Salicylic acid

Modify Date: 2026-06-30 23:42:08

Salicylic acid structure	Common Name	Salicylic acid
	CAS Number	69-72-7	Molecular Weight	138.121
	Density	1.44	Boiling Point	211 ºC (20 mmHg)
	Molecular Formula	C₇H₆O₃	Melting Point	158-161 °C(lit.)
	MSDS	Chinese USA	Flash Point	157 ºC
	Symbol	GHS05, GHS07	Signal Word	Danger

Use of Salicylic acid

Salicylic acid inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation.

This table lists Chinese names, IUPAC names and various aliases of this chemical substance.

Name	salicylic acid
Synonym	More Synonyms

This table contains bioactivity, target information and biological‑assay experimental data of this compound.

Description	Salicylic acid inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation.
Related Catalog	Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy Signaling Pathways >> Immunology/Inflammation >> COX Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Mitophagy Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology Natural Products >> Phenols
Target	COX-2 Autophagy Mitophagy
In Vitro	Salicylic acid is an effective inhibitor of COX-2 activity at concentrations far below those required to inhibit NF-κB (20 mg/mL) activation. Salicylic acid inhibits prostaglandin E2 release when add together with interleukin 1β for 24 hr with an IC50 value of 5 μg/mL, an effect that is independent of NF-κB activation or COX-2 transcription or translation. Salicylic acid acutely (30 min) also causes a concentration-dependent inhibition of COX-2 activity measured in the presence of 0, 1, or 10 μM exogenous arachidonic acid. In contrast, when exogenous arachidonic acid is increased to 30 μM, Salicylic acid is a very weak inhibitor of COX-2 activity with an IC50 of >100 μg/mL. When added together with IL-1β for 24 hr, Salicylic acid causes a concentration-dependent inhibition of PGE2 release with an apparent IC50 value of approximately 5 μg/mL. The ability of Salicylic acid to directly inhibit COX-2 activity in A549 cells is tested after a 30-min exposure period, followed by the addition of different concentrations of exogenous arachidonic acid (1, 10, and 30 μM). Salicylic acid causes a concentration-dependent inhibition of COX-2 activity in the absence of added arachidonic acid or in the presence of 1 or 10 μM exogenous substrate with an apparent IC50 value of approximately 5 μg/mL. However, when the same experiments are performed using 30 μM arachidonic acid, Salicylic acid is an ineffective inhibitor of COX-2 activity, with an apparent IC50 value of more than 100 μg/mL, and achieves a maximal inhibition of less than 50%[1].
In Vivo	In C57Bl/6 DIO mice, Salicylic acid decreases both fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels. Furthermore, there is a trend to reduce plasma triglyceride levels after Salicylic acid treatment in C57Bl/6 DIO mice (P=0.059). Salicylic acid significantly reduces 11β-HSD1 mRNA in omental adipose tissue in C57Bl/6 DIO mice, with a similar trend in mesenteric adipose (P=0.057). In mesenteric adipose of C57Bl/6 DIO mice, Salicylic acid also reduces 11β-HSD1 enzyme activity[2].
Kinase Assay	Human purified COX-2 are and the cofactors Glutathione (5 mM), Adrenaline (5 mM), and Hematin (1 μM) are dissolved in 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.5). Hematin is first dissolved in a concentrated stock of 100 mM in 1 M NaOH before being further diluted in Tris buffer. Enzyme reactions are carried out in individual wells of 96-well plates with a final reaction volume of 200 μL. Different concentrations of Salicylic acid are added to the plate, followed by the addition of 10 units of enzyme (180 μL). The plates are incubated at 37° for 30 min before Arachidonic acid (10 nM to 30 μM) is added for a further 15 min. The reaction is stopped by heating the plate to 100°C for 5 min. The 96-well plate is then centrifuged at 10,000× g for 10 min, and appropriated samples are removed and added into the radioimmunoassay[1].
Cell Assay	To assess the direct effect of Salicylic acid on COX-2 activity after induction has occurred, A549 cells are first treated with IL-1β for 24 hr, and the culture medium is replaced with DMEM containing different concentrations of Salicylic acid(10, 100 and 1000 μg/mL). Cells are incubated at 37°C for 30 min. Arachidonic acid (1-30 μM) is then added for 15 min, and the medium is removed for the measurement of PGE2[1].
Animal Admin	Mice[2] Adult male C57Bl/6 mice are at age 12 weeks. Diet-induced obese C57Bl/6 mice (C57Bl/6 DIO) are given 10 weeks of high-fat diet (58% fat, 12% sucrose) before treatment. Salicylic acid (120 mg/kg/day) is administered from 1 week after arriving (C57Bl/6 Lean), after 10 weeks of high-fat feeding (C57Bl/6 DIO), or after achieving target weight (HSD1KO-DIO) for 4 weeks to groups of n=8 via osmotic minipumps implant subcutaneously between the scapulae.
References	[1]. Mitchell JA, et al. Sodium salicylate inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 activity independently of transcription factor (nuclear factor kappaB) activation: role of arachidonic acid. Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Jun;51(6):907-12. [2]. Nixon M, et al. Salicylate downregulates 11β-HSD1 expression in adipose tissue in obese mice and in humans, mediating insulin sensitization. Diabetes. 2012 Apr;61(4):790-6.

This table shows physicochemical parameters including melting point, boiling point, density, solubility and optical rotation. Missing data is marked as N/A.

Density	1.44
Boiling Point	211 ºC (20 mmHg)
Melting Point	158-161 °C(lit.)
Molecular Formula	C₇H₆O₃
Molecular Weight	138.121
Flash Point	157 ºC
Exact Mass	138.031693
PSA	57.53000
LogP	2.06
Vapour density	4.8 (vs air)
Vapour Pressure	0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.616
InChIKey	YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES	O=C(O)c1ccccc1O
Storage condition	Store at RT.
Water Solubility	1.8 g/L (20 ºC)

This table provides MSDS information including hazard classification, first‑aid, fire‑fighting, spill handling, operation and storage instructions.

Salicylic acid MSDS(Chinese)

This table summarizes toxicological test data, acute & chronic toxicity and ecological hazard parameters for this chemical.

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: VO0525000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Salicylic acid

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 69-72-7

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0774890

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 38

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C7-H6-O3

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 138.13

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: QVR BQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 57 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - tinnitus

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 111 mg/kg/10D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - change in acuity Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 891 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - muscle weakness

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >900 mg/m3/1H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Skin and Appendages - hair

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 157 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - tremor Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 480 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

TYPE OF TEST :: LD60 - Lethal Dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 520 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Cardiac - change in rate Behavioral - muscle weakness

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 184 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: >10 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 6 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: >300 mg/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 40 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 20-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 1050 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8-14 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - uterus, cervix, vagina Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 1050 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8-14 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 700 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8-14 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 350 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8-14 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 380 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 1 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 17 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 500 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

REFERENCE :: MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 46,305,1977 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,173,1928 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 67680 No. of Facilities: 6955 (estimated) No. of Industries: 39 No. of Occupations: 57 No. of Employees: 61410 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 67680 No. of Facilities: 2133 (estimated) No. of Industries: 40 No. of Occupations: 50 No. of Employees: 51922 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 20096 (estimated)

This table covers safety warnings, protective measures, incompatible substances and disposal guidelines for this compound.

Symbol	GHS05, GHS07
Signal Word	Danger
Hazard Statements	H302-H318
Precautionary Statements	P280-P301 + P312 + P330-P305 + P351 + P338 + P310
Personal Protective Equipment	dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves
Hazard Codes	Xn:Harmful
Risk Phrases	R22;R36/37/38;R41
Safety Phrases	S26-S39-S37/39
RIDADR	1993.0
WGK Germany	1
RTECS	VO0525000
Hazard Class	3.0
HS Code	2918211000

This table presents publicly reported synthetic routes, reaction conditions, reactants and product information of the compound.

This table lists upstream starting materials and downstream derivative products related to this chemical.

Precursor 9
CAS#:90-01-7 salicyl alcohol CAS#:118-91-2 2-Chlorobenzoic acid CAS#:88-65-3 2-Bromobenzoic acid CAS#:124-38-9 Carbon dioxide
CAS#:100-67-4 POTASSIUMPHENOLATE CAS#:65-85-0 benzoic acid CAS#:579-75-9 2-Methoxybenzoi... CAS#:14389-86-7 2-(Benzyloxy)be...
CAS#:90-02-8 Salicylaldehyde
DownStream 10
CAS#:111297-80-4 5-[[(3-carboxy-... CAS#:10484-09-0 Allyl salicylate CAS#:108085-52-5 2-(2-hydroxyben... CAS#:606-45-1 Methyl 2-methox...
CAS#:2150-41-6 METHYL 2,4-DIME... CAS#:5368-81-0 Methyl 3-methox... CAS#:121-98-2 Methyl anisate CAS#:2150-38-1 Methyl 3,4-dime...
CAS#:1916-07-0 Trimethylgallic... CAS#:2150-42-7 Benzoic acid,2,...

This table shows customs‑related data including HS‑code, tariff and regulatory conditions for import and export.

HS Code	2918211000
Summary	2918211000. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:9.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

This table lists relevant public references with title, journal and publication metadata for this compound.

Inhibition of aberrant complement activation by a dimer of acetylsalicylic acid.

Neurobiol. Aging 36 , 2748-56, (2015)

We here report synthesis for the first time of the acetyl salicylic acid dimer 5,5'-methylenebis(2-acetoxybenzoic acid) (DAS). DAS inhibits aberrant complement activation by selectively blocking facto...

Graphene modified glassy carbon sensor for the determination of aspirin metabolites in human biological samples.

Talanta 143 , 328-34, (2015)

A graphene modified glassy carbon (GR/GCE) sensor has been developed for the determination of aspirin metabolites 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acids (2,3- and 2,5-DHB). The modified sensor was charac...

Safety and biocompatibility of carbohydrate-functionalized polyanhydride nanoparticles.

AAPS J. 17(1) , 256-67, (2015)

Carbohydrate functionalization of nanoparticles allows for targeting of C-type lectin receptors. This family of pattern recognition receptors expressed on innate immune cells, such as macrophages and ...

This table collects all English aliases, systematic names and CAS‑related synonyms of the compound.

Verrugon

Acid, Salicylic

Duoplant

Freezone

MFCD00002439

Acid, o-Hydroxybenzoic

SAX

EINECS 200-712-3

Saligel

Hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid

Salonil

phenol-carboxylic acid

Stri-Dex

ORTHO-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID

2-Hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid

2 Hydroxybenzoic Acid

Salicylic acid

Acid, 2-Hydroxybenzoic

2-hydroxy-benzoic acid

ortho Hydroxybenzoic Acid

Ionil

2-hydroxybenzoic acid

Acid, ortho-Hydroxybenzoic

o-hydroxybenzoic acid

Duofilm

Rutranex

Keralyt

Lamivudine Impurity 3

This section contains frequently‑asked‑questions about this compound, including basic parameters, properties, storage conditions and corresponding answers.

Q: How is the water solubility of salicylic acid?

A: Water solubility of salicylic acid: 1.8 g/L (20 ºC).

Q: What is the polar surface area (PSA) of salicylic acid?

A: Polar surface area (PSA) of salicylic acid is 57.53000.

Q: What is the LogP of salicylic acid?

A: LogP of salicylic acid is 2.06.

Q: What are the upstream materials of salicylic acid?

A: Related upstream materials(CAS) of salicylic acid: 90-01-7;118-91-2;88-65-3;124-38-9;100-67-4;65-85-0;579-75-9;14389-86-7;90-02-8.

Q: What is the molecular formula of salicylic acid?

A: Molecular formula of salicylic acid is C7H6O3.

Q: What are the storage conditions for salicylic acid?

A: Storage conditions for salicylic acid: Store at RT.

Q: What is the SMILES notation of salicylic acid?

A: SMILES notation of salicylic acid is O=C(O)c1ccccc1O.

Q: What is the boiling point of salicylic acid?

A: Boiling point of salicylic acid is 211 ºC (20 mmHg).

Q: What is the molecular weight of salicylic acid?

A: Molecular weight of salicylic acid is 138.121.

Q: What are the downstream products of salicylic acid?

A: Related downstream products(CAS) of salicylic acid: 111297-80-4;10484-09-0;108085-52-5;606-45-1;2150-41-6;5368-81-0;121-98-2;2150-38-1;1916-07-0;2150-42-7.

This table lists manufacturers and suppliers of this compound, including vendor names and product supply reference information.

Shanghai Nianxing Industrial Co., Ltd

BioBioPha

Dayang Chem (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd.

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Dayang Chem (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd.
China
Product Name: Salicylic acid
Price: $Inquiry/100g $Inquiry/1kg $Inquiry/100kg $Inquiry/1000kg
Purity: 98.0%
Delivery: Inquiry
Contact: Ms Wang
Email: enquiry@dycnchem.com

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