Nitrile compound

Nitrile compounds are important chemical raw materials widely used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, synthetic fibers and plastics, as well as in electroplating, steel quenching and beneficiation industries. Hydrogen cyanide and its salts are mainly used in the electroplating industry, the mining industry (extracting gold and silver), and the manufacture of various resins and synthetic nitrile compounds. Sometimes used in warehouses and cabins to smoke and kill rats. Acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and the like are all important raw materials for synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber and plastics. In addition, the fruits and nucleoli of certain plants, such as bitter almonds, coix seed, peach kernel, cassava, ginkgo, etc., contain cyanide. After excessive intake, especially in children, poisoning or even death can occur. The toxicity of cyanide and nitrile compounds to animals varies greatly from species to species, with dogs and guinea pigs being the most sensitive, followed by mice and rabbits, while rats are least sensitive. Human sensitivity is moderate. Organic nitriles are a good product for use in flavoring. They can have the following general formula: R-CN, R-O-CN. The nitrile compound has a strong aroma similar to the corresponding aldehyde but is more pungent and more intense than the aldehyde. The most important property of nitriles is that they are relatively stable in weakly alkaline media (such as in soaps, detergents, etc.). Therefore, in such products, the corresponding nitriles are substituted for the aldehydes to increase the stability of the fragrance. Inorganic hydrogen cyanide is a very toxic substance, but in addition to the slight irritancy of phenylacetonitrile, organic cyano compounds have not been shown to indicate toxicity and irritation of higher molecular weight nitriles. Acetonitrile is also known as methyl cyanide. A colorless liquid with an aromatic odor. The boiling point is 81.6 ° C. Used in organic synthesis, manufacturing drugs, spices. It is a moderate poison. The oral LD50 of mice was 200-453.2 mg/kg, and the LC50 of inhalation for 2 hours was 3,860-9,651 mg/m3. Two hours after the mice were injected subcutaneously with acetonitrile 0.01 ml/g (2.5% acetonitrile solution), the SCN-content in the plasma increased and reached a peak at 7 hours. No obvious accumulation. The human's olfactory threshold is 67.2 mg/m3. At short-term inhalation at 840 mg/m3, irritation occurs in the nose and throat; 840 mg/m3 or more can cause nausea, vomiting, chest pain, abdominal pain, and vascular changes. This product has been reported as occupational poisoning.