碘化钾
碘化钾用途
碘化钾名称
[ CAS 号 ]:
7681-11-0
[ 中文名 ]:
碘化钾
[ 英文名 ]:
Potassium iodide
[中文别名 ]:
[英文别名 ]:
- iodic acid potassium salt
- potassium,iodide
- Potassium salt of hydriodic acid
- EINECS 231-659-4
- POTASSIUM MONOIODIDE
- Potassium iodide (JP15/USP)
- Potassium iodide
- Potassium iodide [JAN]
- MFCD00011355
- Patassium Iodide
碘化钾物理化学性质
[ 密度 ]:
3.13
[ 沸点 ]:
1330 ºC
[ 熔点 ]:
680 ºC
[ 分子式 ]:
IK
[ 分子量 ]:
166.003
[ 闪点 ]:
1330°C
[ 精确质量 ]:
165.868164
[ 外观性状 ]:
白色至灰白色结晶粉末
[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
9 (vs air)
[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.31 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
[ 折射率 ]:
1.677
[ 储存条件 ]:
Store at RT.
[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Protect from light and moisture. Incompatible with strong reducing agents, strong acids, steel, aluminium, alkali metals, brass, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, copper, tin, nickel and their alloys.
[ 水溶解性 ]:
1.43 kg/L
碘化钾MSDS
碘化钾毒性和生态
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
- RTECS NUMBER :
- TT2975000
- CHEMICAL NAME :
- Potassium iodide
- CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
- 7681-11-0
- LAST UPDATED :
- 199710
- DATA ITEMS CITED :
- 20
- MOLECULAR FORMULA :
- I-K
- MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
- 166.00
- WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
- KA I
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 167 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1862 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - muscle weakness Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1117 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 916 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 2700 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 1-39 week(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - endocrine system
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 3240 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 1-39 week(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - endocrine system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other neonatal measures or effects Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 10530 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 1-9 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 822 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- male 2 week(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 13 day(s) post-birth
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 922 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- male 2 week(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 21 day(s) post-birth
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 300 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 9 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 3600 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 5-16 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 294 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 30 day(s) pre-mating
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 1177 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 30 day(s) pre-mating
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
MUTATION DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Cytogenetic analysis
- TEST SYSTEM :
- Rodent - rat Ascites tumor
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 500 mg/kg
- REFERENCE :
- GANNA2 Gann. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. (Tokyo, Japan) V.1-75, 1907-84. For publisher information, see JJCREP. Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,155,1963 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PCNAA8 Pediatric Clinics of North America. (W.B. Saunders Co., W. Washington Sq., Philadelphia, PA 19105) V.1- 1954- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,413,1961 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 81683 No. of Facilities: 5350 (estimated) No. of Industries: 60 No. of Occupations: 38 No. of Employees: 45136 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 81683 No. of Facilities: 8947 (estimated) No. of Industries: 95 No. of Occupations: 86 No. of Employees: 243989 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 149229 (estimated)
碘化钾安全信息
[ 符号 ]:
GHS07
[ 信号词 ]:
Warning
[ 危害声明 ]:
H302-H315-H319
[ 警示性声明 ]:
P305 + P351 + P338
[ 靶器官 ]:
Thyroid.
[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter
[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
C:Corrosive
[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R36/37/38
[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S26-Section-S24/25-S36-S45-S36/37/39-S53
[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2056 3/PG 2
[ WGK德国 ]:
2
[ RTECS号 ]:
NN1575000
[ 包装等级 ]:
II
[ 危险类别 ]:
8
[ 海关编码 ]:
2827600000
碘化钾合成路线
碘化钾上下游产品
碘化钾上游产品
碘化钾下游产品
碘化钾制备
1.目前国内大多采用甲酸还原法生产碘化钾。即以碘与氢氧化钾作用生成碘化钾和碘酸钾,再用甲酸或木炭还原碘酸钾而得。但此法中有碘酸盐生成,产品不宜作为食品添加剂。食品级碘化钾可采用铁屑法生产。
2.铁屑法即以碘和铁屑为原料。将一份铁屑置于反应器中,加入7份(质量)的水,在65~cT(温度过高碘容易升华)分批加入3.3份的碘。加入碘片后溶液呈深红棕色,待溶液呈淡绿色后方可加入第二批碘片。然后滤去铁屑,得到碘化亚铁溶液,将此溶液加入10:3(质量)的碳酸钾水溶液,生成碳酸铁沉淀和碘化钾溶液。静置溶液,待澄清后析出上层清液,加热浓缩至相对密度1.75~1.81后再过滤;滤液继续蒸发至相对密度1.93~1.98时,趁热过滤。冷却至60~70℃静置结晶,分离后在70~90℃下干燥得无水碘化钾产品。
将碘放入反应器中,加入水搅拌,慢慢加入氢氧化钾溶液进行反应得到pH5~6的碘酸钾溶液,再加入甲酸还原,调节溶液pH为9~10,加热保温,静置过滤。经浓缩,冷却结晶即可。或者由铁屑与碘反应,生成碘化铁与碘化亚铁的混合物,然后与碳酸钾反应,生成碘化钾。还可以用氢碘酸与碳酸钾在氢气流中反应,得到碘化钾。
3..碳酸氢钾与氢碘酸反应可制得碘化钾。使用纯的氢碘酸溶液和精制的碳酸氢钾反应,然后在弱碱性下导入H2S使微量的碘消失。如有沉淀,进行过滤,滤液在弱碱下直接浓缩。当结晶析出时,冷却并搅拌,使成细小的结晶,离心脱水,在真空干燥器中干燥,储存于氢氧化钾的干燥器中。如在氢气流中加热碘化钾至725℃,以除去晶体内部包含的母液即可得纯的碘化钾。
4..甲酸还原法 将工业级碘片加入带搅拌的反应器,加入水,在搅拌下缓慢加入相对密度为1.3左右的氢氧化钾溶液使其反应完全。反应溶液呈紫褐色,ph值为5~6时,容器中出现部分碘酸钾结晶。在溶液中缓慢加入甲酸,还原碘酸钾。经甲酸还原后的溶液再加入苛性钾,调ph值为9~10。通入蒸汽,保温1~2h。加入除砷剂、除重金属剂,静置、过滤除去不溶物,得到清亮滤液,经蒸发浓缩至大部分结晶析出,再经冷却结晶、离心分离,将结晶在110℃干燥,制得碘化钾成品。其反应式如下。
5..铁屑还原法 将理论量100%~103%的苛性钾加入盛有蒸馏水的反应器中,在搅拌下分次加入定量碘,于80~90℃保温搅拌反应约1h,反应液为棕色,ph值为6~7时,出现碘酸钾结晶。将反应液降温至30℃以下,加入铁屑使碘酸钾还原成碘化钾。开始反应剧烈,待反应液缓和后,加热煮沸,继续搅拌反应1~2h,然后用10%的苛性钾溶液调节ph值为8,加入除砷剂和除重金属进行溶液净化,静置、过滤,除去砷和重金属等杂质,将滤液蒸发浓缩析出结晶,再经冷却结晶、离心分离、干燥,制得食用碘化钾成品,其反应式如下。
7.硫化物法 由硫酸钾与硫化钡作用,生成硫化钾。再用硫化钾和碘反应,除去硫磺,浓缩,干燥,即得成品。铁屑法原料易得,价格便宜,生产安全,操作易掌握,但收率偏低。还原法甲酸来源有限,生产过程中有碘酸盐生成,成品不宜作食品添加剂,但工艺比较简单。中和法所用氢碘酸系强酸,腐蚀性强,需采取安全防护措施,但所得成品纯度较高。
8.中和法 将氢碘酸与碳酸钾在氢气流中反应而得。
碘化钾海关
[ 海关编码 ]: 2827600000
碘化钾文献
Talanta 140 , 189-97, (2015)
Monochloramine (MCA) may enter the aquatic environment through three main sources: wastewater treatment plant effluents, industrial effluents and thermal power plant wastes. Up to date, there are no a...
Toxic impact of bromide and iodide on drinking water disinfected with chlorine or chloramines.Environ. Sci. Technol. 48(20) , 12362-9, (2014)
Disinfectants inactivate pathogens in source water; however, they also react with organic matter and bromide/iodide to form disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Although only a few DBP classes have been sy...
Electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide on a Pt electrode and its use as amperometric sensor in microchip electrophoresis.Electrophoresis 36 , 1886-93, (2015)
This report describes the development and application of a novel graphene-modified electrode to be used as amperometric sensor in microchip electrophoresis (ME) devices. The modified electrode was ach...
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相关化合物
【碘化钾】化源网提供碘化钾CAS号7681-11-0,碘化钾MSDS及其说明、性质、英文名、生产厂家、作用/用途、分子量、密度、沸点、熔点、结构式等。CAS号查询碘化钾上化源网,专业又轻松。>>电脑版:碘化钾
标题:碘化钾_MSDS_用途_密度_碘化钾CAS号【7681-11-0】_化源网 地址:https://m.chemsrc.com/mip/cas/7681-11-0_245497.html