We know that a compound in which a carbonyl group and a two hydrocarbon group are linked in a molecule is called a ketone. A ketone having an aromatic hydrocarbon group attached thereto can be regarded as a mixed aromatic ketone, and if both are aromatic hydrocarbon groups, it can be regarded as a simple aromatic ketone. For example, common benzophenones and acetophenones are aromatic ketones, and alkane aryl ketones in aromatic ketones are mostly liquid, while simple aromatic ketones are solid. Do not dissolve in water, soluble in organic solvents. It is an important industrial raw material in both chemical and pharmaceutical fields. Most of the aromatic ketones can be reacted with an acid chloride or an acid anhydride with an aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of aluminum chloride (Friedel-Crafts reaction). Ketones have a lower boiling point than the corresponding alcohols and are readily soluble in organic solvents. Ketones below 4 carbons are readily soluble in water. The carbonyl carbon atom of the ketone is in the sp2 hybrid state, and is bonded to the oxygen atom by a double bond (a sigma bond, a π bond). The oxygen atom is more electronegative than carbon, and the electron cloud is biased toward the oxygen atom. The electron density of the carbon atom is low. , is partially positively charged, prone to nucleophilic addition reaction. However, since the carbonyl group has two hydrocarbyl groups attached, the ketone has a lower nucleophilic activity than the aldehyde. Ketones are important organic compounds widely found in nature. They are usually obtained by the oxidation of alcohols and hydrocarbons, the Fourier reaction of aromatic hydrocarbons, and the pyrolysis of carboxylic acids and carboxylates, in addition to extraction from animal and plant organisms.
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Amino compound
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Oxy-containing amino compound
Cycloalkylamines, aromatic monoamines, aromatic polyamines and derivatives and salts thereof
Acyclic monoamines, polyamines and their derivatives and salts
Amide compound
Sulfonic acid amino compound
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Alcohols, phenols, phenolic compounds and derivatives
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2-cycloalcohol
Halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of alcohols
Extremely halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of phenols
Phenol and its halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives
Acyclic alcohol
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Nitrogen-containing compound
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Nitrile compound
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Organic derivative of hydrazine or hydrazine
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Terpenoid
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Ether compounds and their derivatives
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Ether, ether alcohol
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of ethers, ether alcohols, ether phenols
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Aldehyde
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Carboxylic compounds and derivatives
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Cyclic carboxylic acid
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of carboxylic acids
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitration of carboxylic anhydrides
Carboxylic acid halide
Carboxylic esters and their derivatives
Salt of carboxylic acid ester and its derivatives
Acyclic carboxylic acid
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Hydrocarbon compounds and their derivatives
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Aromatic hydrocarbon
Cyclic hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon sulfonate
Hydrocarbon halide
Hydrocarbon nitrite
Acyclic hydrocarbon
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Ketone compound
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Alkyl ureas and their derivatives and salts
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Inorganic acid ester
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Heterocyclic compound
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Diazo, azo or azo compound
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Organosilicon compound
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Organometallic compound
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Organic palladium
Organic germanium, cobalt, strontium, barium, gallium, germanium, germanium, germanium, germanium, etc.
Organic calcium
Zirconium
Organic potassium
Organic
Organic lithium
Organic
Organic aluminum
Organotin
Organic manganese
Organic sodium
Organic nickel
Organic titanium
Organic iron
Organic copper
Organotin
Organic zinc
Organic
Organic
Organic germanium, mercury, silver, platinum, etc.
Organic germanium, antimony, bismuth, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, lead, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, antimony, etc.
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Organic sulfur compound
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Organic phosphine compound
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Organometallic salt
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Organic fluorine compound
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Fluorobenzoic acid series
Fluorobenzonitrile series
Fluorobenzaldehyde series
Fluorobenzyl alcohol series
Fluoroanisole series
Fluoroaniline series
Fluorophenylacetic acid series
Fluorophenol series
Fluorobenzoic acid series
Fluoronitrobenzene series
Fluoropyridine series
Potassium fluoroborate series
Fluorobenzyl alcohol series
Fluorotoluene series
Fluorine red series
Fluoroethane series
Fluoropropane series