Hexamethylphosphoramide

Modify Date: 2026-06-30 20:17:02

Hexamethylphosphoramide structure	Common Name	Hexamethylphosphoramide
	CAS Number	680-31-9	Molecular Weight	179.20000
	Density	1.03 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)	Boiling Point	230-232 °C740 mm Hg(lit.)
	Molecular Formula	C₆H₁₈N₃OP	Melting Point	7 °C(lit.)
	MSDS	Chinese USA	Flash Point	222 °F
	Symbol	GHS08	Signal Word	Danger

This table lists Chinese names, IUPAC names and various aliases of this chemical substance.

Name	hexamethylphosphoric triamide
Synonym	More Synonyms

This table shows physicochemical parameters including melting point, boiling point, density, solubility and optical rotation. Missing data is marked as N/A.

Density	1.03 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Boiling Point	230-232 °C740 mm Hg(lit.)
Melting Point	7 °C(lit.)
Molecular Formula	C₆H₁₈N₃OP
Molecular Weight	179.20000
Flash Point	222 °F
Exact Mass	179.11900
PSA	36.60000
LogP	0.77930
Vapour density	6.18 (vs air)
Vapour Pressure	0.07 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
Index of Refraction	n20/D 1.459(lit.)
InChIKey	GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES	CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C
Stability	Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
Water Solubility	Miscible
Freezing Point	7℃

This table provides MSDS information including hazard classification, first‑aid, fire‑fighting, spill handling, operation and storage instructions.

Hexamethylphosphoramide MSDS(Chinese)

This table summarizes toxicological test data, acute & chronic toxicity and ecological hazard parameters for this chemical.

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: TD0875000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Phosphoric triamide, hexamethyl-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 680-31-9

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 101

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C6-H18-N3-O-P

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 179.24

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: 1N1&PO&N1&1&N1&1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2650 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - hematuria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - incontinence

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2920 mg/m3/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Blood - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - fasciculations Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - hematuria

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 2400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 2600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 1600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 1175 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - chicken

DOSE/DURATION :: 835 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral - ataxia

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - quail

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 6 gm/kg/60D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 8640 mg/kg/72D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - bronchiectasis Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 ppb/6H/32W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 4600 mg/kg/92D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Endocrine - changes in thymus weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1500 mg/kg/21D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - changes in ovarian weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 ppb/52W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 ppb/35W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 ppb/26W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 ppb/6H/1Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 4000 ppb/39W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 ppb/6H/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 ppb/6H/43W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 ppb/6H/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 ppb/6H/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 ppb/6H/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 2430 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: multigenerations

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 2 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct

TYPE OF TEST :: Specific locus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: Dominant lethal test

TYPE OF TEST :: Heritable translocation test

TYPE OF TEST :: Heritable translocation test

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Dominant lethal test

TYPE OF TEST :: Dominant lethal test

TYPE OF TEST :: Sperm Morphology

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TYPE OF TEST :: Dominant lethal test

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Liver

REFERENCE :: PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,397,1985 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,211,1977 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,211,1977 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,56,1987 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:.;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO THE CHEMICAL-air:CA lowest feasible concentration REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X4066 No. of Facilities: 92 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 700 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 51 (estimated)

This table covers safety warnings, protective measures, incompatible substances and disposal guidelines for this compound.

Symbol	GHS08
Signal Word	Danger
Hazard Statements	H340-H350
Precautionary Statements	P201-P308 + P313
Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
Hazard Codes	T:Toxic;
Risk Phrases	R45;R46
Safety Phrases	S53-S45
RIDADR	2810
WGK Germany	3
RTECS	TD0875000
Packaging Group	III
Hazard Class	6.1(b)

This table presents publicly reported synthetic routes, reaction conditions, reactants and product information of the compound.

This table lists upstream starting materials and downstream derivative products related to this chemical.

Precursor 10
CAS#:1608-26-0 Hexamethylphosp... CAS#:1605-65-8 phosphorodiamid... CAS#:603-35-0 Triphenylphosphine CAS#:555-16-8 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde
CAS#:76486-69-6 tris(dimethylam... CAS#:879634-52-3 Tris-dimethylam... CAS#:124-40-3 Dimethylamine CAS#:56602-33-6 BOP reagent
CAS#:57-11-4 stearic acid CAS#:62-23-7 4-Nitrobenzoic acid
DownStream 10
CAS#:55107-14-7 Methyl 4,4-dime... CAS#:49778-01-0 Imino-tris(dime... CAS#:109-06-8 2-picoline CAS#:43071-19-8 2-(Dimethylamin...
CAS#:3348-44-5 bis(dimethylami... CAS#:14062-78-3 Benzamide,N,N,4... CAS#:14564-86-4 1,1'-(Trimethyl... CAS#:42787-75-7 5-Cyano-5H-dibe...
CAS#:22716-43-4 1,2-Benzisothia... CAS#:2018-71-5 N,N-dimethyl-2-...

This table lists relevant public references with title, journal and publication metadata for this compound.

Mechanistic insight into the formation of cationic naked nanocrystals generated under equilibrium control.

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136(44) , 15702-10, (2014)

Cationic naked nanocrystals (NCs) are useful building units for assembling hierarchical mesostructured materials. Until now, their preparation required strongly electrophilic reagents that irreversibl...

Modified in vivo comet assay detects the genotoxic potential of 14-hydroxycodeinone, an α,β-unsaturated ketone in oxycodone.

Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 56 , 777-87, (2015)

14-Hydroxycodeinone (14-HC) is an α,β-unsaturated ketone impurity found in oxycodone drug substance and has a structural alert for genotoxicity. 14-HC was tested in a combined Modified and Standard Co...

Lewis base-catalyzed conjugate reduction and reductive aldol reaction of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones using trichlorosilane.

Chem. Commun. (Camb.) (36) , 4309-11, (2008)

Lewis bases such as Ph3P=O and HMPA catalyze the 1,4-reduction of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones with trichlorosilane, and because the 1,2-reduction of aldehydes scarcely proceeded under the condition...

This table collects all English aliases, systematic names and CAS‑related synonyms of the compound.

hexamethyl

HMPTA

hexamethylphosphoric triamide

HPT

hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide

HEXAMETAPOL

Hexamethylphosphoramide

ENT 50,882

MFCD00008303

EINECS 211-653-8

HEMPA

HMPA

tris(dimethylamino)phosphine oxide

hexamethyl-phosphoric triamide

PO(NMe2)3 (hexamethylphosphorous triamide)

N,N,N',N',N'',N''-hexamethyl-phosphoric triamide

This section contains frequently‑asked‑questions about this compound, including basic parameters, properties, storage conditions and corresponding answers.

Q: What is the SMILES notation of hexamethylphosphoric triamide?

A: SMILES notation of hexamethylphosphoric triamide is CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C.

Q: What is the InChIKey of hexamethylphosphoric triamide?

A: InChIKey of hexamethylphosphoric triamide is GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N.

Q: What is the safety information for hexamethylphosphoric triamide?

A: Safety information for hexamethylphosphoric triamide: S53-S45.

Q: What English synonyms does hexamethylphosphoric triamide have?

A: English synonyms of hexamethylphosphoric triamide: hexamethyl, HMPTA, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, HPT, hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide, HEXAMETAPOL, Hexamethylphosphoramide, ENT 50,882, MFCD00008303, EINECS 211-653-8, HEMPA, HMPA, tris(dimethylamino)phosphine oxide, hexamethyl-phosphoric triamide, PO(NMe2)3 (hexamethylphosphorous triamide), N,N,N',N',N'',N''-hexamethyl-phosphoric triamide.

Q: What is the LogP of hexamethylphosphoric triamide?

A: LogP of hexamethylphosphoric triamide is 0.77930.

Q: What is the molecular formula of hexamethylphosphoric triamide?

A: Molecular formula of hexamethylphosphoric triamide is C6H18N3OP.

Q: What is the boiling point of hexamethylphosphoric triamide?

A: Boiling point of hexamethylphosphoric triamide is 230-232 °C740 mm Hg(lit.).

Q: What is the English name of hexamethylphosphoric triamide?

A: The English name of hexamethylphosphoric triamide is hexamethylphosphoric triamide.

Q: How is the water solubility of hexamethylphosphoric triamide?

A: Water solubility of hexamethylphosphoric triamide: Miscible.

Q: What is the molecular weight of hexamethylphosphoric triamide?

A: Molecular weight of hexamethylphosphoric triamide is 179.20000.

This table lists manufacturers and suppliers of this compound, including vendor names and product supply reference information.

Shanghai Nianxing Industrial Co., Ltd

Dayang Chem (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd.

Henan Tianfu Chemical Co., Ltd.

Zhongshan Xingrui Chemical Co. , Ltd.

The content on this webpage is sourced from various professional data sources. If you have any questions or concerns regarding the content, please feel free to contact service1@chemsrc.com.

Shanghai Nianxing Industrial Co., Ltd
China
Product Name: Hexamethylphosphoramide
Price: Check
Purity: 98.0%
Delivery: 10 Day
Contact: Yang
Email: sales@echemcloud.com

Dayang Chem (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd.
China
Product Name: Hexamethylphosphoramide
Price: $Inquiry/100g $Inquiry/1kg $Inquiry/100kg $Inquiry/1000kg
Purity: 98.0%
Delivery: Inquiry
Contact: Ms Wang
Email: enquiry@dycnchem.com

Henan Tianfu Chemical Co., Ltd.
China
Product Name: TIANFU-CHEM Hexamethylphosphoramide
Price: $Inquiry/1kg $Inquiry/25kg $Inquiry/1000kg $Inquiry/10ton
Purity: 99.0%
Delivery: Inquiry
Contact: Anson
Email: info@tianfuchem.com

Zhongshan Xingrui Chemical Co. , Ltd.
China
Product Name: Hexamethylphosphoramide
Price: ￥Inquiry/25kg
Purity: 99.0%
Delivery: Inquiry
Contact: Wang Jie
Email: 3096638339@qq.com

Get all suppliers and price by the below link:

Hexamethylphosphoramide suppliers

Hexamethylphosphoramide price

Hexamethylphosphoramide

Names

Chemical & Physical Properties

MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

MUTATION DATA

Safety Information

Synthetic Route

Precursor & DownStream

Articles30

Synonyms

Hexamethylphosphoramide | FAQ

Hexamethylphosphoramidefactory

The content on this webpage is sourced from various professional data sources. If you have any questions or concerns regarding the content, please feel free to contact service1@chemsrc.com.