Acid-base balance regulator

[Classification] Divided into two categories: 1 treatment of acidosis drugs: commonly used sodium bicarbonate, sodium lactate, etc.; 2 treatment of alkalosis drugs: commonly used ammonium chloride. [Mechanism] According to the primary pathogenesis of acid-base balance disorder, the acid-base balance disorder can be divided into four basic types: the primary factor is metabolizer, which is metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis. The primary factor is respiratory, respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis refers to the excessive excess of extracellular fluid H+, which can be caused by excessive production of H+ or by a decrease in HCO3-. Treatment of metabolic acidosis is mainly caused by an increase in plasma HCO3- concentration after intravenous administration, neutralizing hydrogen ions, thereby correcting acidosis. Metabolic alkalosis refers to the relative excess of extracellular fluid HCO3-, which can be caused by a decrease in H+ or an excessive production of HCO3-. The treatment of metabolic alkalosis mainly reduces the concentration of HCO3- in plasma after intravenous administration, thereby correcting alkalosis. Respiratory acidosis is caused by decreased alveolar ventilatory function, elevated alveolar PaCO2, elevated blood H2CO3 concentration, and decreased pH. Treatment of respiratory acidosis, generally do not give alkaline drugs, unless the pH drops very much, mainly to improve the patient's ventilation function. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by excessive ventilation, increased CO2 excretion, decreased CO2 in the blood, and increased pH. Treatment of respiratory alkalosis, mainly to actively treat the primary disease, control over-ventilation. [Clinical application] Mainly used to correct the acid-base balance disorder. Treatment of acidosis and alkalosis include the basic cause of treatment and correction of acid or alkalosis. Correcting the imbalance of acid-base balance can not be overcorrected, and it is necessary to observe the reaction while treating, emphasizing close observation during the treatment.