Sesquiterpenes are quinones containing three isoprene units, generally of the general formula CH, most of which conform to the isoprene rule. The sesquiterpenoids are widely distributed and are most abundant in the magnoliales, rutales, cornales, and asterales plants. The sesquiterpene is mostly present in volatile oils in the form of oxygen-containing derivatives such as alcohols, ketones, lactones, etc. It is the main component of the high-boiling part of the volatile oil, and has strong aroma and biological activity, and is a medicine, food, and cosmetics. An important raw material for industry. There are many sesquiterpenoids, and the most one of the terpenoids is in terms of number and type of structural skeleton. The sesquiterpene compounds are classified according to the number of carbon rings of their structure, such as acyclic, monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic and tetracyclic. It is also classified according to the size of the ring, such as the five, six, and seven-member rings, up to the eleven-yuan ring. For example, it is easy to recognize their physical and chemical properties and physiological activities such as sesquiterpene alcohol, aldehyde, lactone and the like. Some common sesquiterpenoids are listed below: (1) Farnesol is an open-chain sesquiterpene which is found in the volatile oils of various aromatic plants such as lemongrass, orange blossom, and rose. An oily liquid is a precious spice. It also has insect juvenile hormone activity. Excessive insect hormones can inhibit the metamorphosis and maturation of insects. (2) germacone. Also known as the big yak ketone, it is present in the volatile oil of the leaves of Xing'an Rhododendron (Manshan Red), which is a 10-membered ring of monocyclic sesquiterpenes. Manchurian red volatile oil has antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects, and can be used for the treatment of chronic bronchitis. The main component of azadirachtin is 56-57 ° C. (3) Guaiazulene. It is a sesquiterpene component in the volatile oil of the genus guaiac wood, the volatile oil of geranium, and the like. It is a blue needle crystal with a melting point of 31 ° C. It has anti-inflammatory effect and can promote the healing of burns or burn wounds. It is one of the main components of domestic burn cream. Figure 1 shows the structure of the guaiac wood.
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Amino compound
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Oxy-containing amino compound
Cycloalkylamines, aromatic monoamines, aromatic polyamines and derivatives and salts thereof
Acyclic monoamines, polyamines and their derivatives and salts
Amide compound
Sulfonic acid amino compound
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Alcohols, phenols, phenolic compounds and derivatives
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2-cycloalcohol
Halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of alcohols
Extremely halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of phenols
Phenol and its halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives
Acyclic alcohol
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Nitrogen-containing compound
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Nitrile compound
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Organic derivative of hydrazine or hydrazine
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Terpenoid
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Ether compounds and their derivatives
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Ether, ether alcohol
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of ethers, ether alcohols, ether phenols
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Aldehyde
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Carboxylic compounds and derivatives
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Cyclic carboxylic acid
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of carboxylic acids
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitration of carboxylic anhydrides
Carboxylic acid halide
Carboxylic esters and their derivatives
Salt of carboxylic acid ester and its derivatives
Acyclic carboxylic acid
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Hydrocarbon compounds and their derivatives
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Aromatic hydrocarbon
Cyclic hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon sulfonate
Hydrocarbon halide
Hydrocarbon nitrite
Acyclic hydrocarbon
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Ketone compound
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Alkyl ureas and their derivatives and salts
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Inorganic acid ester
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Heterocyclic compound
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Diazo, azo or azo compound
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Organosilicon compound
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Organometallic compound
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Organic palladium
Organic germanium, cobalt, strontium, barium, gallium, germanium, germanium, germanium, germanium, etc.
Organic calcium
Zirconium
Organic potassium
Organic
Organic lithium
Organic
Organic aluminum
Organotin
Organic manganese
Organic sodium
Organic nickel
Organic titanium
Organic iron
Organic copper
Organotin
Organic zinc
Organic
Organic
Organic germanium, mercury, silver, platinum, etc.
Organic germanium, antimony, bismuth, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, lead, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, antimony, etc.
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Organic sulfur compound
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Organic phosphine compound
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Organometallic salt
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Organic fluorine compound
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Fluorobenzoic acid series
Fluorobenzonitrile series
Fluorobenzaldehyde series
Fluorobenzyl alcohol series
Fluoroanisole series
Fluoroaniline series
Fluorophenylacetic acid series
Fluorophenol series
Fluorobenzoic acid series
Fluoronitrobenzene series
Fluoropyridine series
Potassium fluoroborate series
Fluorobenzyl alcohol series
Fluorotoluene series
Fluorine red series
Fluoroethane series
Fluoropropane series