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半乳糖

半乳糖用途

D-Galactose是天然的己糖,是葡萄糖的C-4差向异构体。
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半乳糖名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
59-23-4

[ 中文名 ]:
D-吡喃葡萄糖

[ 英文名 ]:
D-Galactose

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

半乳糖生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

D-Galactose是天然的己糖,是葡萄糖的C-4差向异构体。

[ 相关类别 ]:

研究领域 >> 神经疾病
天然产物 >> 糖和糖苷

[ 靶点 ]

Human Endogenous Metabolite


[体外研究]

半乳糖对细菌的存活和毒力很重要。在大肠杆菌中,Leloir途径使用半乳糖。 d-半乳糖的两种异构体用于不同目的,α-d-半乳糖作为碳源,β-d-半乳糖用于诱导UDP-半乳糖合成用于生物合成糖基化[1]。

[体内研究]

慢性D-半乳糖暴露通过增强胱天蛋白酶介导的细胞凋亡和抑制小鼠的神经发生和神经元迁移以及增加氧化损伤来诱导神经变性。此外,D-半乳糖诱导的小鼠毒性是研究神经变性和神经保护药物和药物机制的有用模型[2]。通过口服途径给予的D-半乳糖引起伴随氧化损伤的大鼠的认知障碍。在d-gal给药后第4周和第6周的开放场测试中观察到认知障碍,以及在给予d-gal后第6周的径向迷宫测试中空间记忆受损[3]。

[动物实验]

大鼠：将D-半乳糖溶于水中，以100mg / kg体重的剂量给药，并通过口服强饲法，每天一次，在1,2,4,6或8周的时间内给予。将动物随机分成两组：对照动物（通过口服管饲法接受水）或d-gal动物（通过口服强饲法接受D-半乳糖）。行为测试和生化分析在最后一次给予d-gal后第1周，第2周，第4周，第6周和第8周进行[3]。小鼠：将雄性成年C57BL / 6小鼠随机分成三组（对照，D-半乳糖和D-半乳糖加α-LA）。每天向小鼠皮下（sc）注射D-半乳糖（100mg / kg）7周。每天腹膜内（ip）注射α-LA（100mg / kg体重），伴随7周。给予所有对照动物盐水[2]。

[参考文献]

[1]. Csiszovszki Z, et al. Structure and function of the D-galactose network in enterobacteria. MBio. 2011 Jun 28;2(4):e00053-11.

[2]. Cui X, et al. Chronic systemic D-galactose exposure induces memory loss, neurodegeneration, and oxidativedamage in mice: protective effects of R-alpha-lipoic acid. J Neurosci Res. 2006 Aug 15;84(3):647-54.

[3]. Budni J, et al. Oral administration of d-galactose induces cognitive impairments and oxidative damage in rats. Behav Brain Res. 2016 Apr 1;302:35-43.


[相关活性小分子]

3-甲基腺嘌呤 | 氢化可的松 | N-乙酰半胱氨酸 | 维生素A酸； 视黄酸 | 褪黑素 | 地诺前列酮 | 烟酰胺 | 5'-三磷酸腺苷 | 对乙酰氨基苯酚 | 列腺素 E1 | 去氢表雄酮 | 肾上腺酮 | 孕酮； 黄体素； 黄体酮 | 二十二碳六烯酸 | 辅酶I

半乳糖物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.6±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
527.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
168-170 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C6H12O6

[ 分子量 ]:
180.156

[ 闪点 ]:
286.7±26.6 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
180.063385

[ PSA ]:
110.38000

[ LogP ]:
-3.17

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.0±3.1 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.573

[ 储存条件 ]:
Store at RT.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
H2O: 100 mg/mL

半乳糖MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

半乳糖毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
LW5490000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Galactose, D-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
59-23-4
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
1724619
LAST UPDATED :
199709
DATA ITEMS CITED :
12
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C6-H12-O6
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
180.18

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
240 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 11-22 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
JOPDAB Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year: 70,676,1967
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
188 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8-10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
REFERENCE :
ANENAG Annales d'Endocrinologie. (Masson Editeur, 120 Blvd. Saint-Germain, F-25280 Paris Cedex 06, France) V.1- 1939- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,203,1959
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
440 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-22 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
REFERENCE :
JOPDAB Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year: 67,438,1965
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
475 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 3-22 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other postnatal measures or effects
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year: 214,1145,1981
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
1000 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 3-22 day(s) after conception lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - germ cell effects (in offspring)
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year: 214,1145,1981
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
1260 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - abortion Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,29A,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
630 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,46C,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
16500 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)
REFERENCE :
TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,7,1987
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
840 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 14 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - ovaries, fallopian tubes Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility
REFERENCE :
FESTAS Fertility and Sterility. (American Fertility Soc., 608 13th Ave. S, Birmingham, AL 35282) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 49,522,1988 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 81790 No. of Facilities: 97 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 6 No. of Employees: 1707 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 81790 No. of Facilities: 148 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 7 No. of Employees: 2013 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1456 (estimated)
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半乳糖安全信息

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xi

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
36/37/38

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S22-S24/25

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK德国 ]:
3

[ RTECS号 ]:
LW5490000

[ 海关编码 ]:
29400090

半乳糖合成路线

详细合成路线

半乳糖上下游产品

半乳糖上游产品

半乳糖下游产品

半乳糖制备

1.在酸性介质中乳糖可被水解成D（ ＋）-半乳糖，然后用水溶解，再用乙醇使结晶析出即得纯品。

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半乳糖海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 29400090

半乳糖文献

Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. polysaccharide ameliorates hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia and vascular inflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

J. Ethnopharmacol. 164 , 229-38, (2015)

Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. (RG) has been widely used as traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treatment of diabetes and its complications. The polysaccharide fraction of RG has been proposed ...

Urinary metabolic fingerprinting of mice with diet-induced metabolic derangements by parallel dual secondary column-dual detection two-dimensional comprehensive gas chromatography.

J. Chromatogr. A. 1361 , 265-76, (2014)

This study investigates the potential of a parallel dual secondary column-dual detection two-dimensional comprehensive GC platform (GC×2GC-MS/FID) for metabolic profiling and fingerprinting of mouse u...

Functional study of the Hap4-like genes suggests that the key regulators of carbon metabolism HAP4 and oxidative stress response YAP1 in yeast diverged from a common ancestor.

PLoS ONE 9(12) , e112263, (2014)

The transcriptional regulator HAP4, induced by respiratory substrates, is involved in the balance between fermentation and respiration in S. cerevisiae. We identified putative orthologues of the Hap4 ...


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推荐生产厂家/供应商：

公司名：上海化源世纪贸易有限公司

区域：上海市普陀区

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联系人：徐经理

产品详情：D-半乳糖

公司名：云南西力生物技术股份有限公司

区域：昆明市盘龙区

价格：
￥需询单/5mg

联系人：郑雪平

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公司名：上海吉至生化科技有限公司

区域：上海市奉贤区

价格：
￥548.0/500g ￥148.0/100g ￥58.0/100mg

联系人：刘佳

产品详情：D-半乳糖

公司名：上海脉铂医药科技有限公司

区域：上海市嘉定区

价格：
￥489.0/500mg ￥需询单/1g ￥需询单/1g ￥需询单/1g

联系人：李先生

产品详情：galactose

公司名：上海创赛科技有限公司

区域：上海市嘉定区

价格：
￥34.0/25g ￥87.0/100g ￥291.0/500g ￥1117.0/2500g

联系人：夏言

产品详情：[Perfemiker]D-半乳糖,98%

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