Divalproex sodium

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 14:02:08

Divalproex sodium structure	Common Name	Divalproex sodium
	CAS Number	76584-70-8	Molecular Weight	310.405
	Density	N/A	Boiling Point	220ºC at 760 mmHg
	Molecular Formula	C₁₆H₃₁NaO₄	Melting Point	222ºC
	MSDS	N/A	Flash Point	116.6ºC

Use of Divalproex sodium

Valproic acid (VPA) sodium (2:1) is an orally active HDAC inhibitor, with IC50 in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC50, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid sodium (2:1) activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium (2:1) is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, metabolic disease, HIV infection and prevention of migraine headaches[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].

Name	valproate semisodium
Synonym	More Synonyms

Description	Valproic acid (VPA) sodium (2:1) is an orally active HDAC inhibitor, with IC50 in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC50, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid sodium (2:1) activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium (2:1) is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, metabolic disease, HIV infection and prevention of migraine headaches[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].
Related Catalog	Signaling Pathways >> Apoptosis >> Apoptosis Research Areas >> Cancer Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> HIV Research Areas >> Infection Signaling Pathways >> Stem Cell/Wnt >> Notch Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Mitophagy Research Areas >> Metabolic Disease Signaling Pathways >> Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >> HDAC Research Areas >> Neurological Disease Signaling Pathways >> Epigenetics >> HDAC
Target	HDAC1:400 μM (IC50) HDAC:0.5-2 mM (IC50) HDAC2
In Vitro	Valproic acid (VPA) (0-15 mM, 24 and 72 h) inhibits Hela cell growth in a dose- and time- dependent manner[1]. Valproic acid (10 mM, 24 h) significantly attenuates the activities of total, cytosol and nuclear HDACs[1]. Valproic acid (0-15 mM, 24 h) induces a G1 phase arrest at 1–3 mM and a G2/M phase arrest at 10 mM, and increases the percentage of sub-G1 cells in HeLa cells. Valproic acid also induces necrosis, apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release[1]. Valproic acid (0-20 mM, 24 h) activates Tcf/Lef-dependent transcription and synergizes with lithium[2]. Valproic acid (0-5 mM, 0-18 h) increases β-catenin levels in Neuro2A cells[2]. Valproic acid (0-2 mM, 0-24 h) stimulates phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in hepatocytes[5]. Valproic acid (0-10 mM, 2 days) induces Notch1 signaling and morphologic differentiation, suppresses production of NE tumor markers in SCLC cells[6]. Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Line: HeLa cells Concentration: 0, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 mM Incubation Time: 24 and 72 h Result: HeLa cell growth was dose- and time-dependently decreased with an IC50 of ~10 and 4 mM at 24 and 72 h. Western Blot Analysis[1][2][5] Cell Line: HeLa cells, Neuro2A cells or primary mouse hepatocytes Concentration: 10 mM (HeLa); 0, 2, and 5 mM (Neuro2A); 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 2 Mm (hepatocytes) Incubation Time: 24 h (HeLa); 0-18 h (Neuro2A); 0-24 h (hepatocytes) Result: Increased the form of acetylated histone 3. Reduced PARP, induced cleavage PARP, and downregulated Bcl-2. Increased β-catenin levels. Increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC. Cell Cycle Analysis[1] Cell Line: HeLa cells Concentration: 0, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 mM Incubation Time: 24 h Result: Induced a G1 phase arrest at 1–3 mM, significantly induced a G2/M phase arrest at 10 mM, and increased the percentage of sub-G1 cells in HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner at 24 h.
In Vivo	Valproic acid (VPA) (500 mg/kg; i.p.; daily for 12 days) inhibits tumor angiogenesis in mice transplanted with Kasumi-1 cells[3]. Valproic acid (350 mg/kg; i.p.; once) enhances social behavior in rats[4]. Valproic acid (0.26% (w/v); p.o. via drinking water; 14 days) decreases liver mass, hepatic fat accumulation, and serum glucose in obese mice without hepatotoxicity[5]. Animal Model: Female BALB/c nude mice, Kasumi-1 tumor model[3] Dosage: 500 mg/kg Administration: Intraperitoneal injection, daily for 12 days Result: Inhibited tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. Inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of VEGF, VEGFR2 and bFGF. Inhibited HDAC activity and increased acetylation of histone H3. Enhanced the accumulation of hyperacetylated histone H3 on VEGF promoters. Animal Model: Timed-pregnant Long Evans rats[4] Dosage: 350 mg/kg Administration: Intraperitoneal injection, once Result: Demonstrated more social investigation and play fighting than control animals. Animal Model: Obese phenotype of ob/ob mice[5] Dosage: 0.26% (w/v) Administration: Oral via drinking water, 14 days Result: Revealed a marked reduction in the accumulation of fats in the liver as compared with the untreated mice, significantly decreased liver mass to body mass, decreased serum triglyceride concentrations, and did not induce hepatotoxicity.
References	[1]. Han BR, et al. Valproic acid inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells via caspase-dependent apoptosis. Oncol Rep. 2013 Dec;30(6):2999-3005. [2]. Valproic acid, et al. Histone deacetylase is a direct target of valproic acid, a potent anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer, and teratogen. J Biol Chem. 2001 Sep 28;276(39):36734-41. [3]. Zhang ZH, et al. Valproic acid inhibits tumor angiogenesis in mice transplanted with Kasumi 1 leukemia cells. Mol Med Rep. 2013 Nov 28. [4]. Cohen OS, et al. Acute prenatal exposure to a moderate dose of valproic acid increases social behavior and alters gene expression in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2013 Dec;31(8):740-50. [5]. Avery LB, et al. Valproic Acid Is a Novel Activator of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Decreases Liver Mass, Hepatic Fat Accumulation, and Serum Glucose in Obese Mice. Mol Pharmacol. 2014 Jan;85(1):1-10. [6]. Platta CS, et al. Valproic acid induces Notch1 signaling in small cell lung cancer cells. J Surg Res. 2008 Jul;148(1):31-7. [7]. Routy JP, et al. Valproic acid in association with highly active antiretroviral therapy for reducing systemic HIV-1 reservoirs: results from a multicentre randomized clinical study. HIV Med. 2012 May;13(5):291-6.

Boiling Point	220ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	222ºC
Molecular Formula	C₁₆H₃₁NaO₄
Molecular Weight	310.405
Flash Point	116.6ºC
Exact Mass	310.212006
PSA	77.43000
LogP	3.24010
Storage condition	Refrigerator

Hazard Codes	Xi

Valcote

Semisodium Valproate

Sodium hydrogen bis(2-propylvalerate)

MFCD00879852

Depakote

sodium,2-propylpentanoate,2-propylpentanoic acid

Valproate semisodium

Pentanoic acid, 2-propyl-, sodium salt (2:1)

Sodium divalproate

Sodium hydrogen bis(2-propylpentanoate)

Sodium hydrogen divalproate

Sprinkle

sodium 2-propylpentanoate - 2-propylpentanoic acid (1:1)

Divalproate

Depakote ER

Depakote CP

UNII-644VL95AO6

Epival

Sodium 2-propylpentanoate - 2-propylpentanoic acid (1:1:1)

sodium 2-propylpentanoate 2-propylpentanoic acid (1:1)

Delepsine

Divalproex sodium

DC Chemicals Limited
China
Product Name: Divalproex sodium
Price: $250.0/100mg $500.0/250mg $1000.0/1g
Purity: 98.0%
Stocking Period: 3 Day
Contact: Tony Cao

Dayang Chem (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd.
China
Product Name: Divalproex sodium
Price: $Inquiry/100g $Inquiry/1kg $Inquiry/100kg $Inquiry/1000kg
Purity: 98.0%
Stocking Period: Inquiry
Contact: Ms Wang

Zhejiang Hangyu API Co., Ltd
China
Product Name: Divalproex sodium
Price: ￥Inquiry/1kg
Purity: 99.5%
Stocking Period: Inquiry
Contact: Vinnie

Henan Tianfu Chemical Co., Ltd.
China
Product Name: 76584-70-8 Divalproex sodium
Price: $Inquiry/1kg $Inquiry/25kg $Inquiry/1000kg $Inquiry/10ton
Purity: 99.0%
Stocking Period: Inquiry
Contact: Anson

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