Sodium Dichloroacetate

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 21:59:12

Sodium Dichloroacetate structure	Common Name	Sodium Dichloroacetate
	CAS Number	2156-56-1	Molecular Weight	150.924
	Density	N/A	Boiling Point	194ºC at 760mmHg
	Molecular Formula	C₂HCl₂NaO₂	Melting Point	198 °C (dec.)(lit.)
	MSDS	Chinese USA	Flash Point	N/A
	Symbol	GHS07, GHS08	Signal Word	Warning

Use of Sodium Dichloroacetate

Sodium dichloroacetate is a metabolic regulator in cancer cells' mitochondria with anticancer activity. Sodium dichloroacetate inhibits PDHK, resulting in decreased lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment. Sodium dichloroacetate increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and promotes cancer cell apoptosis. Sodium dichloroacetate also works as NKCC inhibitor[1].

Name	sodium,2,2-dichloroacetate
Synonym	More Synonyms

Description	Sodium dichloroacetate is a metabolic regulator in cancer cells' mitochondria with anticancer activity. Sodium dichloroacetate inhibits PDHK, resulting in decreased lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment. Sodium dichloroacetate increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and promotes cancer cell apoptosis. Sodium dichloroacetate also works as NKCC inhibitor[1].
Related Catalog	Signaling Pathways >> Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >> PDHK Signaling Pathways >> Apoptosis >> Apoptosis Research Areas >> Cancer Signaling Pathways >> Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >> NKCC
Target	PDHK; Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Apoptosis; NKCC[1]
In Vitro	Sodium dichloroacetate increases ROS generation in mitochondria. Sodium dichloroacetate affects cell growth and viability through the ROS production increase derived from the promotion of oxidative metabolism. The effects of Sodium dichloroacetate on multiple myeloma cell viability, cell cycle arrest, and apoptotic cell death were associated with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK) inhibition, restored pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, and the promotion of oxidative metabolism in association with increased intracellular ROS production which depends on the Sodium dichloroacetate dose. The Sodium dichloroacetate effects cooperated with C I inhibition promoting the oxidative stress in rat VM-M3 glioblastoma cells. Increased ROS levels in Sodium dichloroacetate-treated cancer cells are related to the induction of apoptosis associated with the increased cytochrome c expression. Sodium dichloroacetate causes ROS-dependent T-cell differentiation[1].
In Vivo	The NKCC1 RNA expression levels in Sodium dichloroacetate-treated gonad-intact and castrated males are significantly decreased, and no such effect is determined in the gonad-intact and castrated female Sodium dichloroacetate-treated rats[1]. A single Sodium dichloroacetate dose causes a significantly higher 24 h diuresis in Wistar male rats, and the increased diuresis is related to NKCC2 inhibition. The NKCC2 is more abundant in kidneys of intact females compared to intact males, with a greater transporter density in Sprague-Dawley female rats[1]. The oral Sodium dichloroacetate bioavailability in naïve male rats dosed 5, 20 and 100 mg/kg is significantly lower than in GSTζ-depleted ones (10%, 13%, 81% and 31%, 75%, 100%, respectively). The liver extraction of Sodium dichloroacetate in the GSTζ-depleted rats has linear kinetics, but it decreases with the metabolism saturation at higher doses[1].
References	[1]. Stakišaitis D, et al. The Importance of Gender-Related Anticancer Research on Mitochondrial Regulator Sodium Dichloroacetate in Preclinical Studies In Vivo. Cancers (Basel). 2019 Aug 20;11(8). pii: E1210.

Boiling Point	194ºC at 760mmHg
Melting Point	198 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Molecular Formula	C₂HCl₂NaO₂
Molecular Weight	150.924
Exact Mass	149.925125
PSA	40.13000
Vapour Pressure	0.196mmHg at 25°C
Storage condition	Desiccate at RT
Water Solubility	soluble in cold water

Sodium Dichloroacetate MSDS(Chinese)

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: AG9275000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Acetic acid, dichloro-, sodium salt

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 2156-56-1

LAST UPDATED :: 199801

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 13

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C2-H-Cl2-O2.Na

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 150.92

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: QVYGG &-NA-

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 5281 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4845 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >3 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 30425 mg/kg/12W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 45500 mg/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Endocrine - hypoglycemia Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2450 mg/kg/7W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other Enzymes

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 61 gm/kg/12W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from peripheral motor nerve Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 4550 mg/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - food intake (animal) Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 164 gm/kg/1Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 182 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 13 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 4375 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 10 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 2188 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 10 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation in microorganisms

TEST SYSTEM :: Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium

DOSE/DURATION :: 5 ug/plate

REFERENCE :: AJCNAC American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. (American Soc. for Clinical Nutrition, Inc., 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814) V.2- 1954- Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,1179,1980

Symbol	GHS07, GHS08
Signal Word	Warning
Hazard Statements	H315-H319-H335-H351
Precautionary Statements	P261-P281-P305 + P351 + P338
Personal Protective Equipment	dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves
Hazard Codes	Xi:Irritant;
Risk Phrases	R36/37/38
Safety Phrases	S26-S37/39
RIDADR	2811
WGK Germany	2
RTECS	AG9275000
HS Code	2942000000

Precursor 0
DownStream 2
CAS#:4124-30-5 DICHLOROACETIC ... CAS#:74304-83-9 5-bromo-ethylen...

HS Code	2942000000

Dual-targeting of aberrant glucose metabolism in glioblastoma.

J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res 34 , 14, (2015)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor. In contrast to some other tumor types, aberrant glucose metabolism is an important component of GBM growth and chemoresistance....

A Korean female patient with thiamine-responsive pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency due to a novel point mutation (Y161C)in the PDHA1 gene.

J. Korean Med. Sci. 21 , 800-4, (2006)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) deficiency is mostly due to mutations in the X-linked E1alpha subunit gene (PDHA1). Some of the patients with PDHC deficiency showed clinical improvements with th...

Sensitization of Glioblastoma Cells to Irradiation by Modulating the Glucose Metabolism.

Mol. Cancer Ther. 14 , 1794-804, (2015)

Because radiotherapy significantly increases median survival in patients with glioblastoma, the modulation of radiation resistance is of significant interest. High glycolytic states of tumor cells are...

Acetic acid, 2,2-dichloro-, sodium salt (1:1)

EINECS 218-461-3

MFCD00070489

Cpc 211

sodium salt of dichloroacetate

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dichloroacetate de sodium

ACETIC ACID,DICHLORO-,SODIUM SALT

Sodium dichloroacetate

Dichloroctan sodny [Czech]

dichloroacetic acid sodium salt

sodium dichlroacetate

dichloroacetate sodium salt

Sodium 2,2-dichloroacetate

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