甲基亚硝基脲

甲基亚硝基脲用途

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU;MNU;NMH) 是一种有效的致癌剂,诱变剂和致畸剂。N-Nitroso-N-methylurea 是一种直接作用的烷基化剂,与 DNA 相互作用。N-Nitroso-N-methylurea 靶向多种动物器官,以引起各种癌症和/或变性疾病。N-Nitroso-N-methylurea 也是一种重氮甲烷合成中的前体物质。

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甲基亚硝基脲名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
684-93-5

[ 中文名 ]:
甲基亚硝基脲

[ 英文名 ]:
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

EINECS 211-678-4
1-Methyl-1-nitrosourea
Urea, N-methyl-N-nitroso-
N-nitroso-N-methylurea
MFCD00014794

甲基亚硝基脲生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

[ 相关类别 ]:

研究领域 >> 癌症

信号通路 >> 细胞周期/DNA损伤 >> DNA烷基化剂/交联剂

[体外研究]

N-亚硝基-N-甲基脲(NMU；5μM)可提高人恶性角质形成细胞NF-κB活性。N-亚硝基-N-甲基脲也增加了I-κBα磷酸化的量[5]。

[体内研究]

N-亚硝基-N-甲基脲(NMU)静脉注射给50天龄的大鼠,89%的BUF/N、73%的Sprague-Dawley和89%的F344雌性大鼠诱发乳腺癌。潜伏期分别为77、86和94天。NMU诱发原发癌和移植癌的倍增时间与7d相似。恶病质在第一个肿瘤发生后的第5周发生。当肿瘤大于15g时,通常会出现高钙血症[1]。

[参考文献]

[1]. Gullino PM, et al. N-nitrosomethylurea as mammary gland carcinogen in rats. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1975 Feb;54(2):401-14.

[2]. Tsubura A, et al. Review: Animal models of N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary cancer and retinal degeneration with special emphasis on therapeutic trials. In Vivo. 2011 Jan-Feb;25(1):11-22.

[3]. Johnson EM, et al. Effects of N-nitroso-N-methylurea on enzymatic ontogeny associated with teratogenesis. Teratology. 1968 May;1(2):179-91.

[4]. Silvia Garbarino, et al. One-pot synthesis of α-haloketones employing a membrane-based semibatch diazomethane generator. Journal of Flow Chemistry volume 6, pages211-217(2016).

[5]. Moon KY. N-nitroso-N-methylurea and N-nitroso-N-ethylurea induce upregulation of cellular NF-kappa B activity through protein kinase C-dependent pathway in human malignant keratinocytes. Arch Pharm Res. 2010 Jan;33(1):133-9.

甲基亚硝基脲物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.5±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
164.3±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
119-124°C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₂H₅N₃O₂

[ 分子量 ]:
103.080

[ 闪点 ]:
53.1±22.6 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
103.038177

[ PSA ]:
75.76000

[ LogP ]:
-0.03

[ 外观性状 ]:
固体

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
2.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.545

[ 储存条件 ]:
2-8°C

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong acids.

甲基亚硝基脲MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

甲基亚硝基脲安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS06, GHS08

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H228-H301-H350-H360

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P201-P210-P301 + P310-P308 + P313

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P2 (EN 143) respirator cartridges;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
F:Flammable

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R45;R46;R61;R11;R25

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S53-S45-S24/25-S22

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1325 4.1/PG 2

[ WGK德国 ]:
-

[ RTECS号 ]:
YT7875000

[ 包装等级 ]:
III

[ 危险类别 ]:
6.1(b)

甲基亚硝基脲合成路线

详细合成路线

甲基亚硝基脲上下游产品

甲基亚硝基脲上游产品

甲基亚硝基脲下游产品

甲基亚硝基脲制备

用甲胺、浓盐酸、水、尿素煮沸，冷却后与氢氧化钠反应制得。

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甲基亚硝基脲文献

A novel toxicogenomics-based approach to categorize (non-)genotoxic carcinogens.

Arch. Toxicol. 89 , 2413-27, (2015)

Alternative methods to detect non-genotoxic carcinogens are urgently needed, as this class of carcinogens goes undetected in the current testing strategy for carcinogenicity under REACH. A complicatin...

Optimal dose selection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea for the rat comet assay to evaluate DNA damage in organs with different susceptibility to cytotoxicity.

Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. 786-788 , 129-36, (2015)

The in vivo rodent alkaline comet assay (comet assay) is a promising technique to evaluate DNA damage in vivo. However, there is no agreement on a method to evaluate DNA damage in organs where cytotox...

Multiple programmed cell death pathways are involved in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced photoreceptor degeneration.

Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 253 , 721-31, (2015)

To identify programmed cell death (PCD) pathways involved in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced photoreceptor (PR) degeneration.Adult C57BL/6 mice received a single MNU i.p. injection (60 mg/kg body...

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