(-)-Gallocatechin, an epimer of (-)-Epigallocatechin (EGC), is contained in various tea products. (-)-Gallocatechin has antioxidant activities[1][2][3].
(Rac)-Sitagliptin is an isoform of Sitagliptin (HY-13749), which is a potent and orally active inhibitor of DPP4 with an IC50 of 19 nM in Caco-2 cell extracts[1].
Lithocholic acid-d5 is deuterium labeled Lithocholic acid.
Imiloxan hydrochloride is a potent and selective alpha 2B-adrenoceptor antagonist. Imiloxan hydrochloride has the potential for acute kidney injury research[1][2].
Desmosterol is a molecule similar to cholesterol. Desmosterol is the immediate precursor of cholesterol in the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. Desmosterol, as an endogenous metabolite, used to study cholesterol metabolism[1].
IDD388 is a potent aldose reductase (ALR2 or AKR1B1) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.4 uM, shows weak inhibition for AKR1B10 (IC50=4.4 uM).
PF-04937319 is a glucokinase activator (GKA) with EC50 value of 154.4 μM, one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus[1].PF-04937319 is designed to maintain glucose-lowering efficacy while mitigating the risk of hypoglycaemia observed with many other GKAs[2].
DL-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) disodium is a disodium salt compound of HMG-CoA, is a intermediate of terpenes and ketone bodies. DL-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A disodium also involves in ester metabolism in vivo, as a precursor for cholesterol synthesis, and regulates cholesterol synthesis by coupling LDL receptor[1][2].
Sulfobromophthalein (Bromosulfophthalein) disodium salt is an organic anion dye used in the study of a variety of membrane carriers expressed in animal tissues and involved in transport of drugs and metabolites[1].
Fluazifop-P-butyl, a graminicide from arylophenoxypropionate group, is a acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor[1].
Citric acid monohydrate is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid monohydrate induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase. Citric acid monohydrate cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid monohydrate causes renal toxicity in mice[1][2][3].
LY2452473 is an orally bioavailable, selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM).
Cytisine is an alkaloid that occurs naturally in several plant genera, such as Laburnum and Cytisus. Cytisine is a partial agonist of α4β2 nAChRs[1], and partial to full agonist at β4 containing receptors and α7 receptors[2]. has been used medically to help with smoking cessation[3].
C12-Ceramide (N-Lauroyl-D-erythro-sphingosine), a naturally occurring ceramide, is formed by hydrolysis of C12 sphingomyelin. C12-Ceramide can enhance the Doxorubicin toxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells. C12-Ceramide also can be used to diagnose types A and B Niemann-Pick disease[1][1].
D-Glucose-13C-1 (Glucose-13C-1) is the 13C labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response[1].
Nordeprenyl is the metabolite of Deprenyl. Deprenyl is a potent, selective and irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B[1].
Diphenyl Phosphate-d10 (DPhP-d10) is the deuterium labled Diphenyl Phosphate (HY-W008151). Diphenyl Phosphate inhibits growth and energy metabolism of zebrafish in a sex-specific manner.
β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH), human is a melanocortin (MC) receptor agonist.
Pi-Methylimidazoleacetic acid is a potential neurotoxin.
L-Alanine-13C3 (L-2-Aminopropionic acid-13C3) is the 13C-labeled L-Alanine. L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.
Keap1–Nrf2 IN-1 (compound35) is a Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Keap1-Nrf2) protein-protein interaction inhibitor, and with an IC50 of 43 nM for Keap1 protein. Keap1–Nrf2 IN-1 (compound35) activates Nrf2-regulated cytoprotective response and antagonizes acetaminophen-induced liver injury both in cellular and in vivo models[1].
Dorzagliatin (HMS5552), a dual-acting glucokinase (GK) activator, improves glycaemic control and pancreatic β-cell function in type 2 diabetes[1].
H-Glu(Met-OH)-OH could induce oxidation of hydroxyl radical[1].
2-Methylvaleric acid (2-Methylpentanoic acid) is a short-chain fatty acid isolated from Campomanesia adamantium and dairy products. 2-Methylvaleric acid is also found in animal feces. 2-Methylvaleric acid is a flavor compound used for food-flavor ingredient, fragrances[1][2][3].
SGLT1/2-IN-1 is a dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor extract from WO2015032272A1, compound 2 [1].
D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate is a common precursor for the heptoses of septacidin (group III) and hygromycin B (group IV). D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate can be converted to NDP-heptoses through similar biosynthetic pathways in those compounds [1].
MSDC-0602K (Azemiglitazone potassium), a PPARγ-sparing thiazolidinedione (Ps-TZD), binds to PPARγ with the IC50 of 18.25 μM[1]. MSDC-0602K modulates the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). MSDC-0602K can be used for the research of fatty liver including dysfunctional lipid metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance[2]. MSDC-0602K, an insulin sensitizer, improves insulinemia and fatty liver disease in mice, alone and in combination with Liraglutide[3].
Vildagliptin-13C5,15N (LAF237-13C5,15N; NVP-LAF 237-13C5,15N) is a 13C- and 15N-labeled Vildagliptin (HY-14291). Vildagliptin (LAF237) is a potent, stable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.5 nM in human Caco-2 cells. Vildagliptin possesses excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity[1][2].
Euphorbiasteroid is a tricyclic diperpene of Euphorbia lathyris L., inhibits tyrosinase, and increases the phosphorylation of AMPK, with anti-cancer, anti-virus, anti-obesity and multidrug resistance-modulating effect[1].
Saikosaponin B3 is a saikosaponin isolated from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L., with analgesic effect. Saikosaponin B3 inhibits ACTH-induced lipolysis in the fat cells[1][2][3].