Tetracycline

Tetracyclines are a class of basic broad-spectrum antibiotics produced by Streptomyces or semi-synthetically refined. Antibacterial spectrum includes Gram-positive and negative bacteria, such as purulent and Streptococcus mutans, pneumococcus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium, Bacillus anthracis, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, Brucella, meningococcal, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, spirochete, Rickettsia, and the like. Due to long-term widespread application, the resistance of bacteria to this class of drugs has gradually become more serious since the 1960s, which limits the use of this class of drugs. At present, tetracyclines are mainly used for the use of rickettsia, chlamydia, mycoplasma and regenerative thermospores, as well as infections caused by brucellosis, respiratory tract, biliary tract, urethra, and soft skin. There is close cross-resistance between these drugs. The adverse reactions of this class of drugs are as follows. 1. Liver and kidney damage. There is no adverse reaction at normal dose, long-term application of large dose, liver may have elevated jaundice transaminase, hepatic coma death; renal blood urea nitrogen and creatinine increased. 2. Visible nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. In bed patients, because they can not quickly go to the stomach, staying in the esophagus will stimulate the esophageal ulcer, so patients should drink more water, and try to take a sitting posture. 3. Affect teeth and bone development. It can be deposited in teeth and bones, causing yellowing of teeth, affecting the normal development of bones in infants and young children, while the drug easily penetrates the placenta and enters the milk. Therefore, pregnant women, lactating women and children under 8 years of age are prohibited. 4. Flora imbalance, more common. Lighter causes vitamin deficiency, but double infection caused by Candida albicans and resistant bacteria. 5. Skin sensitization symptoms such as rash, urticaria, photodermatitis, and asthma can be seen. And local irritation caused by injection administration. This class of drugs can not be intramuscularly injected, intravenous drip should be diluted (<1%), slow administration. 6. This class of drugs should be avoided with antacids, calcium salts, iron salts, magnesium salts and drugs containing aluminum and bismuth, so as not to affect the absorption of tetracyclines (including milk); at the same time, due to affecting intestinal flora, The liver and intestine circulation of the steroidal contraceptive is blocked, which hinders the contraceptive effect and should be noted.