Macrolides are a class of weakly basic antibiotics produced by Streptomyces, named after a 14-member or 16-membered macrocycle containing a lactone structure. These antibiotics act on the 50 S subunit of bacterial cell ribosomes, hinder the synthesis of bacterial proteins, and are long-term bacteriostatic agents. The antibacterial spectrum and antibacterial activity of this class of drugs are basically similar, mainly Gram-positive bacteria, Legionella, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Anaerobic bacteria and the like. The main indications for macrolides are: 1 various infections caused by penicillin-resistant Gram-positive cocci (especially Staphylococcus). 2 Legionella disease. 3 mycoplasma infections. 4 Chlamydia infection. 5 whooping cough. 6 diphtheria carriers. 7 prevention of rheumatic fever and endocarditis, used in patients who are allergic to penicillin. Oral administration is especially suitable for patients with mild to moderate respiratory infections. The adverse reactions of this class of drugs are as follows: 1. Hepatotoxicity: mainly manifested as cholestasis, elevated liver enzymes, etc., usually recovered after stopping the drug. 2. Tinnitus and hearing impairment: occurs when administered intravenously, and can be recovered after stopping or reducing the dose. 3. Allergic reactions: mainly manifested as drug fever, rash, urticaria and so on. 4. Local irritation: local irritation can be caused by injection, so this class of drugs should not be used for intramuscular injection. Intravenous drip can cause phlebitis, so it should be diluted (<0.1%) when used, and the drip rate should not be too fast.
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Amino compound
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Oxy-containing amino compound
Cycloalkylamines, aromatic monoamines, aromatic polyamines and derivatives and salts thereof
Acyclic monoamines, polyamines and their derivatives and salts
Amide compound
Sulfonic acid amino compound
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Alcohols, phenols, phenolic compounds and derivatives
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2-cycloalcohol
Halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of alcohols
Extremely halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of phenols
Phenol and its halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives
Acyclic alcohol
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Nitrogen-containing compound
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Nitrile compound
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Organic derivative of hydrazine or hydrazine
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Terpenoid
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Ether compounds and their derivatives
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Ether, ether alcohol
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of ethers, ether alcohols, ether phenols
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Aldehyde
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Carboxylic compounds and derivatives
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Cyclic carboxylic acid
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of carboxylic acids
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitration of carboxylic anhydrides
Carboxylic acid halide
Carboxylic esters and their derivatives
Salt of carboxylic acid ester and its derivatives
Acyclic carboxylic acid
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Hydrocarbon compounds and their derivatives
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Aromatic hydrocarbon
Cyclic hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon sulfonate
Hydrocarbon halide
Hydrocarbon nitrite
Acyclic hydrocarbon
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Ketone compound
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Alkyl ureas and their derivatives and salts
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Inorganic acid ester
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Heterocyclic compound
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Diazo, azo or azo compound
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Organosilicon compound
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Organometallic compound
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Organic palladium
Organic germanium, cobalt, strontium, barium, gallium, germanium, germanium, germanium, germanium, etc.
Organic calcium
Zirconium
Organic potassium
Organic
Organic lithium
Organic
Organic aluminum
Organotin
Organic manganese
Organic sodium
Organic nickel
Organic titanium
Organic iron
Organic copper
Organotin
Organic zinc
Organic
Organic
Organic germanium, mercury, silver, platinum, etc.
Organic germanium, antimony, bismuth, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, lead, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, antimony, etc.
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Organic sulfur compound
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Organic phosphine compound
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Organometallic salt
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Organic fluorine compound
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Fluorobenzoic acid series
Fluorobenzonitrile series
Fluorobenzaldehyde series
Fluorobenzyl alcohol series
Fluoroanisole series
Fluoroaniline series
Fluorophenylacetic acid series
Fluorophenol series
Fluorobenzoic acid series
Fluoronitrobenzene series
Fluoropyridine series
Potassium fluoroborate series
Fluorobenzyl alcohol series
Fluorotoluene series
Fluorine red series
Fluoroethane series
Fluoropropane series