Physostigmine

Chemical FormulaC15H21N3O2
57-47-6
CAS Number

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Section II.Composition and Information on Ingredients
Chemical NameCAS Number Percent (%)TLV/PELToxicology Data
Physostigmine free base57-47-6Min. 98.0 Not available.Rat LD50 (oral) 4500 µg/kg
(HPLC,T)Mouse LD50 (oral) 3 mg/kg
Rabbit LD50 (oral)11200 µg/kg

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Section III. Hazards Identification
Acute Health EffectsToxic if ingested or inhaled. Avoid prolonged contact with this material. Overexposure may result in serious illness or death.
Follow safe industrial hygiene practices and always wear proper protective equipment when handling this compound.
Chronic Health EffectsCARCINOGENIC EFFECTS : Not available.
MUTAGENIC EFFECTS : Not available.
TERATOGENIC EFFECTS : Not available.
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Reproductive effects.
Rat TDLo Intraperitoneal 333 µg/kg, male 1 day prior to mating
TOXIC EFFECTS:
Effects on Fertility - Mating performance
Mouse TDLo Intraperitoneal 50 µg/kg, female 13 days of pregnancy
TOXIC EFFECTS:
Effects on Newborn - Biochemical and metabolic
Effects on Newborn - Behavioral
Repeated exposure to an highly toxic material may produce general deterioration of health by an accumulation in one or
many human organs.

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Section IV.First Aid Measures
Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15
Eye Contact
minutes. Get medical attention.
In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing
Skin Contact
and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention immediately.
InhalationIf the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or
waistband. If breathing is difficult, oxygen can be administered. Seek medical attention if respiration problems do not
improve.
IngestionINDUCE VOMITING by sticking finger in throat. Lower the head so that the vomit will not reenter the mouth and throat.
Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation. Examine the lips and mouth to ascertain whether the tissues are damaged, a possible indication that the toxic
material was ingested; the absence of such signs, however, is not conclusive.

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Section V.Fire and Explosion Data
Not available.
May be combustible at high temperature.Auto-Ignition
Flammability
Flammable LimitsNot available.
Flash Points100°C (212°F)
Combustion ProductsThese products are toxic carbon oxides (CO, CO2), nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2).
Fire Hazards
Not available.
Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available.
Explosion Hazards
Risks of explosion of the product in presence of static discharge: Not available.
Continued on Next Page
Physostigmine free base
Fire Fighting Media
SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder.
LARGE FIRE: Use water spray, fog or foam. DO NOT use water jet.
and Instructions
Consult with local fire authorities before attempting large scale fire-fighting operations.

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Section VI.Accidental Release Measures
Spill CleanupHighly toxic material. Air and light sensitive material. Heat sensitive material.
Stop leak if without risk. DO NOT get water inside container. DO NOT touch spilled material. Use water spray to reduce
Instructions
vapors. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Eliminate all sources of ignition. Consult
federal, state, and/or local authorities for assistance on disposal.

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Section VII. Handling and Storage
HIGHLY TOXIC. AIR AND LIGHT SENSITIVE. HEAT SENSITIVE MATERIAL. STORE UNDER INERT GAS. Keep locked
Handling and Storage
up. Keep away from heat. Mechanical exhaust required. When not in use, tightly seal the container and store in a dry, cool
Information
place. Avoid excessive heat and light. DO NOT ingest. Do not breathe dust. Wear suitable protective clothing. If ingested,
seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Treat symptomatically and supportively.
Always store away from incompatible compounds such as oxidizing agents, metals, acids, alkalis (bases).

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Section VIII. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended
Engineering Controls
exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne contaminants
below the exposure limit.
Splash goggles. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Boots. Gloves. A MSHA/NIOSH approved respirator must be used to avoid
Personal Protection
inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling this
product.
Exposure LimitsNot available.

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Section IX. Physical and Chemical Properties
Solid. (Off-white crystal.)Solubility
Physical state @ 20°CVery soluble in dichloromethane.
Soluble in ether, chloroform,
Not available.benzene, alcohol, oils.
Specific Gravity
Slightly soluble in water.
Molecular Weight275.35Partition CoefficientLOG Pow: 2.21
Boiling PointNot available.Not applicable.
Vapor Pressure
Melting Point105°C (221°F)Vapor DensityNot available.
Not available.Not available.
Refractive IndexVolatility
Critical TemperatureNot available.OdorNot available.
Not available.Not available.
ViscosityTaste

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Section X.Stability and Reactivity Data
Stability

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This material is stable if stored under proper conditions. (See Section VII for instructions)
Conditions of InstabilityAvoid excessive heat and light. Air and light sensitive. Store under inert gas.
Turns red on exposure to heat, light, air, and on contact with traces of metals.
Incompatibilities
Reactive with oxidizing agents, metals, acids, alkalis (bases).

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Section XI. Toxicological Information
TJ2100000
RTECS Number
Routes of ExposureEye Contact. Ingestion. Inhalation.
Rat LD50 (oral) 4500 µg/kg
Toxicity Data
Mouse LD50 (oral) 3 mg/kg
Rabbit LD50 (oral)11200 µg/kg
CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS : Not available.
Chronic Toxic Effects
MUTAGENIC EFFECTS : Not available.
TERATOGENIC EFFECTS : Not available.
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Reproductive effects.
Rat TDLo Intraperitoneal 333 µg/kg, male 1 day prior to mating
TOXIC EFFECTS:
Effects on Fertility - Mating performance
Mouse TDLo Intraperitoneal 50 µg/kg, female 13 days of pregnancy
TOXIC EFFECTS:
Effects on Newborn - Biochemical and metabolic
Effects on Newborn - Behavioral
Repeated exposure to an highly toxic material may produce general deterioration of health by an accumulation in one or many
human organs.
Toxic if ingested or inhaled. Avoid prolonged contact with this material. Overexposure may result in serious illness or death.
Acute Toxic Effects
Follow safe industrial hygiene practices and always wear proper protective equipment when handling this compound.
Continued on Next Page
Physostigmine free base

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Section XII.Ecological Information
EcotoxicityNot available.
Not available.
Environmental Fate

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Section XIII. Disposal Considerations
Recycle to process, if possible. Consult your local regional authorities. You may be able to dissolve or mix material with a
Waste Disposal
combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber system. Observe all
federal, state and local regulations when disposing of the substance.

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Section XIV. Transport Information
DOT ClassificationDOT CLASS 6.1: Toxic material.
PIN Number
Proper Shipping NameAlkaloids, solid, n.o.s.
I RQ = 100 (45.4)
Packing Group (PG)
DOT Pictograms

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Section XV. Other Regulatory Information and Pictograms
TSCA Chemical InventoryThis compound is ON the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory list.
(EPA)
WHMIS ClassificationCLASS D-1A: Material causing immediate and serious toxic effects (VERY TOXIC).
On NDSL.
(Canada)
EINECS Number (EEC) 200-332-8
EEC Risk StatementsR26/27/28- Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

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SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C15-H21-N3-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

275.39

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

T B556 EN GNTT&J B1 E1 G1 KOVM1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

20 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - coma Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :

34ZIAG "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,475,1969

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

40 ug/kg/5D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Vascular - BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section

REFERENCE :

AJPSAO American Journal of Psychiatry. (American Psychiatric Assoc., Circulation Dept., 1400 K St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.78- 1921- Volume(issue)/page/year: 143,910,1985

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

3920 ug/kg/2W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity

REFERENCE :

NEURAI Neurology. (Modern Medicine Pub., Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 37,345,1987

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

12 mg/kg/60D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity

REFERENCE :

NEURAI Neurology. (Modern Medicine Pub., Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 37,345,1987

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

882 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970 Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,73,1970

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

2 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,1926,1972

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

3 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

85IXA4 "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,452,1948

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

644 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis

REFERENCE :

FATOAO Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2- 1939- Volume(issue)/page/year: 43,717,1980

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

740 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral - muscle weakness

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 123,121,1958

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

400 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,337,1936

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

330 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

JMCMAR Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037) V.6- 1963- Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,577,1990

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

600 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

USXXAM United States Patent Document. (U.S. Patent Office, Box 9, Washington, DC 20231) Volume(issue)/page/year: #5306825

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

1138 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from large intestine

REFERENCE :

FEPRA7 Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD) V.1-46, 1942-87. Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,184,1946

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :

660 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 88,39,1946

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

11200 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase

REFERENCE :

DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,319,1980

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

2470 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

ABMHAM Archives Belges de Medecine Sociale, Hygiene, Medecine du Trevail et Medecine Legale. (Quartier Esplanade no.6, 1010 Brussels, Belgium) V.4- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: (Suppl),226,1984

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

3 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

85IXA4 "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,452,1948

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

85IXA4 "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,452,1948

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

2200 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase

REFERENCE :

DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,319,1980

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Bird - pigeon

DOSE/DURATION :

450 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1289,1935

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :

600 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

USXXAM United States Patent Document. (U.S. Patent Office, Box 9, Washington, DC 20231) Volume(issue)/page/year: #5409948 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

333 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - mating performance (e.g. # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles)

REFERENCE :

ANENAG Annales d'Endocrinologie. (Masson Editeur, 120 Blvd. Saint-Germain, F-25280 Paris Cedex 06, France) V.1- 1939- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24(Suppl 3),1,1963

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

50 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 13 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

REFERENCE :

FEPRA7 Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD) V.1-46, 1942-87. Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,596,1972 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X4159 No. of Facilities: 7 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 103 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 52 (estimated)