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吡虫啉

吡虫啉用途

Imidacloprid是一种有效且广泛使用的新烟碱类农药,用于控制谷物,蔬菜,茶叶和棉花的害虫。

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吡虫啉名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
138261-41-3

[ 中文名 ]:
1-((6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-硝基咪唑烷-2-亚胺

[ 英文名 ]:
Imidacloprid

[中文别名 ]:

吡虫啉

[英文别名 ]:

MFCD01721131
EINECS 200-835-2
Imidacloprid

吡虫啉生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

Imidacloprid是一种有效且广泛使用的新烟碱类农药,用于控制谷物,蔬菜,茶叶和棉花的害虫。

[ 相关类别 ]:

信号通路 >> 其他 >> 其他

研究领域 >> 代谢疾病

研究领域 >> 神经疾病

[体外研究]

在脂肪细胞(3T3-L1),肝细胞(HepG2)和肌管(C2C12)细胞培养模型中,吡虫啉降低了胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖摄取。用吡虫啉处理减少了蛋白激酶B(AKT)的磷酸化,这是胰岛素信号传导的主要调节因子之一,而不改变总体AKT表达。吡虫啉降低了核糖体S6激酶(S6K)的磷酸化,这是AKT的下游靶标,也是胰岛素信号传导的反馈抑制剂[1]。

[体内研究]

高剂量的吡虫啉引起认知功能的恶化,特别是在幼鼠中,并且这种恶化可能与相关基因表达的变化有关。在婴儿模型组中,在2和8mg/kg剂量下以及在成年大鼠中以8mg/kg剂量显着减少学习活动。此外,发现GRIN1,SYP和GAP-43的表达水平无显着变化[2]。早期发展暴露于吡虫啉对斑马鱼的神经行为功能具有早期和持续影响。在幼虫中,两种剂量的发育性吡虫啉暴露显着降低了游泳活动。在青少年和成年鱼类中,吡虫啉的发育暴露显着降低了新的坦克探索和增加感觉运动对惊吓刺激的反应[3]。在20mg/kg /天时观察到体重增加的减少,并且在尸检时,在该剂量水平下肝脏,肾脏和肾上腺的相对体重也显着增加。在最高剂量暴露时,自发运动活性也降低,因为血液学和尿液参数没有显着变化。大剂量吡虫啉暴露的大鼠脑,肝,肾均有轻度病理改变[4]。 20mg/kg的吡虫啉在肝脏中产生SOD,CAT,GPx,GSH,LPO的显着变化;大脑中的SOD,CAT和GPx以及肾脏中的LPO [5]。高剂量的吡虫啉特异性抑制细胞介导的免疫应答,这可从DTH反应降低和T淋巴细胞对PHA的刺激指数降低中看出。在脾脏和肝脏中也观察到显着的组织病理学改变。小鼠足垫切片的组织病理学分析显示剂量相关的DTH反应抑制[6]。

[动物实验]

大鼠：成年女性分为四组。一组用作对照，并通过管饲法给予玉米油作为载体。向雌性大鼠给予3组5,10和20mg / kg /天的吡虫啉90天。在整个实验期间记录体重，食物消耗和临床毒性迹象。在初始和90天收集尿液用于尿液分析。每周对每组的个体动物进行称重并记录体重[4]。小鼠：吡虫啉每天以10,5或2.5mg / kg口服给药28天。体液和细胞免疫应答的具体参数，包括对绵羊红细胞的血凝抗体（HA）滴度（SRBC; T依赖性抗原），对SRBC的迟发型超敏反应（DTH）和响应于植物血凝素的T淋巴细胞增殖（PHA））评估[6]。

[参考文献]

[1]. Kim J, et al. Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, induces insulin resistance. J Toxicol Sci. 2013;38(5):655-60.

[2]. Kara M, et al. Insecticide imidacloprid influences cognitive functions and alters learning performance and related gene expression in a rat model. Int J Exp Pathol. 2015 Oct;96(5):332-7.

[3]. Crosby EB, et al. Neurobehavioral impairments caused by developmental imidacloprid exposure in zebrafish. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2015 May-Jun;49:81-90.

[4]. Bhardwaj S, et al. A 90 days oral toxicity of imidacloprid in female rats: morphological, biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 May;48(5):1185-90.

[5]. Kapoor U, et al. Effect of imidacloprid on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in female rats to derive its No Observed Effect Level (NOEL). J Toxicol Sci. 2010 Aug;35(4):577-81.

[6]. Badgujar PC, et al. Immunotoxic effects of imidacloprid following 28 days of oral exposure in BALB/c mice. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2013 May;35(3):408-18.

[相关活性小分子]

吡虫啉物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.6±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
442.3±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
144ºC

[ 分子式 ]:
C₉H₁₀ClN₅O₂

[ 分子量 ]:
255.661

[ 闪点 ]:
221.3±31.5 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
255.052307

[ PSA ]:
89.04000

[ LogP ]:
-0.43

[ 外观性状 ]:
固体;White to Light yellow powder to crystal

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.706

[ 储存条件 ]:
0-6°C

[ 水溶解性 ]:
0.061 g/100mL at 20 ºC

吡虫啉MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

吡虫啉毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: NJ0560000

CHEMICAL NAME :: 2-Imidazolidinimine, 1-((6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)-N-nitro-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 138261-41-3

LAST UPDATED :: 199806

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 5

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C9-H10-Cl-N5-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 255.69

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 410 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AGJAEP Agrochemcicals Japan. (Japan Plant Protection Association, 1-43-11, Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170, Japan) No.62- 1993- Volume(issue)/page/year: (63),15,1993

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >5323 mg/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AGJAEP Agrochemcicals Japan. (Japan Plant Protection Association, 1-43-11, Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170, Japan) No.62- 1993- Volume(issue)/page/year: (63),15,1993

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AGJAEP Agrochemcicals Japan. (Japan Plant Protection Association, 1-43-11, Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170, Japan) No.62- 1993- Volume(issue)/page/year: (63),15,1993

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 98 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NNGADV Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi. Journal of the Pesticide Science Society of Japan. (Nippon Noyaku Gakkai, 1-43-11, Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170, Japan) V.1- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,S209,1994 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 4550 mg/kg/13W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :: TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 36(1,pt2),64,1997

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吡虫啉安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS07

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H225-H302-H312-H319-H332

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P280-P305 + P351 + P338

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
N: Dangerous for the environment;Xn: Harmful;F: Flammable;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R11

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
26-36-22

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2588

[ RTECS号 ]:
NJ0560000

[ 包装等级 ]:
III

[ 危险类别 ]:
6.1(b)

[ 海关编码 ]:
2933399026

吡虫啉海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2933399026

吡虫啉文献

Efficient removal of insecticide "imidacloprid" from water by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes.

Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 21(14) , 8387-97, (2014)

The oxidative degradation of imidacloprid (ICP) has been carried out by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs), anodic oxidation, and electro-Fenton, in which hydroxyl radicals are gener...

Evaluation of imidacloprid-induced neurotoxicity in male rats: a protective effect of curcumin.

Neurochem. Int. 78 , 122-9, (2014)

The present study was carried out to evaluate the neurotoxic effect and biochemical alteration as a result of imidacloprid (IMI) exposure and potential protective role of curcumin (Cur) against it in ...

Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry as a new approach to analyze neonicotinoid insecticides.

J. Chromatogr. A. 1359 , 317-24, (2014)

This paper represents the first report of a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method compatible with mass spectrometry (MS) detection for simultaneously analyzing seven neonicotinoid insecticides (acetam...

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吡虫啉