Oxides and peroxides

The oxide consists of two elements, one of which is a compound of oxygen. Oxides are inorganic compounds. In addition to very few elements such as lanthanum, cerium, and lanthanum, other elements can form oxides with oxygen. Oxides are generally classified into basic oxides, acidic oxides, and amphoteric oxides according to their acidity and alkalinity. The basic oxide can react with an acid to form a salt, the acidic oxide can react with an alkali solution to form a salt, and the amphoteric oxide can react with a base or with an acid. Some oxides such as carbon monoxide CO, nitric oxide, NO, etc., which do not react with an acid or react with a base, are called neutral oxides. Oxides are widely found in nature, such as carbon dioxide in the air. The main component of quartz sand is silica SiO2, the raw material of ironmaking, hematite, whose main component is iron oxide. The main application of oxides: 1 catalyst. 2 inorganic pigments. 3 magnetic materials. 4 optical materials. 5 superconducting materials. 6 chemical separation. Peroxides are also known as superoxides. A compound containing a peroxy group (—O—O—). There are inorganic and organic points. Inorganic peroxides are mostly peroxides of active metals, such as sodium peroxide (Na2O2), potassium peroxide (K2O2), etc., which emit water and heat to release oxygen atoms, which may cause combustibles to burn or explode. It is a strong oxidant. Common inorganic peroxides are: hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, barium peroxide, calcium peroxide, peroxodisulfate and ammonium peroxodisulfate. Organic peroxides are generally considered to be derivatives of hydrogen peroxide (H-O-O-H) and are the initial products of the oxidation of combustible materials, such as benzoyl peroxide [(C6H5CO)2O2], peroxidation. Methyl ethyl ketone [C2H5COOCH3], etc., their properties are extremely unstable, they are easily decomposed by heat, impact, friction or vibration, and an oxidation-reduction reaction can cause combustion or explosion of themselves, and can cause combustibles that are in contact with each other to burn or explode. When storing and transporting, the packaging should be in good condition, and the material should be separated from the nature, away from fire source, heat source, waterproof, moisture proof, direct sunlight, no friction, impact, rolling; no organic peroxide such as benzoyl peroxide Materials should also be stored and transported with stabilizers. The main use of peroxides is as an oxidant. Hydrogen peroxide is a pollution-free oxidant with strong bactericidal ability. It uses 3% hydrogen peroxide as a disinfectant in medicine. It is used industrially to bleach fabrics such as wool, silk and feathers. In laboratory and chemical reagent production, 30% solution is also commonly used as an oxidant, such as sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate for the synthesis of detergents. Pure hydrogen peroxide is also used as a rocket fuel. Sodium peroxide is a commonly used peroxide (see "Sodium peroxide"). Peroxydisulfate is used as a catalyst for polymerization. Complex peroxyacids such as chromium, titanium, and vanadium have characteristic colors and are commonly used for qualitative identification and quantitative determination of these metal ions. Alkaline earth metal peroxides are the raw materials for the manufacture of pyrotechnics.