Hydrocarbon halide

The hydrocarbon halide is abbreviated as a halogenated hydrocarbon, and refers to a product in which a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon molecule is substituted by a halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine). Diluted into aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons (including saturated and unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons), aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons, and the like, depending on the hydrocarbon group. According to the number of halogen atoms contained in the molecule, it is classified into a monohalogenated hydrocarbon, a dihalogenated hydrocarbon and a polyhalogenated hydrocarbon. Most of the halogenated hydrocarbons are liquids, and the specific gravity of the iodohydrocarbons, brominated hydrocarbons and polyhalogenated hydrocarbons is greater than one. They are insoluble in water, miscible with hydrocarbons in any proportion, and are capable of dissolving many other organics. Its specific gravity decreases as the number of carbon atoms increases. When the hydrocarbon groups are the same, the boiling point and specific gravity of the halogenated hydrocarbon are increased in the order of the chlorinated hydrocarbon, the brominated hydrocarbon, and the iodohydrocarbon. In the isomer, the more the branch, the lower the boiling point. Most of these substances are toxic and can be burned, and their combustion properties decrease as the number of halogen atoms in the compound increases. During storage, fire management shall be carried out according to the fire risk indicators according to the fire hazard of A, B and C. When the fire is on, the gas is treated as a Class C fire, and the liquid is treated as a Class B fire. The amount of naturally occurring halogenated hydrocarbons is extremely small, and most of the halogenated hydrocarbons are synthesized by halogenation of alkanes, addition of unsaturated hydrocarbons, and action of alcohols and hydrohalic acids. Halogenated hydrocarbons have more isomers than the corresponding hydrocarbons, in addition to carbon heterogeneous, unsaturated bond positional isomerism, cis-trans isomerization, optical isomerism, and positional isomerism of halogen atoms. When halogenated hydrocarbons are named, the hydrocarbon is the parent and the halogen atom is the substituent. The position, number and name of the halogen atom are indicated before the name of the hydrocarbon. At room temperature, except for methyl chloride, methyl bromide, ethyl chloride, vinyl chloride, etc., which are gases at room temperature, halogenated hydrocarbons are generally liquid, and higher halogenated hydrocarbons are solid. Halogenated hydrocarbons are insoluble in water, soluble in various organic solvents, and can dissolve a variety of weakly polar and non-polar organic substances. They are commonly used solvents. The relative density of the iodohydrocarbon, the brominated hydrocarbon, and the polyhalogenated hydrocarbon is greater than one. The boiling point of the halogenated hydrocarbon increases as the atomic number of the halogen increases. The boiling point of the same series of halogenated hydrocarbons increases as the carbon chain increases. In the isomer, the more branches, the lower the boiling point (except for fluoroalkanes). Halogenated hydrocarbons are much more reactive than alkanes, can undergo a variety of chemical reactions, and are converted into various types of compounds, occupying an important position in organic synthesis. Halogenated hydrocarbons are extremely versatile and can be used as refrigerants, fire extinguishing agents, anesthetics and preservatives in addition to solvents.