxadustat is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) that promotes erythropoiesis through increasing endogenous erythropoietin, improving iron regulation, and reducing hepcidin[1].

  • CAS Number: 2043026-13-5
  • MF: C19H11D5N2O5
  • MW: 357.37
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MBM-55S

MBM-55S is a potent NIMA-related kinase 2 (Nek2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1 nM. MBM-55S shows a 20-fold or greater selectivity in most kinases with the exception of RSK1 (IC50=5.4 nM) and DYRK1a (IC50=6.5 nM). MBM-55S effectively inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. MBM-55S shows antitumor activities, and no obvious toxicity to mice[1].

  • CAS Number: 2083624-07-9
  • MF: C36H39FN6O10
  • MW: 734.73
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tigatuzumab

Tigatuzumab (CS-1008) is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody targets death receptor 5 (DR5). Tigatuzumab induces cell Apoptosis of cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Tigatuzumab can be used for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 918127-53-4
  • MF:
  • MW: 144.6 (kDa)
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A