Hydrocarbons are also known as hydrocarbons. An organic compound containing only two elements of hydrocarbon. The hydrogen in the molecule is replaced by an atom or a group of other elements to obtain derivatives of various hydrocarbons. The German chemist Xiao Laima discovered hydrocarbons such as butane, which was hailed as the founder of hydrocarbon chemistry. There are many types of hydrocarbons, and there are more than 2,000 structures known. According to the carbon bond connection method, it is divided into two types: chain hydrocarbons and cyclic hydrocarbons. The former carbon atoms are connected in a chain. The degree to which the valence bond is saturated by a hydrogen atom can be further classified into two types, saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons are alkanes such as methane, ethane, etc.; unsaturated hydrocarbons are olefins and alkynes, and typical representatives are ethylene and acetylene. The carbon bonds in the cyclic hydrocarbon molecules form a closed ring, which includes both alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. There are many similarities between alicyclic hydrocarbons and chain hydrocarbons. Generally, cycloalkanes are like alkanes, and cyclic alkenes and cycloalkynes are like olefins and alkynes, respectively. The aromatic hydrocarbon mainly refers to a hydrocarbon having a benzene ring structure. Chain hydrocarbons are also known as aliphatic hydrocarbons because the oils found in the initial study contained many of these open chain compounds. Alicyclic hydrocarbons are named because their properties are similar to those of aliphatic hydrocarbons. The properties of aromatic hydrocarbons are different from those of other hydrocarbons, and several of the first compounds found are scented, so they are named and used today. Oil, natural gas and coal are the main sources of hydrocarbons. Petroleum refining can obtain various alkane mixtures such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc.; petroleum cracking and reforming can obtain various olefins, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Coal tar contains a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene, naphthalene, etc.). Many higher hydrocarbons are also present in plants, and pigments such as tomatoes and carrots are hydrocarbons. Many animal and plant waxes also contain higher alkanes, such as beeswax containing C27H56, C31H64; spinach leaves containing C33H68, C35H72, C37H76; cabbage leaves containing C29H60. The main component of natural rubber, polyisoprene, is also a hydrocarbon. The important use of hydrocarbons is as fuel and chemical raw materials. From the secondary processing of petroleum, basic organic industrial raw materials such as ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene and naphthalene can be obtained, and further chemical raw materials such as styrene, ethanol and acetone can be further prepared from these raw materials. The use of these raw materials can be processed to produce a variety of plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers and fine chemical products. Hydrocarbons can also be used as food for certain bacteria, and the protein (petroleum) excreted by these bacteria can be used as feed. The scale and level of processing of hydrocarbon compounds in a country can reflect its level of economic and technological development. A hydrocarbon derivative is a generic term for a more complex compound derived from the substitution of one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon molecule by other atoms or groups of atoms. A compound derived by substitution with a halogen is called a halogenated hydrocarbon, a compound substituted with a hydroxyl group is called an alcohol or a phenol, and a compound substituted by a carboxyl group is called a carboxylic acid. An ester, an acid halide, an acid anhydride, an amide, an aldehyde, a ketone, an amine, a nitrile or the like can be considered as a compound derived by substituting a corresponding atomic group for a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon molecule. In the early 19th century, the German chemist Xiao Laima first defined organic chemistry as the chemistry of hydrocarbons and their derivatives based on years of experimental research and theoretical discussion. This definition is based on the principle of atomic combination theory. It is more reasonable and progressive than all previous definitions and was adopted by many chemists at that time. But it does not show the difference between organic and inorganic. The definition of Xiao Laima has greatly promoted the development of organic chemical structure theory. He was the first to scientifically classify organic compounds according to the above definition and establish a scientific system. He first divided the organic matter into aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, and divided the aliphatic compounds into hydrocarbons (saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons), halogen hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters and the like.


Amino compound >
Oxy-containing amino compound Cycloalkylamines, aromatic monoamines, aromatic polyamines and derivatives and salts thereof Acyclic monoamines, polyamines and their derivatives and salts Amide compound Sulfonic acid amino compound
Alcohols, phenols, phenolic compounds and derivatives >
2-cycloalcohol Halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of alcohols Extremely halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of phenols Phenol and its halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives Acyclic alcohol
Nitrogen-containing compound
Nitrile compound
Organic derivative of hydrazine or hydrazine
Terpenoid
Ether compounds and their derivatives >
Ether, ether alcohol Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of ethers, ether alcohols, ether phenols
Aldehyde
Carboxylic compounds and derivatives >
Cyclic carboxylic acid Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of carboxylic acids Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitration of carboxylic anhydrides Carboxylic acid halide Carboxylic esters and their derivatives Salt of carboxylic acid ester and its derivatives Acyclic carboxylic acid
Hydrocarbon compounds and their derivatives >
Aromatic hydrocarbon Cyclic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon sulfonate Hydrocarbon halide Hydrocarbon nitrite Acyclic hydrocarbon
Ketone compound
Alkyl ureas and their derivatives and salts
Inorganic acid ester
Heterocyclic compound
Diazo, azo or azo compound
Organosilicon compound
Organometallic compound >
Organic palladium Organic germanium, cobalt, strontium, barium, gallium, germanium, germanium, germanium, germanium, etc. Organic calcium Zirconium Organic potassium Organic Organic lithium Organic Organic aluminum Organotin Organic manganese Organic sodium Organic nickel Organic titanium Organic iron Organic copper Organotin Organic zinc Organic Organic Organic germanium, mercury, silver, platinum, etc. Organic germanium, antimony, bismuth, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, lead, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, antimony, etc.
Organic sulfur compound
Organic phosphine compound
Organometallic salt
Organic fluorine compound >
Fluorobenzoic acid series Fluorobenzonitrile series Fluorobenzaldehyde series Fluorobenzyl alcohol series Fluoroanisole series Fluoroaniline series Fluorophenylacetic acid series Fluorophenol series Fluorobenzoic acid series Fluoronitrobenzene series Fluoropyridine series Potassium fluoroborate series Fluorobenzyl alcohol series Fluorotoluene series Fluorine red series Fluoroethane series Fluoropropane series
Respiratory medication >
Asthma Other respiratory medications Peony Antitussive
Hormone and endocrine-regulating drugs >
Birth control pills Pituitary hormone Estrogen and progestogen drugs Adrenocorticotropic drugs Gonadotropin Thyroid hormone and antithyroid drugs other Prostaglandins Adrenal corticosteroids Androgen and anabolic hormone drugs Pancreatic hormones and other blood sugar regulating drugs Treatment of male erectile dysfunction drugs
Antipyretic analgesics >
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Antipyretic and analgesic Anti-migraine drug Anti-gout medicine Analgesic
Antiallergic >
Allergic reaction medium blocker Antihistamine
Antiparasitic drug >
Anti-amebiasis and anti-trichomoniasis drugs Antimalarial Resistance to filariasis and anti-leishmaniasis Anti-fungal medicine Anthelmintic Antiprotozoal Anthelmintic
Antibiotics >
Beta-lactamase inhibitor Aminoglycoside Macrolide drug Peptide Polyene Rifamycin Lincosamide Other antibiotics Penicillin Tetracycline Cephalosporin Amide alcohol Agricultural antibiotics
Antineoplastic agents >
Hormone antineoplastic agents Antimetabolite antineoplastic Antibiotic antineoplastic agents Anti-tumor adjuvant Other antineoplastic agents Natural source antineoplastic agents Alkylating agent Tinic antineoplastic agents Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) treatment
Anesthetic Agents >
Skeletal muscle relaxant Local anesthetics General anesthetics
Urinary system medication >
Diuretic Diabetes insipidus medication Other urinary system medication Dehydrated medicine
Other chemicals >
other Health and epidemic prevention drugs
Synthetic anti-infective drugs >
Sulfonamides and synergists Antiviral drugs Anti-tuberculosis leprosy Antihelium drug Antifungal drugs Quinolone Natural source anti-infectives Disinfectant antiseptic Nitrofuran
Nervous system medication >
2 sedative and hypnotics Antiepileptic and anticonvulsant Anxiolytic Antipsychotic Antidepressant, manic Anti-shock palsy Brain metabolism regulating drug Cholinergic Other nervous system medication Central stimulant Parkinson's syndrome
Water, electrolyte and acid-base balance regulator >
Electrolyte balance regulator Glucose drug Acid-base balance regulator
Vitamins and minerals >
Trace elements and mineral drugs Vitamin AD drugs Vitamin B drugs Vitamin C drugs Nutritional health medicine
Digestive system medication >
Liver disease medication Acid and gastric mucosal protective drugs Biliary medicine Other digestive system medication Appetite suppressant and other diet pills Gastrointestinal drug Gastrointestinal expectorant Laxative antidiarrheal Inhibition of gastric acid secretion Antiemetic emetic Digestive drug
Blood system medication >
Leukocyte proliferative drug Platelet proliferative drug Anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs Anti-anemia drug Blood volume expander Hemostatic drug
Circulatory system medication >
Regulating blood lipids Prevention and treatment of angina pectoris Calcium channel blocker Anti-congestive heart failure medicine Antihypertensive drug Antiarrhythmic drug Anti-shock vasoactive drug Other circulatory system medication Angiotensin converting enzyme and receptor inhibitor Peripheral vasodilator Beta-adrenergic receptor blocker Treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency Anti-atherosclerosis
Diagnostic medication >
Organ function test agent Image inspection medication
Special medicine >
Radioisotope Antidote Stomatology medication Dermatology medication Surgical medication Ophthalmic medication
Drugs that affect tissue metabolism
Feed drug additive
Anti-stress drug
Immune function drug >
Immunomodulatory drug Immunosuppressive drug
Veterinary drug raw materials
Inhibitor
Common amino acids and protein drugs
Nucleic acid drug
Enzymes and coenzymes
Inhibitor >
Immune inhibitor Protein tyrosine kinase Neuronal Signaling PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) Metabolism Cell Cycle Epigenetics Cytoskeletal Signaling Angiogenesis DNA damage Proteases Apoptosis Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Endocrinology & Hormones G protein coupled receptor(GPCR & G Protein) Transmembrane Transporters Tyrosine protein kinase/signal transducer and transcriptional activator inhibitor (JAK/STAT) TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway inhibitor (TGF-beta/Smad) Stem Cells & Wnt Signaling Paths (Stem Cells & Wnt) Nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB) Ubiquitin inhibitor Microbiology Autophagy lysosome (Autophagy)
Biological response modifier
Fatty drug
Amino acids and their derivatives >
Arginine derivatives Asparagine derivatives Aspartic acid derivative Cysteine derivative Glutamine derivative Glutamic acid derivative Glycine derivatives Histidine derivative Isoleucine derivative Leucine derivative Lysine derivative Methionine derivatives Phenylalanine derivatives Proline derivatives Serine derivative Threonine derivative Tryptophan derivatives Tyrosine derivatives Proline derivatives Alanine derivatives Methionine derivatives BOC-amino acid Cbz-amino acid FMOC-amino acid --amino acid Other protected amino acids Amino alcohol derivative Amino acid salt Ester amino acid Other amino acid derivatives Natural amino acids and their derivatives
Carbohydrate >
Monosaccharide Oligosaccharide Polysaccharide Double sugar
Biochemical reagent >
Biological dye Acid-base indicator Adjuvant
Nucleoside drugs >
Nucleoside intermediate Deoxynucleotides and their analogues Nucleotides and their analogues
Condensing agent
Peptide
Natural product
Plant extracts
Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
Microbiological reagent
Protein research
antibody >
Antibody Enzyme secondary antibody Apoptosis and autophagy Cell metabolism Chromatin / epigenetic / cell cycle Cytoskeleton/extracellular matrix MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathway Neuroscience Immunity and inflammation PKC, calcium ion and lipid signaling pathway Stem cells, development and differentiation Protein translation, folding and degradation Other categories of primary antibodies
  • CAS Number: 78137-76-5
  • MF: C6H4BrNO3
  • MW: 218.005
  • Catalog:Hydrocarbon nitrite
  • Density: 1.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 281.5±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 144-145ºC
  • Flash Point: 124.1±23.2 °C
  • CAS Number: 185629-31-6
  • MF: C8H6FNO4
  • MW: 199.136
  • Catalog:Hydrocarbon nitrite
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 314.6±32.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 59-61ºC
  • Flash Point: 144.1±25.1 °C
  • CAS Number: 2415-80-7
  • MF: C9H8Cl2
  • MW: 187.066
  • Catalog:Aromatic hydrocarbon
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 234.5±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 104.4±0.0 °C
  • CAS Number: 332-42-3
  • MF: C8H8BrF
  • MW: 203.051
  • Catalog:Hydrocarbon halide
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 209.6±15.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 83.3±15.3 °C
  • CAS Number: 1805-22-7
  • MF: C6F12
  • MW: 300.045
  • Catalog:Cyclic hydrocarbon
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 34.8±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: -12.7±19.1 °C
  • CAS Number: 355-02-2
  • MF: C7F14
  • MW: 350.052
  • Catalog:Cyclic hydrocarbon
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 76.1±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: -37 °C
  • Flash Point: 4.2±19.1 °C
  • CAS Number: 6529-53-9
  • MF: C8H8BrCl
  • MW: 219.506
  • Catalog:Aromatic hydrocarbon
  • Density: 1.508
  • Boiling Point: 76-78 ºC (0.3 mmHg)
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 118.0±10.5 °C
  • CAS Number: 6293-87-4
  • MF: C6H8ClN3O2
  • MW: 189.600
  • Catalog:Hydrocarbon nitrite
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 314.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 143.9ºC
  • CAS Number: 1330-20-7
  • MF: C8H10
  • MW: 106.165
  • Catalog:Aromatic hydrocarbon
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 145.9±10.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: -34 °C
  • Flash Point: 32.2±0.0 °C
  • CAS Number: 619-72-7
  • MF: C7H4N2O2
  • MW: 148.119
  • Catalog:Hydrocarbon nitrite
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 307.7±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 144-147 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 139.9±23.2 °C
  • CAS Number: 150253-59-1
  • MF: C15H13Cl
  • MW: 228.71700
  • Catalog:Hydrocarbon halide
  • Density: 1.141g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 353.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 113-117ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 159.7ºC
  • CAS Number: 18328-90-0
  • MF: C6H13N
  • MW: 99.174
  • Catalog:Acyclic hydrocarbon
  • Density: 0.8±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 104.7±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 7.2±0.0 °C
  • CAS Number: 2113-57-7
  • MF: C12H9Br
  • MW: 233.104
  • Catalog:Hydrocarbon halide
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 300.0±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 9ºC
  • Flash Point: 135.6±13.1 °C
  • CAS Number: 98-59-9
  • MF: C7H7ClO2S
  • MW: 190.647
  • Catalog:Hydrocarbon sulfonate
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 265.3±19.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 65-69 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 114.3±21.5 °C
  • CAS Number: 16219-75-3
  • MF: C9H12
  • MW: 120.19200
  • Catalog:Acyclic hydrocarbon
  • Density: 0.893 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
  • Boiling Point: 146 °C(lit.)
  • Melting Point: -80 °C
  • Flash Point: 101 °F
  • CAS Number: 922-62-3
  • MF: C6H12
  • MW: 84.15950
  • Catalog:Acyclic hydrocarbon
  • Density: 0.695g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 64.6ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: -134.84°C
  • Flash Point: -27 °C
  • CAS Number: 592-46-1
  • MF: C6H10
  • MW: 82.14360
  • Catalog:Acyclic hydrocarbon
  • Density: 0.715g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 80ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 179-180℃
  • Flash Point: 7 °F
  • CAS Number: 3017-70-7
  • MF: C5H9Br
  • MW: 149.02900
  • Catalog:Hydrocarbon halide
  • Density: 1.284 g/mL at 25ºC(lit.)
  • Boiling Point: 40ºC75 mm Hg(lit.)
  • Melting Point: -106.7°C (estimate)
  • Flash Point: 77 °F
  • CAS Number: 2367-91-1
  • MF: C6H3ClF2
  • MW: 148.538
  • Catalog:Hydrocarbon halide
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 134.2±20.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 33.0±15.2 °C
  • CAS Number: 563-45-1
  • MF: C5H10
  • MW: 70.133
  • Catalog:Acyclic hydrocarbon
  • Density: 0.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 20.1±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: -168 °C
  • Flash Point: -56.7±0.0 °C
  • CAS Number: 40230-96-4
  • MF: C11H13FSi
  • MW: 192.305
  • Catalog:Hydrocarbon halide
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 207.4±32.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 79.2±25.1 °C
  • CAS Number: 17700-09-3
  • MF: C6H2Cl3NO2
  • MW: 226.445
  • Catalog:Hydrocarbon nitrite
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 296.2±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 53-56 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 133.0±25.9 °C
  • CAS Number: 952182-03-5
  • MF: C4H9NO
  • MW: 87.12040
  • Catalog:Cyclic hydrocarbon
  • Density: 0.965g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 112.256ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 27.566ºC
  • CAS Number: 109-67-1
  • MF: C5H10
  • MW: 70.133
  • Catalog:Acyclic hydrocarbon
  • Density: 0.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 29.9±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: -165ºC
  • Flash Point: -28.9±0.0 °C
  • CAS Number: 7693-52-9
  • MF: C6H4BrNO3
  • MW: 218.005
  • Catalog:Hydrocarbon nitrite
  • Density: 1.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 259.4±20.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 90-94 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 110.7±21.8 °C
  • CAS Number: 91-15-6
  • MF: C8H4N2
  • MW: 128.131
  • Catalog:Aromatic hydrocarbon
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 304.6±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 137-139 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 153.3±17.1 °C
  • CAS Number: 4363-13-7
  • MF: C9H11N
  • MW: 133.19000
  • Catalog:Cyclic hydrocarbon
  • Density: 1.015 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 226.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 93.5ºC
  • CAS Number: 122-95-2
  • MF: C10H14O2
  • MW: 166.217
  • Catalog:Aromatic hydrocarbon
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 246.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 69-72 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 88.2±19.4 °C
  • CAS Number: 6130-96-7
  • MF: C6H12Cl2
  • MW: 155.06500
  • Catalog:Hydrocarbon halide
  • Density: 1.027 g/mL at 25ºC(lit.)
  • Boiling Point: 146-148ºC(lit.)
  • Melting Point: -56ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 98 °F
  • CAS Number: 5670-67-7
  • MF: C8H6N2O4
  • MW: 194.14400
  • Catalog:Acyclic hydrocarbon
  • Density: 1.401g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 356.6ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 106-108ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 183.3ºC