甘露醇

甘露醇用途

【用途一】
用作分析试剂，也用于树脂和药品的合成
【用途二】
医药上用作脱水剂和利尿药，用于降低颅内压、眼内压、利尿及防治早期急性肾功能不全，也用作药片的赋形剂
【用途三】
低热量甜味剂；胶姆糖及糖果的防粘剂；营养增补剂及组织改良剂；保湿剂；填充剂。
【用途四】
甜味剂(低热量、低甜度)；营养增补剂；品质改良剂；糕点、胶姆糖等防黏剂；保温剂。
【用途五】
甘露醇在医药上是良好的利尿剂，降低颅内压、眼内压及治疗肾药、脱水剂、食糖代用品、也用作药片的赋形剂及固体、液体的稀释剂。甘露醇注射液作为高渗透降压药，是临床抢救特别是脑部疾患抢救常用的一种药物，具有降低颅内压药物所要求的降压快、疗效准确的特点。作为片剂用赋形剂，甘露醇无吸湿性，干燥快，化学稳定性好，而且具有爽口、造粒性好等特点，用于抗癌药、抗菌药、抗组织胺药以及维生素等大部分片剂。此外，也用于醒酒药、口中清凉剂等口嚼片剂。在食品方面，该品在糖及糖醇中的吸水性最小，并具有爽口的甜味，用于麦芽糖、口香糖、年糕等食品的防粘，以及用作一般糕点的防粘粉。也可用作糖尿病患者用食品、健美食品等低热值、低糖的甜味剂。在工业上，甘露醇可用于塑料行业，制松香酸酯及人造甘油树脂、炸药、雷管（硝化甘露醇）等。在化学分析中用于硼的测定，生物检验上用作细菌培养剂等。甘露醇虽可被人的胃肠所吸收，但在体内并不蓄积。被吸收后，一部分在体内被代谢，另一部分从尿中排出；经氢溴酸反应可制得二溴甘露糖醇。
【用途六】
检定和测定硼和锗，生化研究，极谱分析硼，金属掩蔽剂，有机微量分析测定羟基的标准，肾功能检验，单倍体育种。在微生物学中：甘露醇是某些微生物的良好培养基。

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甘露醇名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
69-65-8

[ 中文名 ]:
甘露醇

[ 英文名 ]:
D-Mannitol

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

Mannit p
MFCD00064287
Cytosine API
4-aminopyrimidin-2-one
D-Mannitol
EINECS 200-711-8
(2R,3R,4R,5R)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
Mannitol
Cordycepate
(2R,3R,4R,5R)-Hexan-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol

甘露醇生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

D-Mannitol是渗透性利尿剂,具有较弱的肾脏血管扩张活性。

[ 相关类别 ]:

研究领域 >> 代谢疾病

天然产物 >> 其他

[ 靶点 ]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

[参考文献]

[1]. Tan, K., et al., The mannitol operon repressor MtlR belongs to a new class of transcription regulators in bacteria. J Biol Chem, 2009. 284(52): p. 36670-9.

[2]. Nishiyama, A., et al., Mannitol lowers fat digestibility and body fat accumulation in both normal and cecectomized rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 2009. 55(3): p. 242-51.

[3]. Hanieh, H. and E. Sakaguchi, Effect of D-mannitol on feed digestion and cecotrophic system in rabbits. Anim Sci J, 2009. 80(2): p. 157-62.

[相关活性小分子]

甘露醇物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.6±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
494.9±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
167-170ºC

[ 分子式 ]:
C₆H₁₄O₆

[ 分子量 ]:
182.172

[ 闪点 ]:
292.5±23.3 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
182.079041

[ PSA ]:
121.38000

[ LogP ]:
-4.67

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色结晶粉末

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.0±2.8 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.597

[ 储存条件 ]:
存放于惰性气体之中;避免湿气 (吸湿)

[ 水溶解性 ]:
水溶性：可溶；不溶：乙醚

甘露醇MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

甘露醇毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: OP2060000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Mannitol, D-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 69-65-8

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 1721898

LAST UPDATED :: 199701

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 12

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C6-H14-O6

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 182.20

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: Q1YQYQ 2 -BBAA -D

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 17143 mg/kg/2D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Vascular - BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 13500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 9690 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 22 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from small intestine

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 14 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 7470 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA inhibition

TEST SYSTEM :: Human Lymphocyte

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 mmol/L

REFERENCE :: PNASA6 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (National Academy of Sciences, Printing & Pub. Office, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20418) V.1- 1915- Volume(issue)/page/year: 79,1171,1982 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X4308 No. of Facilities: 1555 (estimated) No. of Industries: 14 No. of Occupations: 31 No. of Employees: 41268 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 28689 (estimated)

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甘露醇安全信息

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xi

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R36/37/38

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S24/25

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
OP2060000

[ 海关编码 ]:
2905430000

甘露醇合成路线

详细合成路线

甘露醇上下游产品

甘露醇上游产品

甘露醇下游产品

甘露醇制备

【方法一】
在镍催化剂存在下用氢气(压力4.9～14.7MPa，120～150℃)还原50%的蔗糖水溶液而得，其中1/4转化成甘露糖醇，3/4转化成山梨糖醇，再经结晶、分离、精制而成。
【方法二】
将50%蔗糖水溶液在镍催化下加氢，约有四分之一转化成甘露糖醇，其余转化成山梨糖醇，再经结晶、分离、精制而得。也可将提碘后的海带浸泡，加碱中和，经电渗析、浓缩、结晶、分离、精制而得。
【方法三】
甘露醇可从海带中提取，也可从海藻中提取，但较多采用葡萄糖或蔗糖溶液电解还原或催化还原的方法。

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甘露醇海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2905430000

[ 中文概述 ]:
HS:2905430000 甘露糖醇增值税率:17.0% 退税率:9.0% 监管条件:AB 最低关税:8.0% 普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途, 包装

[ 监管条件 ]: A.入境货物通关单 B.出境货物通关单

[ 检验检疫 ]: R.进口食品卫生监督检验 S.出口食品卫生监督检验

[ Summary ]:
HS:2905430000 (2r,3r,4r,5r)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaol VAT:17.0% Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:AB MFN tariff:8.0% General tariff:30.0%

甘露醇文献

Urinary metabolic fingerprinting of mice with diet-induced metabolic derangements by parallel dual secondary column-dual detection two-dimensional comprehensive gas chromatography.

J. Chromatogr. A. 1361 , 265-76, (2014)

This study investigates the potential of a parallel dual secondary column-dual detection two-dimensional comprehensive GC platform (GC×2GC-MS/FID) for metabolic profiling and fingerprinting of mouse u...

Evidence of oxidative stress and mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction in an in vitro model of sepsis-induced kidney injury.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1837(10) , 1790-800, (2014)

To investigate the role of oxidative stress and/or mitochondrial impairment in the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) during sepsis, we developed a sepsis-induced in vitro model using proximal tu...

Rapid detection of sugar alcohol precursors and corresponding nitrate ester explosives using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry.

Analyst 140(8) , 2785-96, (2015)

This work highlights the rapid detection of nitrate ester explosives and their sugar alcohol precursors by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) using an off-axis geometry. Demonstr...

更多文献

甘露醇

甘露醇用途

甘露醇名称

甘露醇生物活性

甘露醇物理化学性质

甘露醇MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

甘露醇毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

MUTATION DATA

甘露醇安全信息

甘露醇合成路线

详细合成路线

甘露醇上下游产品

甘露醇上游产品

甘露醇下游产品

甘露醇制备

甘露醇海关

甘露醇文献

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