< 生产厂家价格 >

氯化铵

氯化铵用途

氯化铵作为调节pH值的异极性化合物,可引起细胞内碱化和代谢性酸中毒,从而影响酶活性,影响生物系统的进程。氯化铵是一种自噬抑制剂[1][2]。

点击显示

氯化铵名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
12125-02-9

[ 中文名 ]:
氯化铵

[ 英文名 ]:
Ammonium Chloride

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

Ammonium chloride
ammonia chloride
amine hydrochloride
Ammonium Chlorid
threo-amine hydrochloride
EINECS 235-186-4
ammonium cloride
MFCD00011420

氯化铵生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

氯化铵作为调节pH值的异极性化合物,可引起细胞内碱化和代谢性酸中毒,从而影响酶活性,影响生物系统的进程。氯化铵是一种自噬抑制剂[1][2]。

[ 相关类别 ]:

研究领域 >> 癌症

信号通路 >> 自噬 >> 自噬

[体外研究]

氯化铵(NH4Cl)是一种溶酶体抑制剂,可提高溶酶体内pH值,在感染小鼠L细胞期间降低呼肠孤病毒的产量[2]。

[体内研究]

氯化铵(饮用水中0.28 M)通过减少收缩功能障碍、心肌肥大、炎症、凋亡和自噬[1],促进体内心肌细胞的存活。动物模型：8-9周龄C57B/L6小鼠[1]剂量：饮用水中0.28M(5mg/kg阿霉素,每周1次,共2周)给药：饮用水中0.28M(5mg/kg阿霉素,每周1次,共2周)结果：有效改善阿霉素(DOX)诱导的小鼠心肌细胞凋亡和心功能不全。

[参考文献]

[1]. Huang X, et al. NH4Cl treatment prevents doxorubicin-induced myocardial dysfunction in vivo. Life Sci. 2019;227:94-100.

[2]. Canning WM, Fields BN. Ammonium chloride prevents lytic growth of reovirus and helps to establish persistent infection in mouse L cells. Science. 1983;219(4587):987-988.

氯化铵物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.52

[ 沸点 ]:
100 °C750 mm Hg

[ 熔点 ]:
340 °C (subl.)(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
ClH₄N

[ 分子量 ]:
53.49150

[ 精确质量 ]:
53.00320

[ LogP ]:
1.17820

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色结晶固体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
1.9 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
1 mm Hg ( 160.4 °C)

[ 折射率 ]:
1.642

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong bases.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
soluble

氯化铵MSDS

氯化铵毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: BP4550000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Ammonium chloride

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 12125-02-9

LAST UPDATED :: 199806

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 38

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: Cl-H4-N

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 53.50

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: Z& G

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - infant

DOSE/DURATION :: 2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Cardiac - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1650 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 30 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 485 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 358 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - coma Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 78 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 72 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 220 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - domestic

DOSE/DURATION :: 1500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation) Behavioral - tremor Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 51660 mg/kg/10W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in calcium

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Fibroblast

REFERENCE :: FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,623,1984 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-STEL 20 mg/m3, fume DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 10 mg/m3, fume DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 10 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,12,1971 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 10 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 mg/m3;STEL 20 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 10 mg/m3;STEL 20 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 10 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 10 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 10 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 10 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 6 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 10 mg/m3;STEL 20 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO AMMONIUM CHLORIDE-air:10H TWA 10 mg/m3;STEL 20 mg/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 05270 No. of Facilities: 29596 (estimated) No. of Industries: 223 No. of Occupations: 97 No. of Employees: 259567 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 05270 No. of Facilities: 24833 (estimated) No. of Industries: 180 No. of Occupations: 131 No. of Employees: 415676 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 139037 (estimated)

点击显示

氯化铵安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS07

[ 信号词 ]:
Warning

[ 危害声明 ]:
H302-H319

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P305 + P351 + P338

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn:Harmful

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R22;R36

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S22-S36-S26

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 9085

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
BP4550000

[ 海关编码 ]:
2827101000

氯化铵合成路线

氯化铵上下游产品

氯化铵上游产品

氯化铵下游产品

氯化铵制备

1.气液相合成法将氯化氢气体从湍流吸收塔的底部通入，与塔顶喷淋的循环母液接触，生成饱和氯化氢的氯化铵母液流入反应器，与通入氨气进行中和反应，生成氯化铵饱和溶液。送至冷却结晶器，经冷却至30～45℃，析出过饱和的氯化铵晶体。把结晶器上部氯化铵溶液送至风冷器冷却并循环至结晶器；下部晶浆经稠厚器增稠后再离心分离，制得氯化铵成品。其反应方程式如下：

经离心分离的母液送至湍流吸收塔循环使用。
2.复分解法首先将氯化铵母液加入反应器中加热至105℃后，加入硫酸铵和食盐，于117℃进行复分解反应，生成氯化铵溶液和硫酸钠结晶，经过滤分离除去硫酸钠，将氯化铵饱和溶液送至冷却结晶器，冷却至32～35℃析出结晶，过滤，把结晶分别用4种不同浓度(15～17°Bé，11～12°Bé，10°Bé，9.5～10°Bé)的氯化铵溶液进行淋洗，控制Fe＜0.008%，SO42-＜0.001%，淋洗至合格后，再用氯化铵溶液重新将结晶调成浆状，送入离心机分离脱水，再经热风干燥，制得工业氯化铵成品。其反应方程式如下：

母液送至复分解反应器循环使用。过滤分离的硫酸钠用于生产元明粉。
3.重结晶法将粗品氯化铵加入溶解器，通人蒸汽溶解，经过滤，将滤液冷却结晶、离心分离、干燥，制得工业氯化铵成品。离心分离的母液返回溶解器使用。重结晶法　将工业级氯化铵加入已盛有蒸馏水的溶解器中，通过加热使其溶解，加入除砷剂和除重金属剂进行溶液净化、过滤，除去砷和重金属等杂质，将滤液冷却结晶、离心分离、干燥，制得食用氯化铵成品。 4. 每100kg工业氯化铵加200kg蒸馏水，搅拌并加热溶解，然后加入硫化铵，充分搅拌后静置澄清，滤去沉淀杂质（As ₂S ₃ Pbs）；依次在溶液中加入草酸铵（或8-羟基喹啉）和硝酸钡，以除去Ca2+ Mg ²⁺ SO ₄ ^2- HPO ₄ ^2-等杂质离子；加入双氧水并加热至沸，再加入活性炭和碳酸铵，用氨水调pH值为12，适当浓缩后（补充氨水，维持碱性），趁热用两层玻璃丝布和中间夹一层过滤纸进行过滤，以除去水不溶物、草酸钙、硫酸钡、磷酸钡、氢氧化铁等杂质。滤液冷却结晶、甩干、烘干得成品。为除去杂质所添加的试剂用量应根据原料中杂质含量而定。结晶母液可回收循环，但一般不超过四次。 5. 在冷却条件下（用冰或冷水），将相对密度为1.12的化学纯盐酸分次少量加到化学纯氨水（相对密度0.91）中，使其完全中和：若溶液呈酸性则需添加少量氨水使溶液呈碱性后加热至沸，趁热过滤，滤液浓缩蒸发到有结晶薄膜止，冷却结晶（必要时用冰水冷却）、干燥，可得氯化铵试剂。若使用高纯盐酸、高纯氨水和电导水，可得到高纯氯化铵。 6. 一步热法　将制碱母液送至蒸发锅加热至沸腾（≥110℃）浓缩。待有NH4Cl结晶析出即停止加热，然后加BaCl2除SO2－4，加KMnO4除铁质。澄清一下即可趁热（≥100℃）保温过滤。大量的食盐结晶和其他水不溶物被滤掉，滤渣送化盐池回收食盐，滤液送结晶器进行冷却结晶。结晶的氯化铵送至离心机甩干，并用适量的水洗涤，以洗去晶间残余母液，然后干燥，包装。还可以用氯化氢和氨反应制取，或利用炼焦所得的氨气与氯化氢反应的气相合成法制取，或用硫酸铵与食盐作用的复分解法制得，以及联碱法的副产物。

点击显示

氯化铵海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2827101000

氯化铵文献

Improved ethanol tolerance and ethanol production from glycerol in a streptomycin-resistant Klebsiella variicola mutant obtained by ribosome engineering.

Bioresour. Technol. 176 , 156-62, (2014)

To improve the ethanol tolerance of the Klebsiella variicola strain TB-83, we obtained the streptomycin-resistant, ethanol-tolerant mutant strain TB-83D by a ribosome engineering approach. Strain TB-8...

A synthetic O2 -tolerant butanol pathway exploiting native fatty acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli.

Biotechnol. Bioeng. 112(1) , 120-8, (2014)

Several synthetic metabolic pathways for butanol synthesis have been reported in Escherichia coli by modification of the native CoA-dependent pathway from selected Clostridium species. These pathways ...

Systematic comparison of the effects of alpha-synuclein mutations on its oligomerization and aggregation.

PLoS Genet. 10(11) , e1004741, (2014)

Aggregation of alpha-synuclein (ASYN) in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites is the typical pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. Furthermore, mutations in the gene ...

更多文献

氯化铵相关知识

氯化铵如何制备？

2022-04-26 17:33:01

氯化铵的制备有如下的步骤：　　一种多级（三级）闪蒸降温连续结晶生产高纯度氯化铵的方法，依次进行如下步骤：　　1）将7500公斤重量含量（纯度）为96.5%氯化铵（属于离子交换法生产碳酸钾的副产品）投入9000L自来水中并加热至100～105℃，得100～105℃温度下的氯化铵饱和溶液Ⅰ；　　2）于...

氯化铵应用在哪些领域？

2022-04-26 17:22:01

氯化铵为无色等轴系结晶，易吸潮结块。氯化铵溶于水呈弱酸性，加热时酸性增强，对金属有强烈的腐蚀作用。中国纯碱工业广泛采用侯氏制碱法(联碱法)生产氯化铵，氯化铵分农业用和工业用两种规格，农业用氯化铵含量大于96%，工业用氯化铵含量大于99%。中国焦化厂应用联碱法原理，以焦炉煤气净化的产品浓氨水为原料生...

氯化铵

氯化铵用途

氯化铵名称

氯化铵生物活性

氯化铵物理化学性质

氯化铵MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

氯化铵毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

MUTATION DATA

氯化铵安全信息

氯化铵合成路线

详细合成路线

氯化铵上下游产品

氯化铵上游产品

氯化铵下游产品

氯化铵制备

氯化铵海关

氯化铵文献

相关化工产品/化学物质：

相关药品：

推荐生产厂家/供应商：

氯化铵相关知识

相关化合物