Ruxolitinib phosphate is a potent JAK1/2 inhibitor with IC50s of 3.3 nM/2.8 nM, respectively, showing more than 130-fold selectivity over JAK3.
Esmolol-d7 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Esmolol hydrochloride. Esmolol hydrochloride is a beta adrenergic receptor blocker[1][2].
Simvastatin (MK 733) is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with a Ki of 0.2 nM.
Pitavastatin Calcium is a potent hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. Pitavastatin inhibits cholesterol synthesis from acetic acid with an IC50 of 5.8 nM in HepG2 cells.
Dexamethasone acetate is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist.
Sunitinib Malate (SU 11248 Malate) is a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR2 and PDGFRβ with IC50s of 80 nM and 2 nM, respectively.
Valproic acid sodium salt is an anticonvulsants used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder and migraines. Valproic acid inhibits histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) with an IC50 of 0.4 mM.
U0126 is a potent, non-ATP competitive and selective MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 72 nM and 58 nM, respectively. U0126 is an autophagy and mitophagy inhibitor[1][2][3][4].
Parthenolide is an NF-κB inhibitor, reduces histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC-1) and DNA methyltransferase 1 independent of NF-κB inhibition.
Simvastatin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Simvastatin[1]. Simvastatin (MK 733) is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with a Ki of 0.2 nM[2].
Mono-Pt is the first platinum(II) complex that inhibits cancer cells through a non-DNA-binding mitophagy pathway. Mono-Pt promotes the occurrence of mitophagy in cancer cells via stimulating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and activating unfolded protein response (UPR)[1].
Curcumin is a natural phenolic compound with diverse pharmacologic effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities. Curcumin is an inhibitor of p300 histone acetylatransferase ((HATs)) and also shows inhibitory effects on NF-κB and MAPKs.
Olanzapine(LY170053) is a high affinity for 5-HT2 serotonin and D2 dopamine receptor antagonist.IC50 Value:Target: 5-HT ReceptorOlanzapine is a thienobenzodiazepine that blocks especially the serontonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) 5-HT2A and the dopamine D2 receptors (Ki values are 4 and 11 nM respectively) as well as muscarinic (M1), histamine (H1), 5-HT2C, 5-HT3 to 5-HT6, adrenergic (α(l)), and D4 receptors. Atypical antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia. Olanzapine displays anticholinergic properties.
17-AAG Hydrochloride is a potent HSP90 inhibitor with IC50 of 5 nM, having a 100-fold higher binding affinity for HSP90 derived from tumour cells than HSP90 from normal cells.
Salinomycin is an anticoccidial drug with potent anti-bacterial activity and an novel anticancer agent targeting human cancer stem cells.
Etoposide is a chemotherapy medication used for the treatments of a number of types of cancer. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA.
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid) lithium is an orally active, potent and irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 5 and 210 μg/mL, respectively. Aspirin lithium induces apoptosis. Aspirin lithium inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Aspirin lithium also inhibits platelet prostaglandin synthetase, and can prevent coronary artery and cerebrovascular thrombosis[1][2][3][4][5][6].
P62-mediated mitophagy inducer is a mitophagy regulator which activates mitophagy without recruiting Parkin or collapsing ΔΨm and retains activity in cells devoid of a fully functional PINK1/Parkin pathway[1].
Sunitinib (SU 11248) is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 80 nM and 2 nM for VEGFR2 and PDGFRβ, respectively.
Torkinib (PP 242) is a selective and ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM. PP242 inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2 with IC50s of 30 nM and 58 nM, respectively.
Iohexol-d5 is deuterium labeled Iohexol. Iohexol is a radiographic contrast agent and can be applied for myelography, computerized tomography (cisternography, ventriculography) and MicroCT imaging in vivo[1].
Kaempferol inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK.
Brefeldin A is a specific inhibitor of protein trafficking which blocks the protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex.
Naringin is a major flavanone glycoside obtained from tomatoes, grapefruits, and many other citrus fruits. Naringin exhibits biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities.
Doxorubicin hydrochloride is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic for the treatment of multiple cancers. The possible mechanisms by which doxorubicin acts in the cancer cell are intercalation into DNA and disruption of topoisomerase-II-mediated DNA repair.
MTX115325 (Example 1) is an orally active, brain-penetrating USP30 inhibitor (IC50=12 nM) with neuroprotective activity. MTX115325 increases ubiquitination (EC50=32 nM) of the mitochondrial outer membrane protein TOM20 (a USP30 substrate), increasing mitophagy. MTX115325 prevents dopaminergic neuron loss and preserves striatal dopamine[1].
Salicylic acid inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation.
Liensinine is an autophagy/mitophagy inhibitor. Liensinine, a major isoquinoline alkaloid, extracted from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, has a wide range of biological activities, including anti-arrhythmias, anti-hypertension, anti-pulmonary fibrosis, relaxation on vascular smooth muscle, etc[1].
Matrine(Sophocarpidine; α-Matrine) is an alkaloid found in plants from the Sophora genus. It has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer effects, and action as a kappa opioid receptor and u-receptor agonist.IC50 Value: 540 μg/ml (inhibit gastric cancer cell line MNK45, MTT) [1]Target: u-receptor/kappa opioid in vitro: MTT assay showed that the matrine was able to inhibit gastric cancer cell line MNK45 in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration required for 50% inhibition (IC50) was found to be 540 μg/ml. This anti-tumor function was achieved through modulation of the NF-κB, XIAP, CIAP, and p-ERK proteins expression in cell line MNK45. Matrine induces apoptosis of human NSCLC cells with anti-apoptotic factors inhibited and dependent on caspase activity. In addition, we found that matrine increases the phosphorylation of p38 but not its total protein, and inhibition of the p38 pathway with SB202190 partially prevents matrine-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, matrine generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which is reversed by pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) [2].in vivo: Oral administration of matrine (200, 100 and 50 mg/kg) significantly attenuated isoproterenol-induced cardiac necrosis and left ventricular dysfunction [3]. high dose of matrine significantly reduced the mortality rate of mice with LPS administration. Treatment with matrine improved LPS-induced lung histopathologic changes, alleviated pulmonary edema and lung vascular leak, inhibited MPO and MDA activity,and reduced the production of inflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1 [4].Toxicity: N/AClinical trial: N/A