Petrochemical

Petrochemical industry is the industry that produces petroleum products from petroleum as well as natural gas chemicals. The petrochemical industry is a new industry that has evolved since the 1920s with the development of the petroleum refining industry. After the Second World War, a large number of chemical raw materials and products were transferred from coal and its by-products to oil and natural gas. Petrochemicals have become the basic industry of the chemical industry and occupy an extremely important position in the national economy. . The raw materials of petrochemical industry are mainly various petroleum fractions and refinery gas produced in the petroleum refining process, as well as oilfield gas and natural gas. After the 1970s, petrochemicals have established a complete technical system, and its products have been applied to various fields such as national defense, national economy and people's life. The production of major products such as ethylene, plastics, synthetic fibers and synthetic rubber is commonly used in the world to measure the development level of petrochemical industry. Because petrochemical can create high economic benefits, it has become an important basic industry in developed countries. In the contemporary era, in order to improve economic efficiency, the petrochemical enterprises have taken measures to make the ethylene production materials diverse, so that the hydrocarbon cracking unit has the flexibility to adapt to a variety of raw materials; the integrated structure of petrochemicals and refining is closer and more fully utilized. Various raw materials; improvement of process technology and adoption of new catalysts to improve product yield, reduce raw material consumption and energy consumption; adjust product structure, develop fine chemicals, and develop new products and new materials with special properties and technology intensive. The pollution problem of the petrochemical production environment is also gradually solved. [Petrochemical Products] Products produced from petroleum or petroleum gas are called petrochemical products. There are thousands of petrochemical products, the most important of which are six basic raw materials (ethylene, propylene, butene, benzene, toluene, xylene). There are currently 7 categories and 57 species in China. Class 1 is an organic raw material, and there are 16 kinds of ethylene, benzene, and methanol. The second category is synthetic resin, and there are 12 kinds of low-density polyethylene and polypropylene. In 2001, the production capacity was nearly 5.05 million tons. The three types are synthetic rubber, and there are five kinds of butadiene rubber. In 2001, its production capacity was 684,600 tons. The four types are synthetic fibers. In 2001, they produced nearly 7.6 million tons, and there were six kinds, namely polyester, nylon, acrylic, vinylon, polypropylene, and PBT fibers. The five categories of fine chemicals are one of the indicators of a country's comprehensive technical level. Developed countries account for 55% to 65% of the total chemical output value, and China only has 35%. The main products are 10 kinds of catalysts, surfactants and synthetic detergents. . The 6 types are chemical fertilizers, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. At present, they mainly produce nitrogen fertilizers such as synthetic ammonia and urea. The production capacity of the two products in 2001 was 2.93 million and 4.62 million tons. The 7 types are inorganic raw materials, that is, tribasic acid and alkali, a total of 5 kinds.