123-91-1

123-91-1结构式

常用中文名：1,4-二氧六环
常用英文名：1,4-Dioxane
CAS号：123-91-1
分子式：C₄H₈O₂
分子量：88.10510
相关类别：生物化工酶及辅酶类药
发布时间：2018-02-08 08:00:00
更新时间：2024-01-02 10:12:23
【用途一】
用作醋酸纤维素、树脂、植物油、矿物油、溶性染料等的溶剂，用于制喷漆、清漆、增塑剂、润滑剂等
【用途二】
用作色谱分析试剂及乙酸纤维及其衍生物的溶剂
【用途三】
用作醋酸纤维素、植物油、矿物油、溶性染料等的溶剂，用于制喷漆、清漆、增塑剂、润滑剂等
【用途四】
该品在医药、化妆品、香料等特殊精细化学品制造，以及科学研究中作为溶剂、反应介质、萃取剂使用。在日本，该品主要用作1,1,1-三氯乙烷的稳定剂，添加量为2.5-4%；其次，应用较多的是作为聚氨酯合成革、氨基酸合成革等的反应溶剂。该品溶解能力强，与二甲基甲酰胺相近，比四氢呋喃强。二氧六环有以下用途值得重视：（1）与三氧化硫形成络合物，可用作许多化合物合成时的硫酸化剂；（2）用于医药、农药的提取，石油产品的脱蜡等；（3）用作染料分散剂、木材着色剂的分散剂以及油溶性染料的溶剂；（4）用作高纯度金属表面处理剂等。该品对皮肤、肺、粘膜有刺激性。严重中毒时可损害肝、肾。

中文名	1,4-二氧六环
英文名	1,4-Dioxane
中文别名	1,4-二噁烷二氧六环 1,4-二氧杂环己烷
英文别名	DIOXANE, 1,4- 1,4-Dioxan Diethylene oxide MFCD00006571 para-dioxane 1,4-Diethylene Dioxide EINECS 204-661-8

密度	1.033
沸点	101 °C
熔点	12 °C
分子式	C₄H₈O₂
分子量	88.10510
闪点	12 ºC
精确质量	88.05240
PSA	18.46000
LogP	0.03320
外观性状	无色透明液体
蒸汽密度	3 (vs air)
蒸汽压	11.2mmHg at 25°C
折射率	n20/D 1.422(lit.)
储存条件	储存注意事项通常商品加有稳定剂。储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。库温不宜超过37℃。包装要求密封，不可与空气接触。应与氧化剂、还原剂、卤素分开存放，切忌混储。不宜久存，以免变质。采用防爆型照明、通风设施。禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。
稳定性	1.化学性质：与一般的饱和醚相似，是比较稳定的化合物。在空气中氧的作用下，特别在散射光照射时，形成有爆炸性的过氧化物。对碱、金属钠和弱酸稳定。强酸、强氧化剂在高温、高压下使醚键破裂而开环。与卤化氢作用时，生成1,2-二卤代乙烷和乙二醇。加热时与浓硫酸作用生成2-甲基-1,3-二戊烷等。 2.与乙酸或乙酐在加热时作用，生成乙二醇二乙酸酯。能与卤素、硝酸、硫酸以及其他无机化合物形成络合物。例如与卤素形成C4H8O2Br2(m.p. 66℃)、C4H8O2I2(m.p. 84℃)、C4H8O2Cl2，与硫酸形成C4H8O2H2SO4(m.p. 101℃)等氧化合物。与氯化锂或三氟化硼也能形成络合物LiCl·C4H8O2·H2O，BF3·2H2O·C4H8O2。在钯、铑、镍等金属催化下，二噁烷在重氢和醚间进行同位素交换。二噁烷与四硝基甲烷反应呈鲜黄色，此反应可用来检验二噁烷。 3.属微毒类。毒性比乙醚强2~3倍。中毒时最初出现麻醉、呕吐，尿频后尿减少，终至停止排尿。同时血液中尿素增加，嗜眠，昏睡，2~3日后死亡。长期接触或吸入其蒸气时，刺激眼、鼻、咽喉和肺，损害肝、肾、脑和皮肤。工作场所最高容许浓度360mg/m3，超过720mg/m3时即能引起头痛和胃痛等症状。二噁烷能经皮肤吸收而中毒，接触皮肤时应用大量水冲洗和用肥皂洗净。 4.稳定性稳定 5.禁配物强氧化剂、强还原剂、卤素 6.避免接触的条件光照，接触空气 7.聚合危害不聚合
水溶解性	SOLUBLE
分子结构	1、摩尔折射率：21.65 2、摩尔体积（cm³/mol）：88.5 3、等张比容（90.2K）：209.3 4、表面张力（dyne/cm）：31.2 5、极化率（10^-24cm³）：8.58
计算化学	1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:无 2.氢键供体数量:0 3.氢键受体数量:2 4.可旋转化学键数量:0 5.互变异构体数量:无 6.拓扑分子极性表面积18.5 7.重原子数量:6 8.表面电荷:0 9.复杂度:26.5 10.同位素原子数量:0 11.确定原子立构中心数量:0 12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0 13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0 14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0 15.共价键单元数量:1
更多	1.性状：无色，带有醚味的透明液体。 2.熔点（℃）：11.8 3.沸点（℃）：101.3 4.相对密度（水=1）：1.04 5.相对蒸气密度（空气=1）：3.03 6.饱和蒸气压（kPa）：4.1（20℃） 7.燃烧热（kJ/mol）：-2428.6 8.临界温度（℃）：312 9.临界压力（MPa）：5.14 10.辛醇/水分配系数：-0.27 11.闪点（℃）：12（CC）；18.3（OC） 12.引燃温度（℃）：180 13.爆炸上限（%）：22.2 14.爆炸下限（%）：2.0 15.溶解性：与水混溶，可混溶于多数有机溶剂。 16.折射率（n20ºC）：1.4229 17.折射率（n25ºC）：1.4203 18.黏度（mPa·s,20ºC）：1.3 19.黏度（mPa·s,25ºC）：1.2 20.黏度（mPa·s,30ºC）：1.087 21.闪点（ºC,闭口）：12.2 22.闪点（ºC,开口）：15.6 23.燃点（ºC）：180 24.蒸发热（KJ/mol）：35.80 25.熔化热（KJ/mol）：12.5 26.比热容（KJ/(kg·K),20ºC）：1.72 27.电导率（S/m,25ºC）：<2×10^-8 28.体膨胀系数（K^-1,20ºC）：0.001030 29.体膨胀系数（K^-1,0~55ºC）：0.001070 30.体膨胀系数（K^-1,55ºC）：0.00113 31.相对密度（25℃，4℃）：1.0281 32.临界密度（g·cm^-3）：0.37 33.临界体积（cm³·mol^-1）：238 34.临界压缩因子：0.254 35.偏心因子：0.280 36.溶度参数(J·cm^-3)^0.5：20.163 37.van der Waals面积（cm²·mol^-1）：5.900×10⁹ 38.van der Waals体积（cm³·mol^-1）：46.620 39.气相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol^-1)：-2400.9 40.气相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol^-1) ：-315.3 41.气相标准熵(J·mol^-1·K^-1) ：299.66 42.气相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol^-1)：-180.8 43.气相标准热熔(J·mol^-1·K^-1)：92.18 44.液相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol^-1)：-2362.2 45.液相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol^-1)：-355.1 46.液相标准熵(J·mol^-1·K^-1) ：195.27 47.液相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol^-1)：-189.7 48.液相标准热熔(J·mol^-1·K^-1)：150

国标编号:	32098
ＣＡＳ:	123-91-1
中文名称:	1，4-二氧杂环己烷
英文名称:	1,4-dioxane；p-dioxane
别名:	二恶烷；1，4-二氧己环
分子式:	C₄H₈O₂；CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂O
分子量:	88.11
熔点:	11.8℃
密度:	相对密度(水=1)1.04；
蒸汽压:	12℃
溶解性:	与水混溶，可混溶于多数有机溶剂
稳定性:	稳定
外观与性状:	无色，带有醚味的透明液体
危险标记:	7(中闪点易燃液体)
用途:	和作溶剂、乳化剂、去垢剂

2.对环境的影响:
一、健康危害

侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。
健康危害：本品有麻醉和刺激作用，在体内有蓄积作用。接触大量蒸气引起眼和上呼吸道刺激，伴有头晕、头痛、嗜睡、恶心、呕吐等。可致肝、皮肤损害，甚至发生尿毒症。

二、毒理学资料及环境行为

毒性：属微毒类。
急性毒性：LD505170mg/kg(大鼠经口)；7600mg/kg(兔经皮)；LC5046000mg/m3，2小时(大鼠吸入)；人吸入5500ppm/分，最小中毒浓度；人经口500mg/kg，致死。
致癌性：IARC列为对实验动物有足够证据的化学致癌物。小鼠经皮最小中毒剂量1440mg/kg(60周，间断)致肿瘤阳性；小鼠经口最小中毒剂量416g/kg(50周)致肿瘤阳性。

危险特性：易燃，其蒸气与空气可形成爆炸性混合物，遇明火、高热或与氧化剂接触，有引起燃烧爆炸。与氧化剂能发生强烈反应。接触空气或在光照条件下可生成具有潜在爆炸危险性的这氧化物。其蒸气比空气重，能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方，遇明火会引着回燃。
燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳。

3.现场应急监测方法:
　

4.实验室监测方法:
空气中：用活性炭吸附后，用二硫化碳洗脱，再用气相色谱法分析。

5.环境标准:
前苏联车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 10mg/m3
嗅觉阈浓度 9.8mg/m3

6.应急处理处置方法:
一、泄漏应急处理

迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区，并进行隔离，严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器，穿消防防护服。从上风处进入现场。尽可能切断泄漏源，防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏：用活性炭或其它惰性材料吸收。也可以用大量水冲洗，洗水稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏：构筑围堤或挖坑收容；喷雾状水冷却和稀释蒸气、保护现场人员、把泄漏物稀释成不燃物。用泡沫覆盖，降低蒸气灾害。用防爆泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内，回收或运至废物处理场所处置。
废弃物处置方法：不含过氧化物的废料液经浓缩后，控制一定的速度燃烧。含过氧化物的废料经浓缩后，在安全距离外敞口燃烧。

二、防护措施

呼吸系统防护：可能接触其蒸气时，佩戴自吸过滤式防毒面具(半面罩)。
眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。
身体防护：穿防静电工作服。
手防护：戴橡胶手套。
其它：工作现场严禁吸烟。工作毕，淋浴更衣。注意个人清洁卫生。

三、急救措施

皮肤接触：脱去被污染的衣着，用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。
眼睛接触：提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。
吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。
食入：饮足量温水，催吐，就医。

灭火方法：尽可能将容器从火场移至空旷处。喷水保持火场容器冷却，直至灭火结束。处在火场中的容器若已变色或从安全泄压装置中产生声音，必须马上撤离。灭火剂：抗溶性泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳、砂土。用水灭火无效。

毒理学数据:

1.急性毒性

LD50：5170mg/kg（大鼠经口）；7600mg/kg（兔经皮）

LC50：46000mg/m³（大鼠吸入，2h）

2.刺激性

家兔经皮：515mg，轻度刺激（开放性刺激试验）

家兔经眼：100mg，重度刺激。

3.亚急性与慢性毒性大鼠接触浓度为10.6g/m³，每天8h，4~26次，10只动物中有7只死亡，存活动物出现黏膜刺激、消瘦、痉挛、麻醉、蛋白尿及严重肝肾损害。

4.致突变性 DNA抑制：人HeLa细胞400mmol/L。DNA损伤：大鼠经口2550mg/kg。微核试验：小鼠经口900mg/kg。姐妹染色单体交换：仓鼠卵巢10500mg/L。

5.致畸性大鼠孕后6~15d经口给予最低中毒剂量（TDLo）10g/kg，致肌肉骨骼系统发育畸形

6.致癌性 IARC致癌性评论：G2B，可疑人类致癌物。

生态学数据:

1.生态毒性

LC50：10000ppm（96h）（蓝鳃太阳鱼，静态）；13000mg/L（96h）（黑头呆鱼，静态）

EC50：4700mg/L（24h）（水蚤）

2.生物降解性

好氧生物降解（h）：672~4320

厌氧生物降解（h）：2688~17280

3.非生物降解性

水中光氧化半衰期（h）：1608~8.00×10⁴

空气中光氧化半衰期（h）：8.1~81

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: JG8225000

CHEMICAL NAME :: p-Dioxane

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 123-91-1

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0102551

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 88

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C4-H8-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 88.12

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T6O DOTJ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 470 ppm

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Vascular - BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section Gastrointestinal - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 5500 ppm/1M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - conjunctive irritation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 470 ppm/3D

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Liver - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 7120 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 46 gm/m3/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 799 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 5300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 37 gm/m3/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 790 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 44 gm/m3/7H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - irritability

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 7600 uL/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume decreased Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 3150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic Gastrointestinal - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: 20500 mg/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 6000 ppm/4H/2W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - changes in psychophysiological tests

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 20500 ug/m3/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - proteinuria Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in chlorine Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 185 gm/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 111 ppm/7H/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - tumors Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 239 gm/kg/90W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 14 gm/kg/60W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 12 gm/kg/8W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 416 gm/kg/57W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 408 gm/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 523 gm/kg/90W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 416 gm/kg/57W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 528 gm/kg/63W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 10 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :: Unscheduled DNA synthesis

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Ovary

REFERENCE :: EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 90 mg/m3 (25 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,247,1976 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,201,1987 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,201,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW BNYMAM Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. (New York Academy of Medicine, 2 E. 103rd St., New York, NY 10029) Ser 2: V.1- 1925- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,413,1978 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ECIET* European Chemical Industry Ecology and Toxicology Centre. Joint Assessment of Commodity Chemicals. (Avenue Louise 250, B-63, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium) Volume(issue)/page/year: (2),-,1983 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,94,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 25 ppm (90 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 50 ppm (180 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 25 ppm (90 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 10 ppm (36 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 25 ppm (90 mg/m3);STEL 40 ppm (135 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 10 ppm (35 mg/m3);STEL 40 ppm (140 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 50 ppm (180 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 10 mg/m3;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 10 ppm (36 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 50 ppm (180 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 10 ppm;STEL 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 25 ppm (90 mg/m3);STEL 50 ppm;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 25 ppm (90 mg/m3);STEL 50 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 25 ppm (90 mg/m3);STEL 100 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO DIOXANE-air:CA CL 1 ppm/30M REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 25145 No. of Facilities: 12911 (estimated) No. of Industries: 135 No. of Occupations: 101 No. of Employees: 147783 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 25145 No. of Facilities: 20994 (estimated) No. of Industries: 181 No. of Occupations: 137 No. of Employees: 429330 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 149697 (estimated)

符号	GHS02, GHS07, GHS08
信号词	Danger
危害声明	H225-H319-H335-H351
补充危害声明	May form explosive peroxides., Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking.
警示性声明	P210-P261-P281-P305 + P351 + P338
个人防护装备	Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
危害码 (欧洲)	F:Flammable
风险声明 (欧洲)	R11;R19;R36/37;R40;R66
安全声明 (欧洲)	S9-S16-S36/37-S46-S45-S53-S7-S62-S26-S24/25-S23
危险品运输编码	UN 1993 3/PG 2
WGK德国	3
RTECS号	JG8225000
包装等级	II
危险类别	3
海关编码	2942000000

上游产品 10
105-53-3 111-46-6 75-21-8 67-56-1
111-77-3 111-44-4 107-21-1 120-92-3
67-64-1 120068-37-3
下游产品 10
119-64-2 1008-19-1 74-89-5 1078575-71-9
10575-26-5 1002-26-2 628-72-8 10035-10-6
1052138-94-9 1059-21-8

精制方法：主要杂质有乙醛、2-甲基-1,3-二戊烷、缩醛、过氧化物及水分。杂质含量不多时，可加金属钠回流6~12小时后，直接进行蒸馏。含有多量的缩醛时，需要进行水解除去。在2L二噁烷中加入27mL浓盐酸和200mL水，回流12小时。在回流过程中漫漫通入氮气以除去生成的乙醛；冷却后加入固体氢氧化钾，直到不再溶解为止。分去水层，再加入氢氧化钾干燥24小时。将初步干燥的二烷加金属钠回流6~12小时，然后在金属钠存在下进行蒸馏。过氧化物的除去与乙醚相同。将粉碎的氢氧化钠加入到工业品二氧六环中，除去酸性物质和水分。滤去固体物质后进行蒸馏，即得纯品二氧六环。

1.乙二醇法　在硫酸催化下脱水而得，其反应式如下：

2.环氧乙烷法　直接经二聚而得，其反应式如下：

上述二聚反应在酸性催化剂存在下进行，催化剂可以是硫酸氢钠、硫酸及三氟化硼等。工业级二氧六环需要精制为纯品时，可将粉状氢氧化钠加入二氧六环中，除去酸性物质和水分，滤去固体物质后蒸馏即得成品。
3.二甘醇法　二甘醇在质子酸作用下分子内脱水制取二烷的主反应如下：

海关编码	2932999070
申报要素	品名, 成分含量, 用途
监管条件	X.有毒化学品环境管理放行通知单
Summary	2932999070 1,4-dioxane

123-91-1	54841-74-6
3041-16-5	15481-39-7
23147-58-2	502-97-6
164014-95-3	3883-43-0
517874-21-4	90222-81-4