Adenine

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 15:11:05

Adenine Structure
Adenine structure
 Common Name Adenine
CAS Number 73-24-5 Molecular Weight 135.127
Density 1.9±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling Point 243.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C5H5N5 Melting Point 360-365ºC
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point 100.9±30.1 °C
Symbol GHS06
GHS06		 Signal Word Danger

 Use of Adenine


Adenine is a purine derivative and a nucleobase with a variety of roles in biochemistry. Target: Nucleoside antimetabolite/analogAdenine is a nucleobase with a variety of roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration, in the form of both the energy-rich adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), andprotein synthesis, as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. The shape of adenine is complementary to either thymine in DNA or uracil in RNA.In older literature, adenine was sometimes called Vitamin B4. It is no longer considered a true vitamin or part of the Vitamin B complex. However, two B vitamins, niacin and riboflavin, bind with adenine to form the essential cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), respectively. Hermann Emil Fischer was one of the early scientists to study adenine. Experiments performed in 1961 by Joan Oró have shown that a large quantity of adenine can be synthesized from the polymerization of ammonia with fivehydrogen cyanide (HCN) molecules in aqueous solution, whether this has implications for the origin of life on Earth is under debate.

 Names

Name adenine
Synonym More Synonyms

 Adenine Biological Activity

Description Adenine is a purine derivative and a nucleobase with a variety of roles in biochemistry. Target: Nucleoside antimetabolite/analogAdenine is a nucleobase with a variety of roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration, in the form of both the energy-rich adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), andprotein synthesis, as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. The shape of adenine is complementary to either thymine in DNA or uracil in RNA.In older literature, adenine was sometimes called Vitamin B4. It is no longer considered a true vitamin or part of the Vitamin B complex. However, two B vitamins, niacin and riboflavin, bind with adenine to form the essential cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), respectively. Hermann Emil Fischer was one of the early scientists to study adenine. Experiments performed in 1961 by Joan Oró have shown that a large quantity of adenine can be synthesized from the polymerization of ammonia with fivehydrogen cyanide (HCN) molecules in aqueous solution, whether this has implications for the origin of life on Earth is under debate.
Related Catalog
Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

References

[1]. Reader V. The assay of vitamin B(4). Biochem J. 1930;24(6):1827-31.

[2]. ORO J, et al. Synthesis of purines under possible primitive earth conditions. I. Adenine from hydrogen cyanide. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1961 Aug;94:217-27.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Density 1.9±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 243.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 360-365ºC
Molecular Formula C5H5N5
Molecular Weight 135.127
Flash Point 100.9±30.1 °C
Exact Mass 135.054489
PSA 80.48000
LogP -2.12
Vapour Pressure 0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.954
Water Solubility 0.5 g/L (20 ºC)

 Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
AU6125000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Adenine
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
73-24-5
LAST UPDATED :
199701
DATA ITEMS CITED :
26
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C5-H5-N5
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
135.15
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
T56 BM DN FN HNJ IZ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
227 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - muscle weakness Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
198 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - muscle weakness Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
783 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
>30 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
70 mg/kg/36D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
9450 mg/kg/6W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
400 mg/kg/4D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - peritonitis Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Blood - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
525 mg/kg/3W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
5040 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 4 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
200 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
200 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
200 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - gastrointestinal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
500 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 5 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
500 mg/kg/5D (Continuous)
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 200,249,1988 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3548 No. of Facilities: 269 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 6 No. of Employees: 1284 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 932 (estimated)

 Safety Information

Symbol GHS06
GHS06
Signal Word Danger
Hazard Statements H301
Precautionary Statements P301 + P310
Personal Protective Equipment dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves
Hazard Codes Xn:Harmful
Risk Phrases R22
Safety Phrases S26-S36
RIDADR UN 2811 6.1/PG 3
WGK Germany 3
RTECS AU6125000
Packaging Group III
Hazard Class 6.1
HS Code 2936290090

 Synthetic Route

 Customs

HS Code 2933990090
Summary 2933990090. heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

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 Synonyms

7(9)H-purin-6-ylamine
Ade
1H-Purine-6-amine
1H-Purine, 6-amino-
Vitamin- B4
Adenin
1,9-Dihydro-6H-purin-6-imine
9H-Purine-6-amine
EINECS 200-796-1
adensoine
Crytidine
6H-Purin-6-imine, 1,9-dihydro-
1H-Purin-6-amine
9H-Purin-6-yl-amin
9H-Purin-6-amin
9H-Adenine
T56 BM DN FN HNJ IZ
Leuco-4
9H-Purin-6-amine
MFCD00041790
Adenine
ADENINE(P)
usafcb-18
6-aminopurine
6-amino-Purine
Vitamin B4
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